基于遗传算法的纸浆螺旋输送机优化设计

以部件质量最小和传动效率最大为双优化目标，建立了螺旋输送机优化模型，并利用遗传算法进行优化求解，使优化求解方便快捷，效率提高。     

强度为Weibull分布，应力为其他分布的可靠度求解

运用应力-强度相干理论，推导出强度为Weibull分布，应力为其他分布时可靠度求解表达式，并应用专用数学软件Mathematica实现了数值的求解。文中给出若干求解实例，求解的过程简便、直观，有利于工程可靠性设计与分析借鉴。     

解数学物理方程Tu＝△u的初值方法

给出了形如Ｔｕ＝△ｕ的数学物理方程的简单易行的求解方法，如果该方程的初值函数是由多项式函数、三角函数、指数函数等组成，则该方程初值问题可归结为常微分方程组的初值问题求解，这样使原问题大为简化。本文还给出了具体求解的范例。     

火箭发动机壳体封头形状最优设计的总极值方法

提出了火箭发动机壳体封头形状优化设计的一个新的数学模型，以封头母线函数的系数优化设计变量，封冰的单位容积质量城满足应力及几何等多个约束条件下，采用“积分型总极值”优化方法求解，实例表明，文中提出的数学模型和求解方法是正确和有效的。     

应用Matlab遗传算法工具箱的蜗杆机构优化设计

在满足承载能力和刚度要求条件下，以蜗杆机构中蜗轮齿冠体积最小为优化目标，建立了优化设计数学模型。由于传统的优化方法存在着求解过程复杂和寻优过程容易陷入局部最优解的问题，故应用matlab遗传算法工具箱寻求最优解，使求解过程得到简化，能可靠地获得全局最优解。     

目标规划的基线算法

目标规划的基线算法是在线性规划的基础上，结合目标规划的自身特点形成的一种算法．在此对基线算法进行了一些改进和推广，给出了目标规划基线算法的求解步骤和并给出了其应用实例，数值实验表明，用基线算法解决目标规划问题，较单纯形法更简洁，求解速度更快且更易编程．     

解析法设计函数生成机构

用解析法设计函数生成机构，要解决的关键问题是两连架杆位置方程式的求解。对于3组对应位置的线性方程组，用矩阵法可快速求解；对于5组对应位置的非线性方程组，先取3个方程推导出有关参数表达式，代入另2个方程，用限制计算精度的方法求解，该法快捷方便，而且能保证有3个精确解、2个满足一定精度的解。     

带停歇的齿轮连杆组合机构的设计方法

对于带停歇的齿轮连杆组合机构，将与停歇时间Δt对应的曲柄转角Δφ1和摇杆转角ΔφH均分为五组对应角度。按两连架杆五组对应位置设计曲柄摇杆机构。在求解两连架杆五个位置方程式时，采用的方法是先取三个方程推导出有关参数表达式，代入另两个方程，用限制计算精度的方法求解。用这种方法解非线性方程组的最大优点是，不仅求解快捷方便，而且求出的结果有三个精确解，另两个为满足一定精度的解。     

Matlab在化工管路设计型计算的应用

化工管路设计型计算存在着公式多，解题难度大及计算复杂等特点，求解方法基本以迭代试差法为主，但在用常规手工计算求解过程中。因数据处理量过大而导致解题失误多、计算结果精确度低而不利于提高化工设计能力。本文分别以简单和复杂管路计算过程为例。阐明了Matlab在化工管路设计中的高效性和适用性。     

利用Excel推荐平衡膳食

探索一种采用Excel利用线性规划的数学模型进行平衡膳食的计算机推荐的方法，针对不同人群对营养素的需求，采用计算机Excel提供“规划求解”功能，从建立的食物营养成分数据表和每日膳食中营养供给量及安全量表中提取数据构建线性规划约束方程，求解出符合平衡膳食条件的食品配方。通过使用证实方法实用，简单易行。     

Investigation of the contribution of radicals to the mechanism of the early stage of the Maillard reaction

Involvement of radical reactions in the mechanism of the Maillard reaction is demonstrated. Intermediate Maillard reaction product interactions with the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazinyl radical, and also electron transfer, followed spectrophotometrically with phenanthrolin, allowed the contribution of these reactions in the Maillard system to be explored. It was, thus, possible to estimate which reaction mechanism (ionic or radical) dominates the early stage of the Maillard reaction, depending on the milieu and the reactants in a model system.The pH value has a significant influence on the participation of radical reactions. Whereas at pH 5 an ionic mechanism seems to be predominant, at increasing pH values reactions proceed with an increasing amount of radical participation. The influence of the amino acids used is marginal, especially at high pH values. In the glycine model, the amount of ionic reactions rises on changing the pH value from 8 to 7.The sugar influence on the reaction mechanism depends particularly on the ability to form sugar fragments and on the molar ratio of sugar to amino acid.     

轴承对棉纺环锭细纱锭子噪声的影响

为了降低细纱车间危害人体健康的环境噪声,分析了细纱锭子产生噪声的原因,根据对滚动轴承噪声的测定方法,对纺锭轴承超精前后以及安装在锭子上后进行噪声试验测试,并探讨了降低锭子噪声的途径。指出:轴承制造精度是棉纺环锭细纱锭子噪声的主要来源,可通过提高零件表面质量、降低锭杆与轴承滚柱间机械冲击来降低;实际生产中应将降低噪声与提高生产效率、使用效果三者统一。     

浅述电子清纱器检测头电磁铁的设计

在电子清纱器检测头工作原理的基础上,引入了对电磁铁的介绍,并运用拍合式电磁铁工作原理对磁路进行了分析、计算,并得出了电磁铁吸合力的计算方法。明确了电磁铁吸合力的计算、实验是电子清纱器检测头设计的重要基础环节,进而对电子清纱器检测头电磁铁的设计方法给出指导意见。     

The influence of age of the parents on some characteristics of the offspring of insects bred in the laboratory

The literature on the influence of parental age on the size and viability of eggs, longevity and fecundity of offspring and the rate of development of offspring is reviewed. No simple general pattern emerges although a number of examples of clear trends related to parental age have been recorded. The most consistent trend in rate of development is for Tenebrio molitor. In this species the offspring of old parents develop more quickly than those of young parents. A very wide difference of developmental period recorded for Tribolium confusum is considered spurious and is thought to illustrate the difficulty of investigating age effects.

