Optimized constellations for two-way wireless relaying with physical network coding

We investigate modulation schemes optimized for two-way wireless relaying systems, for which network coding is employed at the physical layer. We consider network coding based on denoise-and-forward (DNF) protocol, which consists of two stages: multiple access (MA) stage, where two terminals transmit simultaneously towards a relay, and broadcast (BC) stage, where the relay transmits towards the both terminals. We introduce a design principle of modulation and network coding, considering the superposed constellations during the MA stage. For the case of QPSK modulations at the MA stage, we show that QPSK constellations with an exclusive-or (XOR) network coding do not always offer the best transmission for the BC stage, and that there are several channel conditions in which unconventional 5-ary constellations lead to a better throughput performance. Through the use of sphere packing, we optimize the constellation for such an irregular network coding. We further discuss the design issue of the modulation in the case when the relay exploits diversity receptions such as multiple-antenna diversity and path diversity in frequency-selective fading. In addition, we apply our design strategy to a relaying system using higher-level modulations of 16QAM in the MA stage. Performance evaluations confirm that the proposed scheme can significantly improve end-to-end throughput for two-way relaying systems.     

网络-信道联合编码的DmF协作通信技术

提出了一种采用网络-信道编码的解调前传(DmF)协作通信方案.与译码前传(DF)相比,DmF协作方式在中继处只对信号进行解调而非译码,因此,大大降低了中继节点的复杂度.在由两个用户、一个中继节点和一个基站组成的通信模型中,采用LDPC信道编码与网络编码结合的方式,构造了一种DmF协作传输方式.在基站处,通过构造的H矩阵对来自两用户及中继的信号进行联合译码.仿真结果表明:所给方案的性能优于非协作方式及无网络编码的协作通信方式,随着信噪比的增加这种优势会更加明显;另外,DmF的性能与DF的非常接近,但其设备复杂度却大大降低,因此DmF比DF方式更具实用性.同时,该方案在降低设备复杂度、减少延迟、有效对抗无线信道慢衰落、提高通信性能及频谱利用率等方面都是非常有效的.     

联合网络编码和中继选择的协作传输方案及其性能分析

研究了Nakagami信道中联合网络编码和双向协作中继选择的中断与平均误码率的性能,基于3个时隙的网络编码方案提出了一种最小化较差用户误码率的协作中继选择策略。在Nakagami信道下,从双向通信的角度,通过理论分析得出其中断概率和平均误码率的解析式和渐近式,同时推导了无协作中继选择时网络编码的中断概率和平均误码率解析式。通过理论分析发现,当Nakagami信道衰落参数降低时,联合网络编码的协作中继选择方案相对于无协作中继选择时的性能增益将逐渐升高。数值仿真实验结果表明,所提策略的平均误码率性能要显著高于无协作中继选择时的网络编码性能。     

采用模拟网络编码的认知中继网络双向通信的最优功率分配

Cognitive radio and cooperative communication can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency in wireless communications. We study a cognitive radio network where two secondary source terminals exchange their information with the assistance of a relay node under interference power constraints. In order to enhance the transmit rate and maintain fairness between two source terminals, a practical 2-phase analog network coding protocol is adopted and its optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed. Numerical results verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional direct transmission protocol and 4-phase amplify-and-forward relay protocol.     

基于物理层网络编码的非对称中继系统性能分析

在无线通信研究中,网络编码因其可有效提升带宽利用率的特性得到了大量关注.但是,网络编码用于双向中继信道(TWRC)时,中继位置的不对称将造成系统性能的下降,故在源节点使用分层调制的方法来解决此问题.研究了分层调制和物理层网络编码的联合以及优化,并进行了系统仿真.仿真结果显示,在非对称中继信道下,通过与传统调制方案(CM...     

