A method of generalized projections (MGP) ghost correction algorithm for interleaved EPI

Investigations into the method of generalized projections (MGP) as a ghost correction method for interleaved EPI are described. The technique is image-based and does not require additional reference scans. The algorithm was found to be more effective if a priori knowledge was incorporated to reduce the degrees of freedom, by modeling the ghosting as arising from a small number of phase offsets. In simulations with phase variation between consecutive shots for n-interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI), ghost reduction was achieved for n = 2 only. With no phase variation between shots, ghost reduction was obtained with n up to 16. Incorporating a relaxation parameter was found to improve convergence. Dependence of convergence on the region of support was also investigated. A fully automatic version of the method was developed, using results from the simulations. When tested on in vivo 2-, 16-, and 32-interleaved spin-echo EPI data, the method achieved deghosting and image restoration close to that obtained by both reference scan and odd/even filter correction, although some residual artifacts remained.     

An inverse problem approach to the correction of distortion in EPI images

Magnetic resonance imaging using the echo planar imaging (EPI) technique is particularly sensitive to main (B0) field inhomogeneities. The primary effect is geometrical distortion in the phase encoding direction. In this paper, we present a method based on the conjugate gradient algorithm to correct for this geometrical distortion, by solving the EPI imaging equation. Two versions are presented: one that attempts to solve the full four-dimensional (4-D) imaging equation, and one that independently solves for each profile along the blip encoding direction. Results are presented for both phantom and in vivo brain EPI images and compared with other proposed correction methods.     

Linear distortion correction using a feedforward system

The application of the feedforward amplifier linearization technique to the removal of both harmonic and intermodulation distortions is well understood and has been discussed in the literature. An additional benefit of the feedforward technique, which has received relatively little attention, is that of so-called linear distortion removal. Linear distortion is a term used to describe the nonideal gain and phase response (e.g., frequency response ripple) present in all practical amplifiers, and it is possible to significantly improve these parameters, in a practical application, using the feedforward technique. This paper discusses the improvements in this area, which may be achieved by utilizing the feedforward technique, demonstrates mathematically how they arise, and presents both simulation and practical results to demonstrate the effect for various types of gain and phase response nonlinearity     

前斜视SAR成像几何形变校正方法研究

针对弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像存在运动参数抖动的问题,分析了不规则运动造成图像几何失真的机理,提出了一种基于多项式逼近的弹载SAR线性调频(LFM)信号前斜视成像几何形变校正方法。挂飞试验证明,该方法能从雷达回波数据中准确消除几何形变,提高成像质量。     

AN EXPANSION AND CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR PHOTOELECTRIC IMAGE WITH GEOMETRIC DISTORTION

A creepy hotoelectric endoscopy system with good performance is studied,and an expansion and correction algorithm for a compressed photoelectric image with serious geometric distortion is presented.The algorithm can not only correct the geometric geometric distortion,but also restore the gray-level distribution by means of ternary convolution algorithm.The details and the outline in the image are very clear.It is proved to be of high performance in practice.     

激光打标中振镜几何畸变误差多项式拟合校正

为了消除激光打标系统中由2维振镜物镜前扫描引起的打标点几何畸变误差,分析误差产生的原因,在振镜扫描角度(,)理想计算公式的基础上,采用最小二乘曲线拟合的方法,得到用打标点坐标(x,y)表示的补偿(,)误差的拟合多项式,从而对激光打标点的畸变误差进行了校正。通过校正,可以将激光打标点的最大几何畸变误差由3.2mm降至20m以内,且计算量小、速度快。结果表明,该误差校正算法可以满足高速、高精度激光打标的需要;同时可通过改变物镜焦距计算出新的补偿公式,以应用于不同参量的激光打标系统。     

Accurate alignment of functional EPI data to anatomical MRI using a physics-based distortion model

Mapping of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to conventional anatomical MRI is a valuable step in the interpretation of fMRI activations. One of the main limits on the accuracy of this alignment arises from differences in the geometric distortion induced by magnetic field inhomogeneity. This paper describes an approach to the registration of echo planar image (EPI) data to conventional anatomical images which takes into account this difference in geometric distortion. We make use of an additional spin echo EPI image and use the known signal conservation in spin echo distortion to derive a specialized multimodality nonrigid registration algorithm. We also examine a plausible modification using log-intensity evaluation of the criterion to provide increased sensitivity in areas of low EPI signal. A phantom-based imaging experiment is used to evaluate the behavior of the different criteria, comparing nonrigid displacement estimates to those provided by a imagnetic field mapping acquisition. The algorithm is then applied to a range of nine brain imaging studies illustrating global and local improvement in the anatomical alignment and localization of fMRI activations.     

