Effect of silicon and aluminium in ferrite on tensile and impact properties

Two ferritic interstitial-free steels with approximately the same amount of solid solution strengthening by addition of 2?wt-% silicon and 4?wt-% aluminium are investigated using quasi-static tensile and dynamic impact tests. The addition of 2?wt-% silicon (2Si) results in brittle fracture in V-notched Charpy impact tests at ambient temperature, whilst the 4?wt-% aluminium-containing (4Al) steel has high absorbed energy of 320?±?12?J?cm^?2. In addition, the 4Al steel has a ductile-to-brittle-transition temperature (DBTT) ～60°C lower than the 2Si steel. It is proposed that the addition of silicon suppresses dislocation cross-slip at high strain rate and is responsible for the observed cleavage fracture and high DBTT in the 2Si steel. The ease of dislocation slip in the 4Al steel increases the impact toughness.     

Effect of the dispersion of self-healing microcapsules on tensile properties of microcapsules filled composites

为改善亚乙基降冰片烯（ENB）自修复微胶囊在环氧树脂（Epoxy）中的分散性,采用KH560偶联剂对ENB微胶囊表面进行处理,探讨KH560改性ENB微胶囊（KH560-ENB）在Epoxy材料中的分散性及KH560-ENB环氧树脂材料（KH560-ENB／Epoxy）的拉伸性能。结果表明：对未改性的ENB微胶囊树脂复合材料（ENB／Epoxy）,当ENB微胶囊与Epoxy质量比小于或等于5％时,ENB／Epoxy的拉伸断裂强度、拉伸模量以及断裂伸长率均随ENB微胶囊与Epoxy质量比的增加而降低,但经不同温度预固化后,ENB／Epoxy复合材料拉伸指标初始下降速率均不同;KH560-ENB微胶囊在Epoxy中累积分布线性拟合相关系数为0．9945,接近于1,说明KH560-ENB微胶囊在Epoxy中分散性好,且KH560-ENB／Epoxy复合材料的拉伸断裂强度提高19．1％,拉伸模量提高6．6％;对KH560-ENB／Epoxy复合材料的SEM断面观察结果表明,KH560-ENB微胶囊与Epoxy界面粘接良好。     

Compressive and tensile properties of Ar filled carbon nano-peapods

In order to investigate the compressive and tensile mechanical properties of the carbon nano-peapods filled with Ar atoms outside, inside, or both outside and inside their C₆₀ fullerenes, the MD (molecular dynamics) method was used to simulate the compression and tension of the carbon peapods. According to the calculated results the effects of the filled pattern and amount of Ar atom on the mechanical properties of the carbon peapods were discussed systematically. It is shown that (1) the Ar filled nano-peapods have better compressive properties than the unfilled one, and the more Ar atoms are filled, the better the compressive properties are, (2) when the same amount of Ar atoms are filled, the carbon peapod with Ar atoms both outside and inside its C₆₀ fullerenes has the best compressive properties and the one with Ar atoms only outside has the worst compressive properties, and (3) the filled pattern and amount of Ar atom seem to have little effect on the tensile properties of the carbon peapods.     

超声外场对SiCp/7085复合材料界面及拉伸性能的影响

为研究超声辅助制备工艺对SiC_p/7085复合材料界面结合及拉伸性能的影响,用机械搅拌、机械搅拌+超声施振、超声施振3种工艺制备体积分数为10%的SiC_p/7085复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)研究各工艺对SiC_p/7085复合材料的界面微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.实验结果表明:机械搅拌工艺促进大颗粒(80μm)与熔体结合,但产生了粗大Al4C3界面产物包裹层,且难改善小颗粒(37μm)与熔体界面结合差的问题;超声施振能促进界面反应,生成尺寸细小、排列规整、紧密的Mg O、Mg Al2O4界面强化相覆盖层,有效改善小颗粒与熔体界面结合;相比于7085铝合金,机械搅拌不能改善SiC_p/7085复合材料拉伸性能,而超声施振的加入能显著提升材料拉伸性能.     

