面向战争设计工程的研讨信息组织模型*

提出一种面向战争设计工程的研讨信息组织模型。该模型根据IBIS模型和Toulmin逻辑对专家发言进行结构化处理。根据研讨信息表达的意义,把研讨信息转换为问题节点、方案节点、意见节点和约束条件节点,并根据节点之间的逻辑关系,建立研讨图（DG）。其中,问题节点表示研讨问题和专家对意见和约束条件的质疑;约束条件节点反映专家对意见的判断。该模型是对研讨信息和它们之间逻辑关系的详细描述,最后阐述了该模型在战争设计工程专家群体研讨中的应用。     

一种研讨信息组织模型及其在研讨厅中的应用*

在群体研讨过程中会产生大量的研讨信息,群体共识则蕴藏在这些研讨信息之中,因此有必要对研讨信息进行分析处理。为此,提出一种面向群体共识涌现的研讨信息组织模型(DISM)。该模型根据Toulmin逻辑对专家发言进行结构化处理,将专家发言分解为根据、论证、模态限定和主张等几个部分。其中,模态限定是一个可量化的部件,反映了专家对主张的态度;根据和论证则为主张提供支持。该模型是对研讨信息的全面描述,可以有效处理研讨信息并支持共识达成,最后阐述了该模型在综合集成研讨厅中的应用。     

基于Internet的群决策研讨平台的研究与实现*

比较选择了Internet环境下群决策的研讨方式,设计了合理的、动态的研讨流程;提出了一种基于向量相似度的衡量专家间一致性的方法,并在此基础上研究选取了合适的专家群体一致性判断算法;最后通过实例对该平台的实用性加以验证.     

面向综合集成研讨厅的方案生成和评估系统

针对综合集成研讨厅体系,设计并实现了方案生成及评估系统。该系统采用电子问卷的形式供专家撰写和提交方案,自动分析汇总专家群体的方案;并提供了一种评估研讨方案的有效方法,通过专家一致性算法将群体专家的定性评估进行量化,然后实现评估结果的可视化;经过反复研讨评估,得到最终的研讨方案。面向综合集成研讨厅的方案生成和评估系统,采用定性、定量相结合的方法,将与会专家的经验知识和计算机高速的信息处理能力结合起来,为与会专家在综合集成研讨环境中解决复杂问题提供了强有力的工具,实验结果证明了该系统的可行性和可操作性。     

基于IBIS和Toulmin辩论形式的群体研讨模型

研讨模型是建立群体研讨环境的理论基础。以基于问题的信息系统(IBIS)模型和Toulmin辩论模型为基础,建立了一种可对研讨发言进行评价的群体研讨模型。该模型将群体研讨发言信息组织成由发言节点和语义边构成的图。给出了基于语言加权集结(LWA)算子和节点归约的发言节点评价方法。以系统体系结构设计问题的群体研讨为例,说明模型的可用性和有效性。     

基于多智能体的协同研讨关键技术研究

综合集成研讨厅中协同研讨系统是帮助专家交流观点、协同工作、共享资源并最终涌现群体智慧的重要模块。针对传统C/S模式在软件灵活性、可扩展性上的不足,设计综合集成研讨厅中协同研讨系统的多智能体架构,以及智能体的各种行为。提出基于移动智能体的协同研讨场景自适应构建技术,当用户进入协同研讨场景时将研讨所需的各种智能体移动到客户端并进行组装。在此基础上提出基于ACL通信的工具协同化方法,并设计协同研讨场景中的各种本体概念,将本体用于智能体的ACL消息中。使用JADE框架搭建出协同研讨原型系统,并以模拟场景进行了系统验证。实验表明,该架构增强了研讨客户端的灵活性与可扩展性,同时支持专家对工具的协同操作。     

时变三维标量场并行计算与绘制框架研究

群体研讨中专家思维的不确定性、研讨信息的非结构化给达成研讨共识带来了困难。针对此问题提出了一个由自然属性与人工属性集成的研讨信息模型,结合论点框架、有效论点组和支持分配函数等概念,研究了不确定性研讨信息提取的机制,探讨了一种基于平均论据的信息融合方法,旨在促进认识的螺旋上升和群体共识的达成。最后结合以汽车为对象的客户需求研讨,用案例说明了模型和方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于多Agent的群体协作研讨平台的研究

讨论多Agent技术在群体协作研讨平台中的应用,提出一个简明的基于多Agent的群体研讨协作模型,并在JADE的平台上予以实现.结果表明采用此技术可使专家们在网上的研讨活动更加灵活、便捷和个性化,并使群体共识达成更具科学性.     

基于Web的群体决策研讨信息自主可视化初探

为了克服在群体决策研讨过程中存在的“信息过载”和“知识断层”以及单纯依赖文本记录方法等给群体交流造成的不便,改善沟通效果并最终有效地辅助决策,需要对研讨信息进行合理组织和表示。文章分析了群体研讨过程中的信息属性及其结构,提出了在研讨某一时点上的信息布局“树状结构”以及在整个研讨进程上的“网络结构”的信息自主可视化概念模型。最后,利用JAVA技术、WEB技术以及多媒体技术等设计并实现了一个简单的体现研讨信息自主可视化思想的平台。     

一种研讨模型

提出了一种研讨模型.该模型用简化的Toulmin模型表示争议内部结构,用Dung的抽象辩论框架的方法定义争议之间的关系,给出了争议可防卫性和陈述可接受性算法.用该模型对已有文献中的实例重新建模,结果表明,该模型能够准确计算陈述可接受性并得出研讨结果.该模型研究出发点是对实际群体研讨建模,但也可以用于非经典逻辑形式系统建模.     

