Dynamic response characteristics of seismic isolation systems for building structures

Isolation is an effective method of reducing effects of seismic events on building structures. Steel-reinforced elastomeric isolator (SREI) is one kind of isolation system which is used extensively, but there are some problems associated with its use, such as cost and weight. Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI) has been developed in an attempt to solve the problems of high cost and heavy weight for SREI. In this study, mechanical properties for the SREI and the FREI are investigated. Systematic dynamic response analyses are performed for three different models such as a fixed based, an SREI based and an FREI based low-story building structures. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic response analysis results for each model are compared in terms of displacement, drift, acceleration and shear force in this study. In the two-dimensional dynamic response analysis, the SREI and the FREI based structures are proven to be the more effective isolation systems against seismic events by comparing with the fixed based one. As a result, the FREI has shown better isolation performances than that of the SREI. Furthermore, to extract the characteristics of the FREI on building structure resisting the seismic effects, two models of three-dimensional framed structure with fixed bases and FREI isolated bases are built, respectively. After the dynamic response analysis of these two structures subjected to bi-directional ground motions, the analyzed results are compared with each other. It is shown that the FREI could effectively absorb the seismic energy, and decreases the destructive effects acting on a building structure due to ground horizontal motions that could occur in an earthquake. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seockhyun Kim Beom-Soo Kang received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Pusan National University in 1981 and his M.S. in Aerospace Engineering from KAIST in 1983, Korea, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, in 1990. Dr. Kang is currently a Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Pusan National University in Busan, Korea. His research interests include seismic isolation, materials processing, FEM and flexible forming technology. Tae-Wan Ku received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from Pusan National University, Korea, in 1997, 1999 and 2003, respectively. Dr. Ku is currently a research professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Pusan National University in Busan, Korea. His research interests include multi-stage deep drawing, flexible forming technology, and forming limit surface theory.     

The development of a GUI program for automated generating rotor blade airfoil performance table

A user-friendly, Windows-based Graphic User Interface (GUI) program that automates the generation of the aerodynamic performance tables for comprehensive helicopter load analysis codes was developed. With this program, computational grids are automatically created for the given airfoil surface coordinates, and users can verify the grids immediately. In addition, the program’s post-processing feature can enable the real-time inspection of the interim results of the computation. The aerodynamic performance tables can be generated by performing automated aerodynamic analysis of the airfoil in various angles of attack and Mach numbers by using validated CFD code. The Mixed-Language technique was employed to combine the FORTRAN-based CFD codes to the C++-based GUI program without needing any transformation between these two languages. The MS Access was used to construct the data base of the aerodynamic tables. The real-time inputs of the analysis results of the ODBC Access data base make it easy to retrieve the aerodynamic tables. Of the entire range of the angle of attack (−180° to 180°), the CFD analysis is only performed in the significant angles depending on the Mach number. The aerodynamic data for the other angles were obtained by using an interpolation method; therefore, the tables could be generated quickly. Various aerodynamic information such as drag divergence Mach number and stall angle can be extracted from the computed results stored in the database. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yang Na Taewoo Kim received a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Pusan National University in 2007. He is currently a M.S. candidate at the graduate school of Aerospace Engineering at Pusan National University in Pusan, Korea. His research interests are in the area of aerodynamics, optimization design, and helicopter aerodynamics. Kwanjung Yee received a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in 1992. He then went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Seoul National University in 1992 and 1998, respectively. Dr. Yee is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering in Pusan National University, Korea. His major research area covers unsteady aerodynamics, rotorcraft flight dynamics and multidisciplinary design optimization. Sejong Oh received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in 1979 and 1982 respectively. He finished his Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University in 1988. Prof. Oh is currently a Professor at Department of Aerospace at Pusan National University in Busan, Korea. He is currently a Board Member of Korean Society of Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Prof. Oh’s research interests are in the area of Vortex flow and Rotorcraft aerodynamics. Hee Jung Kang received a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from KAIST in 1994. He then went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1996 and 2001, respectively. Dr. Kang is currently a senior research engineer at Rotor Department in KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute). Dr. Kang’s research interests are in the area of helicopter rotor aerodynamics, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and simulation of fluid-structure interaction.     