一种扫描图像几何畸变的数字校正方法

由于胶订书籍不能完全平铺于扫描仪的玻璃板上，从而使得扫描图像产生非线性几何畸变，为此，提出一种对此类畸变图像进行横向畸变数字校正的方法，并详细介绍了实现该数字校正的算法。实验结果表明，此算法能够大大减小横边误差，使畸变图像得到很好的复原。     

Development of a ghost cancel reference signal for TV broadcasting

A method for reducing ghost interference of TV signals is described. As part of a ghost canceler that is designed to eliminate ghost signals inside a signal receiver, the authors developed a ghost cancel reference (GCR) signal as part of the EDTV (extended definition television) system. In this system, a bar signal with a rise waveform of sin x/x is inserted as a reference signal into the vertical blanking period using a special send sequence on the transmitter's side. With this GCR, the ghost canceler built into a TV receiver is able to detect ghost signals with a delay time of about 45 μs or less (i.e. from the limit of subjective observation to that of objective observation). This GCR method has been adopted as Japan's standard for broadcasting and was introduced in the fall of 1989     

CT scan contrast enhancement using singular value decomposition and adaptive gamma correction

We propose in this paper a new enhancement algorithm dedicated to dark computed tomography (CT) scan based on discrete wavelet transform with singular value decomposition (DWT–SVD) followed by adaptive gamma correction (AGC). Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is considered to decompose the input dark CT image in four sub-bands. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used in order to compute the corresponding singular value matrix of low–low (LL) sub-band image. The enhanced LL sub-band is determined by scaling the singular value matrix of original LL sub-band by an adequate correction factor, followed by inverse SVD. For a further contrast improvement, the new enhanced LL sub-band image is processed using an AGC algorithm. Finally, the obtained LL sub-band image undergoes inverse DWT together with the unprocessed sub-bands to generate the final enhanced image. This proposed method has the advantage of being fully automatic and could be applied for dark input images with either low or moderate contrast. Different dark CT images are considered to compare the performance of our proposed method to three other enhancement techniques using both objective and subjective assessments. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm consistently produces good contrast enhancement, with best brightness and edges details conservation and with minimum added distortions to the enhanced CT images.     

全景视频摄像机的非参数化几何校正与拼接

提出了一种新的多相机全景视频拼接几何校正拼接方法。先用全景视频摄像机组采集标准标定场的稀疏特征点阵,利用自适应网格细分技术把采集的图像和标定场坐标细分到像素级对应,则全景视频的几何校正和拼接可以通过直接映射得到。在摄像机阵列相对位置固定时,可以一次校正多次使用。本文方法避免了普通拼接方法的特征点检测、匹配优化等参数求解过程,尤其是采用具有较大畸变的广角镜头和相邻相机视场重叠较少时更能体现出其优越性,并可以很容易地迁移到类似的应用中。通过一个原型系统,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

一种校正畸变图像边缘的改进算法

在已知畸变参数的条件下,针对轮廓简单的畸变图像,提出了综合校正法.该方法通过先直接后间接的空间变换方式来建立理想图像与畸变图像的坐标映射关系.根据图像边缘直线的属性即斜率及截距,来验证综合校正与直接校正的校正精度;同时对综合校正和间接校正的计算量及实时性进行比较.实验结果表明:综合法的校正精度在边缘直线的斜率方面比直接校正提高了的8倍,在边缘直线的截距上提高了的100倍;与间接校正相比,综合校正的实时性好,计算量小.     

基于页面几何失真的打印机来源认证

打印文档中含有可用于打印机来源认证的固有特征,固有特征的提取是打印机来源认证的关键。本文发现,文档页面存在的几何失真现象可以用于打印机取证研究。基于此,采用了投影变换几何失真模型对其进行建模。通过预处理提取特征点对集合,使用最小二乘法求解出投影变换几何失真模型参数,并利用该模型参数获得残差矩阵。由于模型的部分参数和模型的残差矩阵均包含了打印机的固有特征,通过对所选模型参数进行分类和对残差矩阵进行分析比对,最终实现文档的打印机来源认证。在包含10台打印机的实验中,本文方法对样本的分类正确率为100%。     

下视景象几何畸变的余辉仿真

基于分析因俯仰角、滚转角、偏航角等无人机姿态角变化对下视景象余辉处理图产生的影响,在构建下视景象成像几何畸变数学模型的基础上,本文阐述了一种下视景像姿态畸变的余辉处理的模拟仿真方法,以获得规律性变化的余辉线段。通过对随机亮点图进行不同姿态角的余辉仿真,得到余辉仿真图。仿真实验结果验证了该方法的正确性,不同无人机姿态的余辉仿真得到特征各异的余辉图。     

空间外差干涉图调制项误差分析与校正

空间外差光谱仪一体化制作过程的光学缺陷会导致光学仪器采集到的干涉图存在误差,将仪器的相位误差和非均匀误差共同作用下对干涉图产生的影响称为调制项误差.结合空间外差干涉图与光谱之间的对应关系,基于傅里叶变换的卷积特性提出了一种干涉图调制项误差校正算法以达到同时修正干涉图相位误差和非均匀误差的目的,提高光谱反演精度.对比...     