Implementation of Web‐based argumentation in facilitating elementary school students to learn environmental issues

This research develops a Web‐based argumentation system named the Web‐based Interactive Argumentation System (WIAS). WIAS can provide teachers with the scaffolding for argumentation instruction. Students can propose their statements, collect supporting evidence and share and discuss with peers online. This research adopts a quasi‐experimental design, applying WIAS to the teaching of environmental issues, including mudslides, global warming and nuclear power. Fifty‐seven elementary school fifth graders from two classes participated in this research. With each class as a unit, they were divided into the WIAS group (n = 30) and the traditional argumentation instruction (TAI) group (n = 27). Before research, all students took the pre‐test of the ‘achievement test for environmental issues (ATEI)’ and the ‘environmental literacy scale (ELS).’ Then all students received argumentation training and six classes of argumentation instruction. Students in the WIAS group performed argumentation in the WIAS, while those in the TAI group performed argumentation in a traditional classroom. After the six‐class argumentation instruction, all students took the post‐test of the ATEI and ELS. The results show that students in the WIAS group have significantly better learning effectiveness than those in the TAI group. Students in the WIAS group also exhibited significantly better improvement in their environmental literacy.     

Studying the effectiveness of an online argumentation model for improving undergraduate students' argumentation ability

This research develops a web-based model, entitled the “intuitive claim, peer-assessment, discussion, and elaborate claim argumentation training” (IPadE) model, and embeds with a Web-based Interactive Argumentation System to enhance undergraduate students' socioscientific argumentation abilities. This research adopts a quasi-experimental research design; the sample comprised 131 undergraduate students from two classes (69 in the experimental group and 62 in the control group). The socioscientific issue discussed were related to global health. This study collected and analysed quantitative and qualitative data, including the pretest and posttest of students' knowledge test scores and argumentation abilities questionnaire. The results generally confirmed the effectiveness of the IPadE model. First, in a comparison of the content knowledge and argumentation skills, the experimental group have statistically significantly improved than the control group. Second, regarding the number of reasoning modes proposed, the experimental group could propose multiple reasoning modes and reasoning levels on rebuttals increased after training.     

一种扩展双极辩论模型

提出一种扩展双极辩论模型EBAF(extended bipolar argumentation framework).该模型不仅包括攻击和支援两种独立的语义关系,还允许攻击和支援的递归交互,即对攻击和支援关系进行攻击或支援,且递归次数不受限制.围绕该模型的可接受集合的确定问题,首先将该模型中的攻击和支援关系进行分离,得到攻击辩论框架和支援辩论框架;然后将攻击关系和支援关系作为实体,把递归攻击和递归支援转化为关系视角下的攻击和支援.在此基础上,定义了EBAF的基本语义概念和可接受集合,并给出了可接受集合的确定算法.最后将EBAF与其他相关辩论模型进行了比较.     

Combining interaction and context design to support collaborative argumentation using a tool for synchronous CMC

Abstract Empirical studies and theory suggest that educational dialogue can be used to support learners in the development of reasoning, critical thinking and argumentation. This paper presents an educational design for synchronous online peer discussion that guides student dialogue in ways that lead to improved argumentation and collaborative knowledge development. This design includes a mediating interface – or tool, linked to a broader set of online educational activities – a designed local context, where the latter aims to provide conditions that support argumentation. The approach is based on collaborative working and dialogue game approaches to discussion. Preliminary findings with UK Open University students showed the argumentation process was more coherent, varied, deeper and extended when using our interaction design compared with the use of a simple unstructured interface.     

投资项目模糊评价系统设计

该文针对投资项目论证结论和项目实现运行相差甚远的问题,以专家对项目面对面的定性论证方式为突破口,构建了专家论证指标体系,专家对项目背靠函评量化打分,采用多层次模糊评价原理对数据进行处理,并利用VB语言完成这一评价过程的系统设计,以提高投资项目的综合论证能力和准确性。     

Dynamics of argumentation systems: A division-based method

The changing of arguments and their attack relation is an intrinsic property of a variety of argumentation systems. So, it is very important to efficiently figure out how the status of arguments in a system evolves when the system is updated. However, unlike other areas of argumentation that have been deeply explored, such as argumentation semantics, proof theories, and algorithms, etc., dynamics of argumentation systems has been comparatively neglected. In this paper, we formulate a general theory (called a division-based method) to cope with this problem based on a new concept: the division of an argumentation framework. When an argumentation framework is updated, it is divided into three parts: an unaffected, an affected, and a conditioning part. The status of arguments in the unaffected sub-framework remains unchanged, while the status of the affected arguments is computed in a special argumentation framework (called a conditioned argumentation framework, or briefly CAF) that is composed of an affected part and a conditioning part. We have proved that under a certain semantics that satisfies the directionality criterion (complete, preferred, ideal, or grounded semantics), the extensions of the updated framework are equal to the result of a combination of the extensions of an unaffected sub-framework and sets of the extensions of a set of assigned CAFs. Due to the efficiency of the division-based method, it is expected to be very useful in various kinds of argumentation systems where arguments and attacks are dynamics.     

A dialogical theory of legal discussions:Pragma-dialectical analysis and evaluation of legalargumentation

In this paper, the author describes a dialogical approach tolegal argumentation from the perspective of argumentationtheory. In a pragma-dialectical approach of legalargumentation, the argumentation is considered to be part of acritical discussion aimed at the rational resolution of thedispute. The author describes how a pragma-dialecticalanalysis and evaluation of legal argumentation can be carriedout.     

概率逻辑结果支持度的合成算法

Haenni的概率推理系统在与D-S理论相互转化的过程中进行了投影,从而不可避免地导致一些有价值信息的丢失。为此提出一种新的概率逻辑结果支持度的合成算法来避免信息的丢失。