Applications of fiber models based on discrete element method to string vibration

This study applies DE (discrete element) computational method to the dynamic problems of a vibrating string. The DE method was originally initiated to analyze granular materials and now it has expanded to model fabric dynamics which is of interest in a number of applications including those that manufacture or handle textiles, garments, and composite materials. Owing to the complex interactions between each discrete element, simple circular geometric rigid model has been used in the conventional DE method. However, in order to analyze the slender shape and flexibility of materials such as fabrics or strings, longer and flexible geometric models, named as fiber models, was developed. The fiber model treats a series of connected circular particles, and further can be classified as being either a RF (rigid fiber) or a CFF (completely flexible fiber) model. To check the feasibility of those models, dynamic problems were solved and it is found that the fiber models accurately simulate the dynamic and vibration behaviors of horizontally or vertically placed strings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Hong Hee Yoo Junyoung Park received B.S. and M.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. degree from Purdue University in 2003. Dr. Park is currently an assistant professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Kumoh National Institute of Technology in Gumi, Korea. Dr. Park’s research interests are in the area of nano technology, particle technology, and analysis of pedestrian flow. Namcheol Kang received B.S. and M.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST and Seoul National University in 1992 and 1994, respectively. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. degree from Purdue University in 2004. Dr. Kang is currently an assistant professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, Korea. Dr. Kang’s research interests are in the area of dynamics, vibration and stability of a multiscale mechanical system.     

Effect of imperfections on the mechanical behavior of wire-woven bulk kagome truss PCMs under shear loading

Wire-woven bulk kagome (WBK) materials are a new class of cellular metallic structures possessing desired mechanical performance and can be fabricated easily by assembling metallic wires. In previous studies, the WBK materials were shown to have high strength and weak sensitivity on imperfections under compressive loads. In this paper, we present numerical simulation results on the mechanical performance of WBK and its sensitivity on imperfections under shear loads. Two types of statistical imperfections on geometry and material property were introduced in the simulation models as likewise the previous studies. The simulation results were compared with the experimental measurement on the WBK made of stainless wire (SUS304). The WBK were shown to have a good isotropic mechanical strength under various orientations of shear loadings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Maenghyo Cho Sangil Hyun received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in physics from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1986 and 1989. He received his Ph.D. degree in solid state theory from Michigan State Uni-versity in 1998. Dr. Hyun is currently a senior researcher at the simulation center in Korea Inst. of Ceramic Eng. & Tech. (KICET). He is mainly working on computational studies on multifunctional cha-racteristics of fine ceramics, metals, and composites. He also develops a multiscale modeling on nanotribology and nanofluidics. Ji-Eun Choi received her B.S. and M.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Chosun University, Korea, in 1999 and 2001. Ms. Choi is currently an associate research engineer at the automobile research center in Chonnam National University. She is mainly working on the theoretical and numerical analyses on truss PCMs (Periodic Cellular Metals). Ki-Ju Kang received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, Korea, in 1981. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1983 and 1988, respectively. Dr. Kang is currently a Professor at the School of Mechanical Systems Engineering at Chonnam National University in Gwangju, Korea. Prof. Kang’s lab is designated as a national research Lab. His research interests include the optimal designs and manufacturing technologies of various types of porous cellular metals and mechanical behaviors of a thermally grown oxide at high temperature.     

Application of averaging bidirectional flow tube for measurement of single-phase flow rate in a piping system