Effect of nanoparticles on tensile,impact and fatigue properties of fibre reinforced plastics

Advanced composite, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), has been favoured for certain aerospace, military, marine and automotive applications. Polymer nanocomposites containing layered silicates have attracted much attention. These exhibit increased modulus, decreased thermal expansion coefficient, increased solvent resistance and enhanced ionic conductivity when compared to the polymer alone. Here we have developed eight different combinations of composites FRP with nanoclay (montmorillonite) by layered manufacturing techniques (LM) and measured the mechanical properties. The measurement showed that the tensile strength, impact strength and fatigue life are greatly increased. A plausible explanation for high increase of properties has also been discussed.     

自修复微胶囊分散对复合材料拉伸性能的影响

为改善亚乙基降冰片烯(ENB)自修复微胶囊在环氧树脂(Epoxy)中的分散性, 采用KH560偶联剂对ENB微胶囊表面进行处理, 探讨KH560改性ENB 微胶囊(KH560-ENB)在Epoxy材料中的分散性及KH560-ENB环氧树脂材料(KH560-ENB/Epoxy)的拉伸性能。结果表明: 对未改性的ENB微胶囊树脂复合材料(ENB/Epoxy), 当ENB微胶囊与Epoxy质量比小于或等于5%时, ENB/Epoxy的拉伸断裂强度、拉伸模量以及断裂伸长率均随ENB微胶囊与Epoxy质量比的增加而降低, 但经不同温度预固化后, ENB/Epoxy复合材料拉伸指标初始下降速率均不同; KH560-ENB微胶囊在Epoxy中累积分布线性拟合相关系数为0.9945, 接近于1, 说明KH560-ENB微胶囊在Epoxy中分散性好, 且KH560-ENB/Epoxy复合材料的拉伸断裂强度提高19.1%, 拉伸模量提高6.6%; 对KH560-ENB/Epoxy复合材料的SEM断面观察结果表明, KH560-ENB微胶囊与Epoxy界面粘接良好。     

Effect of strain rate on behaviour of Fe3Al under tensile impact

The effect of strain rate on the behaviour of Fe₃Al has been investigated experimentally in the range 90–1300 s_-1 under tensile impact. The experimental results indicate that Fe₃Al is strain-rate sensitive and its critical strain in maximum stress increases with increasing strain rate. According to the test results for Fe₃Al in air and water, it is confirmed that environmental embrittlement induced the fracture of Fe₃Al under tensile impact. With testing at faster strain rate, further hydrogen embrittlement is suppressed. This is consistent with the micrography of the fracture surface in Fe₃Al specimens, which indicates that these iron aluminides are intrinsically quite ductile. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of interfacial bonding strength on tensile ductility of multilayered steel composites

The effect of the bonding strength of the laminate interface on ductility in the tensile deformation of multilayered steel composites was investigated. Multilayered steel composites consisting of alternating layers of as-quenched martensitic and austenitic steels were prepared with various bonding strengths, ranging from weak bonding obtained by alpha-cyanoacrylate adhesive to strong bonding obtained by cold rolling with a subsequent heat treatment. Tensile tests and peel tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between tensile behavior and bonding strength at the interface. It was demonstrated that tensile ductility could be markedly enhanced as the bonding strength increased, and that three types of tensile fracture behavior were identified depending on the bonding strength of the interface.     

Preparation and dielectric properties of a polyurethane elastomer filled with resol-derived ordered mesoporous carbon

This study deals with the preparation and dielectric properties of polyurethane (PU) elastomer films by resol-derived ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) nanopowder incorporation in the PU polymer matrix. Resol-derived OMC with a 2D hexagonal mesoporous carbon framework is used as conducting fillers to achieve homogeneous dispersion and favorable interfacial interactions in the polymer matrix. The dielectric properties depend on the applied field frequency and the carbon filler weight fraction. The carbon fraction has little effect on the relative permittivity. The relative permittivity of all the PU-OMC composites increases with the decline of frequency. Incorporating a small amount of OMC into the PU polymer had no influence on the dielectric loss. Along with the increasing carbon fraction above the percolation threshold, dielectric loss of PU-OMC composites increases exponentially in the low frequency range. PU-0.75 wt% OMC composite possesses the best dielectric properties, and the obtained relative permittivity and dielectric loss at 1 kHz is 9.59 and 0.03018, respectively.     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅰ.制备和拉伸性能