MIMO双向中继信道的网络预编码算法研究

在衰落信道环境下,多输入多输出（MIMO）网络编码比传统的网络编码具有更好的鲁棒性.而网络编码与无线中继技术的结合也是目前最具潜力的研究热点之一.从通信基本原理的角度对MIMO双向中继系统的3种通信模型进行介绍,对相应的网络预编码实现的算法和机制进行研究对比,指出3种模型各自的优缺点.最后,讨论该领域的进一步研究方向.     

物理层网络编码分组的机会中继

为提升物理层网络编码方案的抗衰落性能,该文提出了一种基于物理层网络编码的机会中继方案(Opportunistic Relaying based-on Physical-layer Network Coding,PNC-OR),该方案利用物理层网络编码的基本思想、有效提升网络吞吐的同时,通过中继节点的分布式选择,也能够使系统获得多用户分集增益,提高了系统的抗衰落性能。针对双向无线中继信道中端到端信息交换的情形,推导了准静态衰落环境下PNC-OR中多个目的节点接收信息的和容量。数值结果显示：和机会中继、传统网络编码两种方案相比,PNC-OR具有更高的频谱效率,并且随着中继节点的增多,频谱效率也越高。     

不对称速率传输中网络编码与信道编码的联合设计

本文针对双向中继信道中不对称速率传输的情况进行了研究。在实际双向中继信道的通信传输中,由于信道质量,发射功率,业务需求等条件的不对称,双向信道的传输速率往往也是不对称的。本文提出了一种称为子集编码的方案,将调制、物理层网络编码、信道编码联合起来设计,使得较差信道的信道编码码字为较好信道的子集,这样中继节点可以利用信道编码的线性性质对接收到的叠加信号直接进行译码,从而使译码复杂度降低50%;同时,较好信道使用高阶调制,较差信道使用低阶调制,利用较好信道提高了系统的传输速率。仿真结果表明,与对称速率传输相比,本文提出的方案在提高系统有效性的同时,又保证了系统的可靠性。      

Relay-based cooperative MAC protocol with rate adaptation

The existing wireless cooperative MAC protocols rarely consider the impact of channel condition and node energy consumption.To this issue,a new wireless cooperative MAC protocol was proposed,which used the random linear network coding,and introduced a mechanism of request relay frame to solve the hidden terminal problem.Specifically,the proposed method adaptively adjusted the node rate according to RSSI,and determined the relay node based on the requirements of cooperative transmission.The simulation results show that the network performance can be improved through deploying the proposed protocol.     

Efficient Protocols Design and Performance Analysis for Centralized WLAN

Device-to-device communications have attracted much more attention recently in the realization of smart cities. In this paper, we propose a network coding (NC) scheme based on device-to-device communication for centralized wireless local area network (WLAN). In centralized WLAN scenarios, users’ communication can be implemented through multiple interaction of access points acted as relay nodes, which are similar to direct link session (DLS) protocol in IEEE 802.11 standard and we named the proposed protocol as advanced DLS scheme, where analytical performance results of the proposed two-way communication system using NC, with and without AP selection, are obtained in multi-AP cases, as well as the asymptotic results in high transmitting power. In addition, the performance comparisons of throughput, delay and collision probability of proposed scheme with IEEE 802.11 are provided in simulation, which present the advantages of centralized WLAN. By the analysis, it is found that the proposed advanced DLS scheme can achieve almost exactly the same bit error ratio performance as the optimal selection at all signal to noise ratio ranges. It is also shown that the proposed transmission scheme significantly outperform the current mode in two-way communication Nakagami channels owing to the diversity order and array gains. The proposed scheme only need little frame modification and can be compatible with the current standard. Finally, simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.     