A new instrument, an averaging bidirectional flow tube (BDFT), is proposed to measure single-phase flow rates. This averaging BDFT has unique measuring characteristics foremost among which is the capability to measure bidirectional flow and insensitivity of the fluid attack angle. Single phase calibration tests were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the averaging BDFT. Likewise, to enhance the applicability of the averaging BDFT on various flow conditions, flow analyses using CFD code were performed focusing on design optimization of the BDFT. The calibration test results indicated that this averaging BDFT has a linearity within 0.5 % in the Reynolds (Re) number range of above 10,000 where it is meaningful in terms of application. The flow analyses results demonstrate a good linearity of the averaging BDFT with various design features. Therefore, averaging BDFT can be applied for measurement of flow rates within a wide range of flow conditions. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Won-Gu Joo Kyoung-Ho Kang received his B.S. and M. S. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from SNU (Seoul National University), KOREA in 1993 and 1995, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree in Nuclear and Quantum Engineering from KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) in 2009. Dr. Kang is currently a senior researcher at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon, Korea. Dr. Kang’s research interests include analysis and experiments for the nuclear safety, thermal hydraulics, and experiments and modeling for the severe accidents. Byong-Jo Yun received his B.S. degree in Nuclear Engineering from SNU (Seoul National University), KOREA in 1989. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from SNU in 1991 and 1996, respectively. Dr. Yun is currently a principal researcher at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon, Korea. Dr. Yun’s research interests include analysis and experiments for the nuclear safety, thermal hydraulics, two-phase flow, scaling analysis, and development of instrumentation for two-phase flow. Dong-Jin Euh received his B.S. degree in Nuclear Engineering from Seoul University, Korea, in 1993. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from same university in 1995 and 2002, respectively. Dr. Euh is currently a researcher at thermal hydraulic safety research department of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon, Korea. Dr. Euh’s research interests include two-phase thermal hydraulics in the Nuclear Systems and Fundamental Phenomena. Won-Pil Baek has been working at KAERI as the general project manager (director) for development of nuclear thermalhydraulic experiment and analysis technology since 2001. He received his B.S. degree in nuclear engineering from Seoul National University and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST. In 1991–2000, he worked for KAIST as a researcher and research professor. Currently he also serves as an executive editor of the Nuclear Engineering and Technology, an international journal of the Korean Nuclear Society. His research interests include critical heat flux, integral effect tests, modeling, nuclear safety, and advanced reactor development.     

Optimization of rapid thermal processing for uniform temperature distribution on wafer surface

An optimization of rapid thermal processing (RTP) was conducted to obtain uniform temperature distribution on a wafer surface by using linear programming and radiative heat transfer modeling. The results show that two heating lamp zones are needed to maintain uniform wafer temperature and the optimal lamp positions are unique for a given geometry and not affected by wafer temperatures. The radii of heating lamps, which were obtained by optimization, are 45 mm and 108 mm. The emissivity and temperature of the chamber wall do not significantly affect the optimal condition. With obtained optimum geometry of the RTP chamber and lamp positions, the wafer surface temperatures were calculated. The uniformity allowance of the wafer surface is less than ±1°C when the mean temperature of the wafer surface is 1000°C. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dongsik Kim Hyuck-Keun Oh received the B.S. and M.S degrees in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in 2000 and 2002, respectively. He had experienced mechanical and electrical engineering in the Samsung SDI Corporation on various display devices between 2002 and 2007. He is now pursuing the Ph.D degree in Mechanical & Aerospace engineering at Seoul National University, Korea. His research interests are heat transfer and thermal management with a focus on power generation and energy efficiency. Sae Byul Kang received the B.S degree in Mechanical engineering from Korea University in 1996. He then went on to receive his M.S and Ph.D. degrees from Seoul National University in 1998 and 2003, respectively. Dr. Kang is currently a senior researcher at the Korea Institute of Energy Research in Daejeon, Korea. Dr. Kang’s research interests are development of industrial boiler and burner for bio-mass. Young Ki Choi received the B.S and M.S degrees in Mechanical engineering from Seoul National University in 1978 and 1980, respectively and the Ph.D. de-gree in mechanical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1986. He is currently a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Ang University, Korea. His research interests are in the area of micro/nanoscale energy conversion and transport, computational fluid dynamics, and molecular dynamics simulations. Joon Sik Lee received the B.S and M.S degrees in Mechanical engineering from Seoul National University in 1976 and 1980, respectively and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1985. He is currently a professor at the School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea. He is also the director of Micro Thermal System Research Center. His research interests are in the area of micro/nanoscale energy conversion and transport, thermal management for power generation and energy efficiency, and various convective heat transport phenomena such as pool boiling and nanofluid.     