Two experiments on Sitophilus granarius are reported. The results of these are complicated by density variation in cultures but the curve relating developmental period to parental age is parabolic with a maximum in middle age.

In general it is concluded that the influences of parental age are real but inconsistent so that all controlled experiments must be designed to take account of them.     

密度方法在谱与tilings关系中的一个应用

谱对与tiling对存在某些确定的联系，两者在小波理论、离散Fourier分析与三角逼近理论中有着直接的应用．本文将从谱与tilings的基本性质出发，利用密度方法，得到谱与tilings关系中集合的勒贝格测度的一些估计，为进一步研究此类I＂-1题奠定基础．这里的研究是基于谱与tilings的基本性质，与共轭Fuglede猜想密切相关．     

浅探加压100N/双锭在高效工艺的实践

以加压为100N/双锭在高效工艺纺纱的探索为主线,提出了"轻加压、柔控制"的工艺思想,分析其对与之配套的胶圈、胶辊的要求;通过纺纱实践,说明了加压为100N/双锭纺纱在高效工艺运行具有可行性。指出:上、下胶圈的运行稳定性和同步性以及低硬度高弹性胶辊的应用是纺纱成功的关键,纺纱牵伸理论应与能量守恒定律相结合;轻加压、柔控制思想还需进一步深入探索。     

地区经济发展水平的主成份分析研究

从定量化的角度综合评价地区经济发展水平,提出了反映地区经济发展规模及发展速度等１１项指标,使用ＳＰＳＳ统计软件对国内３０个省、市、自治区的１１项指标进行主成份分析,按累贡献率≥８５％提取了５个主成分份,以主成份的贡献率为权数求加权均值得到综合得分值,据此值大小,将我国３０个省、市自治区排序并分为３大类,其经济发展水平总体上呈现东高西低的地域分布格局。     

Some aspects of the control of plastics food packaging in the UK

One of the principal reasons for the use of food packaging is to prevent the undue contamination of food. However, the package can itself give rise to contamination by acting as a source of chemical substances which may migrate into the food. The number of potential contaminants from this source is very large and any controls have to be formulated with this in mind. Legal restraints which are currently in force in the UK concerning contaminants which may enter food from plastics packaging are, with one exception, of a general nature. However, this is not to say that no regard is paid to the nature and potential health implications of specific migrants; in fact, several investigatory programmes in this area have already been conducted and others are currently in progress. The results of such studies are always carefully assessed to ascertain whether or not the need for specific legislative controls is indicated.This paper considers in some detail the approach to gathering information and assessing potential problems associated with the use of plastics for food packaging in the UK. In particular, the influence that this has had so far on the need—or otherwise—for formal controls is discussed and the effects that UK membership of the EEC has had on this area is outlined. A brief comment on emerging trends is made.     

Exploring the impact of sexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry

Widespread commercial application of sexed semen is expected within the next decade because of continued improvements in fertility of sexed semen and sorting capacity. The objective of this study was to explore the potential impact of widespread application of sexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry in the United States. Historically, female offspring from all heifers and cows were needed to produce enough dairy replacement heifers to replace culled cows. The use of sexed semen allows for a decoupling of breeding decisions necessary to obtain an adequate supply of dairy replacement heifers from those needed to achieve pregnancies needed to start new lactations. Application of sexed semen allows dairy producers to select among their herds’ potential dams and produce dairy replacement heifers from only the genetically superior animals. The rate of genetic progress is expected to increase, but not more than 15% of the rate of gain accomplished through sire selection achieved through conventional (nonsexed) artificial insemination breeding. The supply of dairy replacement heifers is expected to grow to meet and temporarily exceed current demand, resulting in reduced prices for dairy replacement heifers. Consequently, herd turnover rates are expected to increase slightly, and herd expansions may accelerate. The rate of consolidation of dairy farms is expected to increase. Widespread application of sexed semen may temporarily increase the supply of milk, which would result in lower milk prices. The cost of milk production will be reduced as well. Many breeding options exist for the genetically poorer cows in the herd. The optimal breeding mix depends on the value of the various kinds of calves that could be produced. More crossbred calves for beef production may be produced; however, a market for these crossbred calves is not well established. Increased specialization is expected with more dairy producers deciding not to raise their own heifers but to purchase replacements. Other dairy farms might specialize in producing genetically superior dairy replacement heifers for sale. Depending on the value of calves not raised for replacements, artificial insemination organizations might market beef conventional semen or beef male sexed semen to dairy farms. The use of sexed semen should lower the cost of progeny-testing programs and embryo transfer and enhance the value of genetic markers. Eventually, the economic benefits from the use of sexed semen will be passed on to consumers.     

影响胶圈制成率原因和控制方法

全面阐述了纺纱牵伸胶圈在制造过程中产生外观质量缺陷的原因，按全面质量管理的要求，分析生产过程中影响产品质量的几种因素和控制办法，从而达到产品质量的巩固和提高。