考察了高界面压应力对不相容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物拉伸性能的影响.高界面压应力是共混物低温成型(PE的成型温度)时,分散相与基体从加工温度冷却到室温过程中基体的收缩比分散相粒子大产生的.尽管PET/PE和PC/PE共混物极不相容,但拉伸强度和模量随着PET和PC含量增加而增加.PET与PC含量相同时,PC/PE的拉伸强度和模量高于PET/PE的.采用Takayanangi方程计算共混物的拉伸模量时,具有高界面压应力的PC/PE共混物的拉伸强度高于界面有良好粘结的共混物的理论值,表明在不添加增容剂时,可通过控制加工条件改善共混物界面相互作用,提高共混材料的性能.     

Effect of carbon nanofibers on tensile and compressive characteristics of hollow particle filled composites

The effect of presence of carbon nanofibers on the tensile and compressive properties of hollow particle filled composites is studied. Such composites, called syntactic foams, are known to have high specific modulus and low moisture absorption capabilities and are finding applications as core materials in aerospace and marine sandwich structures. The results of this study show that addition of 0.25 wt.% carbon nanofibers results in improvement in tensile modulus and strength compared to similar syntactic foam compositions that did not contain nanofibers. Compressive modulus decreased and strength remained largely unchanged for most compositions. Tensile and compressive failure features are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.     

Improvement of electrostrictive properties of a polyether-based polyurethane elastomer filled with conductive carbon black

The electrostrictive properties of a polyether-based polyurethane elastomer and its corresponding composites filled with conductive carbon black (CB) were studied by measuring the thickness strain S_Z induced by external electric fields E. For films with thicknesses of approximately 50 μm, the apparent electrostrictive coefficient M was measured at low electric fields, E ? 4 V/μm, and different CB contents (up to a volume fraction of 2%). Dielectric measurements in AC mode were performed in order to determine the percolation threshold f_c, which was 1.25 v%. This optimal volume fraction yielded a remarkable threefold increase in M, associated with an increase of the dielectric constant by a factor 7, in comparison with pure PU. This enhancement of the electric field-induced strain and apparent electrostriction was mainly triggered by an increase of the dielectric constant, even if the intrinsic electrostriction coefficient Q was decreased. The nanocomposites thus seem to be very attractive for low-frequency electromechanical applications. Above f_c, their conductivity was raised and their electrostrictive activity lost. Finally, there is a good agreement between the experimentally determined dependence on the CB content of the M coefficient and the theoretical estimation calculated from dielectric and mechanical measurements.     

PTFE/CaCO3杂化中空纤维膜制备及其界面孔研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和硼酸(H3 BO3)的凝胶体为纺丝载体,由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)分散乳液通过凝胶纺丝法制备PTFE/PVA初生中空纤维,经烧结去除载体,得到聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜.通过在成膜体系中引入纳米无机粒子碳酸钙(CaCO3),经后拉伸得到具有界面微孔结构的PTFE/CaCO3杂化中空纤维膜.研究了PVA和H3 BO3的络合机理,并讨论了CaCO3对杂化中空纤维膜性能及结构的影响.通过对膜的表面形貌观察表明所得PTFE中空纤维膜是一种均质膜,形成的界面微孔结构不同于PTFE双向拉伸产生的纤维-结点状裂隙孔结构,界面微孔的数量和孔径随着后拉伸倍数的增加呈增大的趋势.     