Hybrid experimental/numerical technique for determination of the complex dynamic moduli of elastic porous materials

Polyurethane (PU) and other plastic foams are widely used as passive acoustic absorbers. For optimal design, it is often necessary to know the viscoelastic properties of these materials in the frequency range relevant to their application. An experimental/numerical technique has been implemented to determine the Young and shear dynamic moduli and loss factor of poroelastic materials under low-frequency 40–520Hz random excitation. The method consists of measuring the dynamic response of the sample at its surface, and matching the response with the predictions from a finite element model in which the two complex elastic moduli are the adjustable parameters. Results are presented for measurements made in air, under standard pressure and temperature conditions, and compared with predictions based on Okuno’s model. The dependence of elastic moduli on the dimension of the sample and its boundary conditions is also studied. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Hong Hee Yoo Professor Yeon June Kang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering from Seoul National University in 1988 and 1990, respectively. He then went on to receive a Ph.D. degree in Acoustics and Vibra-tion from School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University in 1994. After his Ph.D., he continued to work as a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University until 1996. Since 1997, Dr. Kang is working at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University. Dr. Kang’s research interests are in the area of acoustical materials, noise and vibration in automotive engineering, and Korean Bells.     

Optimal design of a variable stiffness joint in a robot manipulator using the response surface method

The response surface method combined with the design of experiment-based design optimization of a variable stiffness joint (VSJ) is presented in this article. A VSJ used in a manipulator of a robot arm to support 1 kg payload at the end is designed by considering the minimization of the total weight as the objective function. Owing to the requirement of large rotational stiffness of the VSJ, over 10 N · m, ring-type permanent magnets are adopted. First, a model composed of two permanent magnets was initially manufactured and tested for comparison with the analysis results. Then, a three-ring-type permanent magnet-based model is suggested and optimized to increase the torque of VSJ. The finite element method is used as a magnetic field analysis method to substitute for the expensive experimental process. Optimization results decrease the weight from 0.899 kg to 0.538 kg, still satisfying the requirement for the rotational stiffness. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Tae Hee Lee Jeonghoon Yoo received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering from Seoul National University, in 1989 and 1991, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degrees from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1999. Dr. Yoo is currently a Professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea. Dr. Yoo’s research interests include analysis and design of electromagnetic field systems. Myung Wook Hyun received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Yonsei University, Korea, in 1995 and 1997, respectively. While studying for his M.S. degree, Mr. Hyun also studied variable stiffness unit design. He is now working at Samsung Electronics, Co. Ltd.. Jun Ho Choi received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Design from Hanyang University, Korea and his Ph.D. degree from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is currently a senior research scientist in the Korea Institute of Science and Technology. His research interests include nonlinear control, manipulator control, and safe-joint design. Sungchul Kang received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1989, 1991, and 1998 respectively. Dr. Kang is currently a Principal Research Scientist in the Center for Cognitive Robotics Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, in Seoul, Korea. Dr. Kang’s research interests include mobility and manipulation of field and service robots and haptics. Seung-Jong Kim received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul University, Korea, in 1989, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1991 and 1998, respectively. Dr. Kim is currently a Principal Research Scientist at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul, Korea. Dr. Kim’s research interests include the design, control, and dynamic analysis of mechatronic systems.     

Optimal operating points of PEM fuel cell model with RSM

The output power efficiency of the fuel cell system mainly depends on the required current, stack temperature, air excess ratio, hydrogen excess ratio, and inlet air humidity. Therefore, the operating conditions should be optimized to get maximum output power efficiency. In this paper, a dynamic model for the fuel cell stack was developed, which is comprised of a mass flow model, a gas diffusion layer model, a membrane hydration, and a stack voltage model. Experiments have been performed to calibrate the dynamic Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack model. To achieve the maximum output power and the minimum use of hydrogen in a certain power condition, optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the proposed PEMFC stack model. Using the developed method, optimal operating conditions can be effectively selected in order to obtain minimum hydrogen consumption. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Tong Seop Kim Dong-Ji Xuan received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Harbin Engineering University, China in 2000. He then received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea in 2006. Currently, he is a Ph.D. candidate of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea. His research interests include control and optimization of PEM fuel cell system, dynamics and control, and mechatronics. Zhen-Zhe Li received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Yanbian University, China in 2002. He then received his M.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Konkuk University, South Korea in 2005 and his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea in 2009. Dr. Li is currently a Researcher of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Chonnam National University, South Korea. Dr. Li’s research interests include applied heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and optimal design of thermal and fluid systems. Jin-Wan Kim received his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Chosun University, South Korea in 1990. He then received his M.S. degree in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering from Korea Aerospace University, South Korea in 2003 and his Ph.D degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea in 2008. He is currently a Post Doctor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Chonnam National University, South Korea. His research interests include control of hydraulic systems, dynamics and control, and mechatronics. Young-Bae Kim received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Design from Seoul National University, South Korea in 1980. He then received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea in 1982 and his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University, USA in 1990. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor of the School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering in Chonnam National University, South Korea. Dr. Kim’s research interests include mechatronics, dynamics and control, and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) systems.     