基于网络编码的系统中断性能分析

在无线通信中,信道的衰落会降低信号传输的可靠性,影响通信质量。协同分集技术作为一种对抗衰落的有效手段,能提高无线通信性能,已经得到了广泛的研究和应用。为了更有效地利用信道资源,本文提出了基于机会式网络编码的协同机制。在两个节点A和B与一个中继节点R相互协同向基站D发送数据的仿真场景下,研究非协同通信机制、传统协同通信机制和机会式网络编码的协同通信机制下的系统中断概率。理论分析和系统仿真表明,当节点A与B之间的链路以及节点A,B到中继R的链路存在衰落的情况下,机会式网络编码的协同策略具有较好的性能。      

双向中继稀疏多径信道密钥生成与分发

本文利用时分系统无线多径信道的互易性,提取信道相位信息作为密钥,实现双向中继信道的密钥生成与分发。由于信道的稀疏多径特性,采用基于压缩感知的重构算法对信道状态信息进行估计。端节点采用正交导频设计,将双向中继信道分解为两个点对点的信道;而中继采用物理层网络编码的思想,广播导频和密钥比特的异或。这样,仅用2个时隙就实现了密钥生成与分发,还保证了密钥的安全,且无需预先进行密钥的分配。仿真结果表明,本文所提方案可以有效的实现双向中继信道的密钥生成与分发,保证了物理层的安全通信。      

非对称双向中继系统中的协作多址广播传输方案设计与数据率性能分析

在双向中继系统中,2个节点通过一个半双工中继交换信息,2个方向的数据率都会受到较差链路的制约。当节点位置变化或信道衰落造成,中继两端的信道质量不对称时,这将导致系统的和数据率下降。为了弥补较差链路带来的数据率损失,提出了一种新的三时隙协作多址广播传输方案,使得信道质量较好的源节点与中继节点进行协作传输,并且各节点充分利用各链路所支持的最大数据率进行传输,从而有效提高系统容量及加权和数据率。推导出新方案的容量上界以及解码转发模式下的可达数据率域,并对时隙及功率等资源进行优化分配。仿真结果表明,在加性白高斯和瑞利衰落信道下,新方案在非对称信道下的性能都大大优于已有方案。     

非对称协作通信中的时变功率分配算法

针对反射、散射影响下的非对称无线协作通信网络,提出了一种时变功率分配(Time Variant Power Allocation, TVPA)算法。根据无线协作网络中,各节点之间信道条件实时变化且不对称的特点,在信号传输过程中对信源节点和中继节点的发送信号功率进行优化分配。借助信道编码定理,将系统错误概率最小的非凸优化问题转化为最大化系统容量的凸优化问题来解。与固定功率分配(Fixed Power Allocation, FXPA)算法和平均功率分配(Average Power Allocation, AVPA)算法相比,该算法能充分利用无线信道的时变特性,重新分配功率以降低系统错误概率。在多种网络模型中的仿真结果表明,准静态瑞利衰落信道下,相比于FXPA算法,TVPA算法可获得多达5.5dB的比特错误概率性能增益。随着网络质量的进一步改善,该性能优势也逐步增大。      

一种基于源端网络编码和交替传输的中继协作方案

针对源节点通过两个中继向目的节点发送数据的无线通信系统,为了减小传统中继协作方案的复用损失,提出了一种将源端网络编码和交替传输有效结合起来的新方案,称为交替源端网络编码(SSNC)。该方案在源端每三个时隙对发送数据进行一次网络编码,并且两个中继在相邻的时隙中交替的发送和接收数据,每个时隙中,一个中继接收源端数据的同时另一个中继转发上一个时隙其接收到的数据给目的端。通过对该方案的中断概率和分集复用折中性能的推导和分析,发现该方案相对于传统的重复编码和分布式空时码方案在获得相同分集阶数的情况下有更高的传输效率,在实际的通信系统中可以兼顾性能和效率。仿真结果证实了我们的结论。      

