Some metrological problems of analytical measurements

Methods for certifying verification facilities and the metrological characteristics of analytical instruments are considered. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 62–67, January, 2009.     

Numerical study of a method for measuring small linear and angular displacements by laser interferometers

A measurement method for small linear and angular displacements with laser interferometers is developed; a mathematical model is presented for measurements taking account the vector nature of laser radiation. Results of a calculation-theoretical study on the basis of this method are presented. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 9–13, January, 2007.     

Features of using multimedia computers in frequency-numerical measurement provisions for linear displacements

Methods for frequency-numerical transformation and their features in processing frequency-modulated signals of measurement converters, and also the use of methods of successive counting and harmonic analysis for processing the signal of a unified string converter are considered. The effect of the equipment used on the results of measuring signal frequency by means of dispersion analysis methods is studied. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 26–29, October, 2006.     

Comparison of uncertainty estimates in international metrological and ecological guides

Comparisons have been made on the international ecological guidelines CORINAIR, IPCC, and the GHG Protocol, which implement evaluation of the uncertainties in pollution discharges to the atmosphere, greenhouse gases, and metrological guidelines on estimating the uncertainty of GUM measurements. The main sources of uncertainty are identified and their values are estimated together with their contribution to the general uncertainty in the estimation of greenhouse gas discharges. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 22–26, May, 2007.     

The problems and state of measurements

  On April 21–25, 2008, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University hosted the 10th All-Russia Conference on “Problems and State of Measurements,” which was dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the Faculty of Machine Industry Technologies. It was attended by representatives of colleges: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zhukovskii VVIA, MAI and Stankin Moscow State Technical Universities, Goryachkin MGAU, Ural (Ekaterinburg), Orel, Perm, Tula, and Penza State Universities, the Russian Academy for the State Service under the Russian Federation President, the Maimond Classical Academy, the Novomoskowsk Institute of the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Engineering University, Kharkov Electronics National University; and also research institutes in the RAS system: the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mechanics, the Lebedev Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, the Trapeznikov Institute of Control Problems, the Institute of Psychology, IMASh and the Blagonravov Nizhnii Novgorod branch of IMASh, and IPMASh (St. Petersburg); the Malaya Therapy Institute (Ukraine) and sectoral institutes: the Astrofizika Scientific and Production Association, Snegirev NITI, VNIIMS, NIIizmereniya, Moscow Institute of Expert Evaluation and Testing, LITMAShDETAL’, and the Omskenergoremont OAO PRP. In this number of the journal and the next one, we present a selection of articles from the conference. We also publish a survey article by the chairman of the organizing committee of the conference, Professor M. I. Kiselev. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 3–5, October, 2008.     

Present state and future prospects of metrological support for dielectric measurements

The paper discusses the established system of metrological support of dielectric measurements in Russia and in several industrial countries with a developed market economy, the principal characteristics of similar Russian and foreign standard facilities for dielectric measurements and the approach to metrological support of such measurements in national metrological institutes of Russia, Great Britain, Germany, and the USA.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 34–40, December, 1994.     

Trends and problems in the development of metrological support for oceanographic measurements

Various aspects and problems of contemporary metrological support for oceanographic measurements are discussed. Approaches to the solution of the problems are indicated, along with current trends and future prospects for the further development of metrological support in the area of interest.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 38–39, January, 1994.     

Measuring simultaneously linear and angular acceleration during a crash

The new translational/angular accelerometer presented in this paper consists of a pair of identical preloaded quartz shear elements inside a metal housing. Integrated impedance converters transform the piezoelectric signals to low impedance voltages. The rugged sensor is mounted on the surface of the structure under test by fixing it with four screws. It allows the simultaneous measurement of translational and angular acceleration. Due to its construction, the small and light weight sensor is suited for shock application, e.g. during crashes. An example of linear and angular acceleration acting on a dummy head during a crash is presented.     

Errors in heart measurements and main requirements for metrological support of heat-energy metering devices

This article examines metrological aspects of the problem of improving the accuracy of measurement of heat energy and reducing the imbalances between suppliers and consumers. Metrological requirements are formulated for different blocks of a measurement system along with standards for their substantiation. The metrological characteristics of the components that meter heat, energy are calculated by computer programs on the basis of the actual systematic errors of the corresponding blocks. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 36–39, January, 1999.     

Procedure for prescribing the characteristics of measurement conversion for a frequency-digital device in order to measure linear dimensions

Questions of constructing, analyzing, and improving the metrological characteristics of a measurement system based on a frequency sensor and a multimedia personal computer are considered. Basic attention is devoted to automatic selection of measurement transducer characteristics, a reduction in the systematic error component, and expansion of the measurement range. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 23–25, December, 2005.