Numerical analysis of the subsonic flow around a three-dimensional cavity

Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought about by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox’s turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 2.5 ∼ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ∼ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ∼ 0.6 and 1.6×10 ⁶ , respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the “shear layer and transient mode” with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter’s formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter’s formula and other experimental data in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ∼ 4.5). In the large aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies due to the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism. The characteristics of the acoustic wave propagation are analyzed using the Correlation of Pressure Distribution (CPD). This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Do Hyung Lee Hong-il CHOI received the B.S and M.S degrees in Aerospace Engineering from Chosun University, Korea in 2005 and 2008, respectively. He currently work at KOREA Electric Power Research Institute in Korea Pa-ul MUN received the B.S in Aerospace Engineering from Chosun University, Korea in 2008. He is currently Candidate for the degree of master of Aerospace Engineering at Chosun University in Korea. Jae-soo KIM received the B.S in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in Korea in 1981. He then received his M.S and Ph.D. degree in Aerospace Engineering from KAIST in Korea in 1983 and 1987, respectively. He spent one year at Cornell university(USA) as a Post Doc. He worked at Korea Aerospace Research Institute for eight years. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Chosun University in Korea     

Experimental analysis for reducing refrigerant-induced noise of 4-way cassette type air conditioner

Various refrigerant flow patterns can produce a range of noise types according to their cycle conditions. Consequently, the identification of flow patterns in a tube is crucial to reducing refrigerant-induced noise. Because of the obstacles involved in identifying them accurately by experiment, in this paper, these flow patterns are estimated from the flow pattern map. Working from the assumption that the refrigerant-induced noise for an air conditioner in the heating mode comes from slug flow in the condenser-outlet pipe, the reduction of refrigerant-induced noise by avoiding slug flow in a tube is examined. To fully understand the conditions under which the refrigerant-induced noise occurs, cycle simulator equipment for an outdoor unit is developed. With this cycle simulator, noise tests of 4-way cassette type indoor units are performed under the conditions that the refrigerant-induced noise occurs. Increasing the mass flux in a tube by reducing the diameter of the condenser-outlet pipe can avoid slug flow, and the refrigerant-induced noise can therefore be reduced. The results of the cycle simulator can be verified with an outdoor unit 5HP system multi air conditioner and the results are well in line with simulator results. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yeon June Kang Hyung-Suk Han received a B.S. degree in Production and Mechanical Engineering from Pusan National University in 1996. He then went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Pusan National University in 1998 and 2007, respectively. Dr. Han is currently a Senior Researcher at Defense Agency of Technology and Quality, Pusan, Korea. He is currently serving as a Co-Researcher of Noise and Vibration Analysis Laboratory in Pusan National University. Dr. Han’s research interests are in the area of the mechanical applications of noise and vibration including refrigerant-induced noise. Wei-Bong Jeong received a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1978. He then went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1980 and from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1990, respectively. Dr. Jeong is currently a Professor at the Mechanical Engineering at Pusan National University in Busan, Korea. He is currently serving as an Academic Director of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering. Dr. Jeong’s research interests are in the area of the measurement and signal processing of noise and vibration, finite/boundary element programming of noise and vibration, fluid-structure interactions and acoustic-structure interactions.     