基于网络编码的协作HARQ协议

该文基于网络编码技术提出了一种新的协作HARQ协议。在中继节点的协助下两个用户与基站进行通信。中继节点响应基站的重传请求,对两用户的增加冗余帧采用物理层网络编码即信号重叠调制技术进行处理,然后发送至基站。基站对接收信号采用多用户联合检测以及联合软判决译码。在平坦瑞利衰落信道下,该网络编码协作HARQ协议较传统的非协作HARQ协议可获得较大的性能改善,其性能接近没有采用网络编码的协作HARQ协议,且需要较少的硬件和带宽资源。     

An efficient network coded ARQ for multisource multidestination relay networks over mixed flat fading channels

This paper proposes a new reliable automatic repeat request (ARQ) transmission protocol for wireless multisource multidestination relay networks over mixed fading channels. Conventional application of ARQ protocols to retransmit lost or erroneous packets in relay networks can cause considerable delay latency with a significant increase in the number of retransmissions when networks consist of multiple sources and multiple destinations. To address this issue, a new ARQ protocol based on network coding (NC) is proposed where the relay detects packets from different transmission sources, then uses NC to combine and forward lost packets to their destinations. An efficient means for the retransmission of all lost packets is proposed through two packet-combination algorithms for retransmissions at the relay and sources. The paper derives mathematical formulation of transmission bandwidth for this new NC-based ARQ protocol and compares analytical and simulation results with some other ARQ protocols over both mixed Rayleigh and Rician flat fading channel. The mixed fading model permits investigation of two typical fading scenarios where the relay is located in the neighbourhood of either the sources or the destinations. The transmission bandwidth results show that the proposed NC-based ARQ protocol demonstrates superior performance over other existing ARQ schemes.     

机会式网络编码的系统中断性能

该文在两用户通过一个中继节点的协作向基站传送数据的无线通信环境下,研究了基于网络编码的中继策略。与通常的用户到中继的信道是可靠的这一假设不同,该文假设所有的信道都存在衰落现象,比较了复制重传中继策略、确定性网络编码策略和机会式网络编码策略对系统中断概率的影响。仿真结果说明了机会式网络编码中继策略具有较好的性能。     

Wireless network coding in slotted aloha with two-hop unbalanced traffic

This paper deals with two representative unbalanced traffic cases for two-hop wireless relay access systems employing network coding and a slotted ALOHA protocol. Network coding is a recent and highly regarded technology for capacity enhancement with multiple unicast and multisource multicast networks. We have analyzed the performance of network coding on a two-hop wireless relay access system employing the slotted ALOHA under a balanced bidirectional traffic. The relay nodes will generally undergo this unbalanced multidirectional traffic but the impact of this unbalanced traffic on network coding has not been analyzed. This paper provides closed-form expressions for the throughput and packet delay for two-hop unbalanced bidirectional traffic cases both with and without network coding even if the buffers on nodes are unsaturated. The analytical results are mainly derived by solving queueing systems for the buffer behavior at the relay node. The results show that the transmission probability of the relay node is a design parameter that is crucial to maximizing the achievable throughput of wireless network coding in slotted ALOHA on two-hop unbalanced traffic cases. Furthermore, we show that the throughput is enhanced even if the traffic at the relay node is unbalanced.     

在无线双向通信中基于CRC-NC抵抗污染攻击方案

本文提出一种CRC-NC (Cyclic Redundancy Check-Network Coding）方案．在无线双向通信网络中,该方案通过结合网络编码和循环冗余校验码技术,对接收到的消息的进行可信度检测,能有效地降低目的节点解码误码率,并抵抗污染攻击．该方案中节点与节点在中继节点的辅助下相互发送消息,并利用对方节点和中继节点发送的消息解码．若节点直接从对方节点获得的消息中有S个消息正确,该节点将对方节点发送的消息和中继节点发送的消息进行组合,并计算组合消息的汉明重量,从中选择K-S个最小的汉明重量所对应的由中继节点发送的消息解码．通过仿真结果表明,与基于随机选取方案和加密方案相比,该方案能有效的降低节点解码差错概率．