Effect of thermal ageing on hardness,tensile and impact properties of an alumina microsphere-reinforced aluminium metal-matrix composite

Thermal ageing studies have been carried out with an alumina microsphere-reinforced 6061 aluminium metal-metrix composite (MMC). A solution treatment temperature of 530°C for 1.5 h and ageing temperature 175°C with ageing time ranging between 0 and 12 h have been used. It was observed that the hardness achieves a peak value in about 8 h; the ultimate tensile strength shows an increase with increasing ageing time, and reaches a plateau at about 10 h. On the other hand, elongation to failure and impact properties show a sharp decline at approximately 4 h of ageing time. Also, a limited amount of experiments using 175°C/8 h ageing after solution treatment at 510, 490, 470 and 430 °C for 1.5 h show that the hardness of the MMC deceases steadily as the solution treatment temperature is decreased.     

表面TiO2包膜对制备CaCO3／TiO2复合材料颜料性能的影响

采用机械力化学方法，通过对碳酸钙进行表面TiO2包膜制备了CaCO3／TiO2复合材料，对CaCO3／TiO2复合材料的颜料性能、CaCO3和TiO2的结合形态与反应机理进行了研究。结果表明：CaCO3／TiO2复合材料形成了具有类似钛白粉的颜料性质，遮盖力为钛白粉的90％，吸油量和紫外线吸收功能与钛白粉相同；CaCO3／TiO2复合材料中TiO2在CaCO3颗粒表面形成均匀包覆和二者通过各自表面羟基形成化学结合是导致其呈现钛白粉颜料性质的内在机制。     

超细空心微珠表面修饰碳酸钙的制备与表征

采用表面沉积法对超细空心微珠进行无机修饰,在空心微珠表面形成了均匀且不连续的CaCO3膜,采用SEM、EDX、XRD等方法对修饰前后可能修饰微珠进行了分析和表征。结果表明,修饰后空心微珠外观颜色由灰黑色变为灰白色;修饰前空心微珠粒径为1.8μm,修饰后空心微珠平均粒径为1.94μm;修饰后空心微珠的比表面积为2.4m2/g,增大幅度为26.3%;修饰后空心微珠密度增大,通过公式测算修饰后空心微珠的壁厚增加了30%;最后采用分散剂将空心微珠分散到500SN基础油中,发现修饰后空心微珠在基础油中的分散稳定性能明显优于原始空心微珠。     

纳米CaCO3改性HDPE复合材料的性能研究

利用熔融共混法制备HDPE/纳米CaCO3复合材料,研究了纳米CaCO3含量对HDPE基体性能的影响。实验结果表明:加入纳米CaCO3后,HDPE基体的力学性能得到提高。其中,随着纳米CaCO3含量增加,复合材料拉伸强度提高,冲击强度、断裂伸长率有所下降。当加入含量为4%时复合材料具有较好的综合力学性能。此后随着纳米Ca-CO3含量的继续增加复合材料性能降低。同时加入纳米CaCO3后,复合材料的结晶起始温度提高,结晶峰变窄,熔融热晗增大,结晶度提高。     

聚乙二醇改性相变微胶囊-木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与热性能

通过原位聚合法制备了以正十二烷醇(DA)为芯材,密胺树脂(MF)或聚乙二醇改性密胺树脂(PMF)为壁材的相变微胶囊DA@MF和DA@PMF,并将相变微胶囊添加到木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料(WF/HDPE)中,制备了具有相变蓄热能力的DA@MF-WF/HDPE和DA@PMF-WF/HDPE复合材料。采用DSC、TG和红外热成像等方法对DA@MF、DA@PMF和相变微胶囊-WF/HDPE的热性能进行了分析与表征。测试结果表明,DA@PMF的结晶和熔融热焓值分别提高了35.0J/g和21.5J/g,快速失重温度提高了19.9℃;蓄热能力测试表明,DA@PMF成功添加至WF/HDPE中,且在制备过程中损失较小;DA@PMF-WF/HDPE的相变温度(27.2、11.3℃)、相变潜热(31.6、20.3J/g)和热稳定性(256.9℃,DA开始失重)等性能表明其具备成为相变蓄热材料的潜力。