光场相机建模与畸变校正改进方法

光场相机作为一种新型的成像系统,可以直接从一次曝光的图像中得到三维信息。为了能够更充分有效地利用光场数据包含的角度和位置信息,完成更加精准的场景深度计算,从而提升光场相机的三维重建的精度,需要实现精确的几何建模,并精确标定其模型参数。该方法从薄透镜模型和小孔成像模型出发,将主透镜建模为薄透镜模型,将微透镜建模为小孔成像模型,结合光场相机双平面模型,将每个提取到的特征点与其在三维空间中的射线建立联系,详细解释了内参矩阵中每个参数的物理意义,以及标定过程中初值确定的过程,并在镜头径向畸变模型的基础上进一步应用了相机镜头的切向畸变模型以及基于射线重投影误差的非线性优化方法,改进了光场相机的标定方法。实验显示,该方法的RMS射线重投影误差为0.332 mm,与经典的Dansereau标定方法相比,进行非线性优化后得到的射线重投影误差精度提升了8%。该方法详细分析的场景点与特定像素索引的推导过程对光场相机的标定具有重要的研究意义,为光场相机光学模型的建立与初始化标定奠定了基础。     

Method for crosscorrelating images in the presence of geometric distortion

The conventional crosscorrelation function (XCF) used in temporal and spatial displacement measurement is unable to provide satisfactory results when linear distortion is also present in the signals. A 'nested' correlation function (NCF) is proposed which produces accurate results, when the distortion is dispersive, with negligible computational overhead.<>     

Validation of object-induced MR distortion correction for framelessstereotactic neurosurgery

Spatial fidelity is a paramount issue in image guided neurosurgery. Until recently, three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) has been the primary modality because it provides fast volume capture with pixel level (1 mm) accuracy. While three-dimensional magnetic resonance (3D MR) images provide superior anatomic information, published image capture protocols are time consuming and result in scanner- and object-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities which raise inaccuracy above pixel size. Using available scanner calibration software, a volumetric algorithm to correct for object-based geometric distortion, and a Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH) 3D MR-scan protocol, the authors were able to reduce mean CT to MR skin-adhesed fiducial marker registration error from 1.36 to 1.09 mm. After dropping the worst one or two of six fiducial markers, mean registration error dropped to 0.62 mm (subpixel accuracy). Three dimensional object-induced error maps present highest 3D MR spatial infidelity at the tissue interfaces (skin/air, scalp/skull) where frameless stereotactic fiducial markers are commonly applied. The algorithm produced similar results in two patient 3D MR-scans     

空间高分辨率光学系统几何畸变标定技术

遥感相机光学系统畸变系数作为影响相机在轨成像质量的关键因素,其检测精度一直以来都是遥感相机研制过程中的核心环节。传统的测角法主要依靠高精度二维转台,实现了光学系统视场角与像高之间的精准对应,该方法对测试设备和测试环境要求苛刻。随着相机焦距、口径和体积的增大,对于转台设备的尺寸与测量精度也日渐提升,单纯依靠提升测试设备性能无法满足后续各类高性能遥感相机的研制需求,尤其对于垂直装调类超大口径空间高分辨率光学系统,该方法不可行。在传统精密测角法的基础上,提出一种基于干涉原理的空间高分辨率光学系统几何畸变标定技术,相比于传统的精密测角法,该方法在同等测试精度的基础上,具备更广泛的适用性,其不再受限于测试设备的尺寸与精度限制,可同时满足各种类型遥感相机的畸变测试需求。文中详细介绍了该畸变测试方的基本原理、测试方法与误差链路,并对该畸变测试方法进行了应用验证,将结果与传统畸变测试方法进行对照,表明该方法的测试精度满足遥感相机的研制要求且适用范围更广,对航天长焦距大口径遥感相机研制及畸变测试有参考借鉴意义。     

Videoendoscopic distortion correction and its application to virtual guidance of endoscopy

Modern video-based endoscopes offer physicians a wide-angle field of view (FOV) for minimally invasive procedures. Unfortunately, inherent barrel distortion prevents accurate perception of range. This makes measurement and distance judgment difficult and causes difficulties in emerging applications, such as virtual guidance of endoscopic procedures. Such distortion also arises in other wide FOV camera circumstances. This paper presents a distortion-correction technique that can automatically calculate correction parameters, without precise knowledge of horizontal and vertical orientation. The method is applicable to any camera-distortion correction situation. Based on a least-squares estimation, our proposed algorithm considers line fits in both FOV directions and gives a globally consistent set of expansion coefficients and an optimal image center. The method is insensitive to the initial orientation of the endoscope and provides more exhaustive FOV correction than previously proposed algorithms. The distortion-correction procedure is demonstrated for endoscopic video images of a calibration test pattern, a rubber bronchial training device, and real human circumstances. The distortion correction is also shown as a necessary component of an image-guided virtual-endoscopy system that matches endoscope images to corresponding rendered three-dimensional computed tomography views.