Development of rapid mixing fuel nozzle for premixed combustion

Combustion in high-preheat and low oxygen concentration atmosphere is one of the attractive measures to reduce nitric oxide emission as well as greenhouse gases from combustion devices, and it is expected to be a key technology for the industrial applications in heating devices and furnaces. Before proceeding to the practical applications, we need to elucidate combustion characteristics of non-premixed and premixed flames in high-preheat and low oxygen concentration conditions from scientific point of view. For the purpose, we have developed a special mixing nozzle to create a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air by rapid mixing, and applied this rapidmixing nozzle to a Bunsen-type burner to observe combustion characteristics of the rapid-mixture. As a result, the combustion of rapid-mixture exhibited the same flame structure and combustion characteristics as the perfectly prepared premixed flame, even though the mixing time of the rapid-mixing nozzle was extremely short as a few milliseconds. Therefore, the rapid-mixing nozzle in this paper can be used to create preheated premixed flames as far as the mixing time is shorter than the ignition delay time of the fuel. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Ohchae Kwon Masashi Katsuki received his B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Osaka University, Japan, in 1965. He received his Dr. Eng. from O. U. in 1985. Dr. Katsuki is currently a Visiting Professor at the Department of Environmental Engineering at Hoseo University in Chungnam, Korea. He was a Vice President of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Dr. Katsuki’s research interests include combustion, computational thermo-fluid dynamics, and molecular dynamics. Jin-Do Chung received his B. S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Chungnam University, Korea in 1983, 1985 and 1990. He then received another Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Kanazawa University, Japan in 1996. After that he worked as Post-doc researcher for 1,6 year at KIMM and Senior researcher for 6years at KEPCO Research Center. Dr. Chung is currently a Professor at the Department of Environmental Engineering at Hoseo University in Asan, Korea. Dr. Chung’s research interests include thermal-fluid and environmental engineering. Jang-Woo Kim received his B. S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chungnam University, Korea, in 1990. He then received his M. S. and Ph. D. degrees from Kyushu University, Japan in 1994 and 1998, respectively. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor at the School of Display Engineering at Hoseo University in Asan, Korea. Dr. Kim’s research interests include CFD, aerodynamics, and display equipment technology. Seung-Min Hwang received the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering at Osaka University in 2005. After that he worked as visiting researcher for 3 years at CRIEPI (central research institute of electric power industry) and Osaka University in Japan. He is currently a Professor at the Graduate School of Venture at Hoseo University in Korea. His major research is thermal-fluid, energy issue and environment. Seung-Mo Kim received his Ph. D. degrees in Mechanical engineering from Osaka University, Japan, in 2004. Dr. Kim is currently a research Professor at Pusan Clean Coal Center at Pusan National University in Pusan, South Korea. Dr. Kim’s research interests include coal combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, coal gasification, coal de-watering, power generation plant system and energy issues. Chul-Ju Ahn received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University, Korea, in 1998. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Osaka University, Japan, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. Dr. Ahn is currently a Senior Research Engineer at Samsung Techwin CO. LTD. in Changwon, Korea. Dr. Ahn’s research interests include gas turbine engine, biomass gasification, and power system.     

Flow dynamics at the minimum starting condition of a supersonic diffuser to simulate a rocket’s high altitude performance on the ground

A numerical analysis was conducted to investigate and characterize the unsteadiness of the flow structure and oscillatory vacuum pressure inside of a supersonic diffuser equipped to simulate high-altitude rocket performance on the ground. A physical model including a rocket motor, vacuum chamber, and diffuser, which have axisymmetric configurations was employed. Emphasis was placed on investigating the physical phenomena of very complex and oscillatory flow evolutions in the diffuser operating very close to the starting condition, i.e. at a minimum starting condition, which is one of the major important parameters from a diffuser design point of view. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Jun Sang Park Hyo-Won Yeom received a B.S. degree in the department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering from Korea Aerospace University in 2007. He is currently a master candidate at the school of Aerospace & Mechanical Engi-neering at Korea Aerospace Uni-versity in Goyang-city, Korea. His research interests are in the area of numerical analysis for High-speed propulsion system. Sangkyu Yoon received a B.S. degree in the department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering from Korea Aerospace University in 2006 and M.S. degrees in the school of Aerospace & Mecha-nical Engineering from Korea Aerospace University in 2008. He currently works in Hanwha Corporation R&D Center. Hong-Gye Sung received a B.S. degree in the department of Aerospace Engineering from Inha University in 1984 and Ph.D. degree in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University in 1999. Dr. Sung has various research experiences in the fields of high-speed propulsion and rocket propulsion in Agency for Defense Development for 22 years (1984–2006). He is currently a professor at the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering of Korea Aerospace University in Goyang, Korea. Dr. Sung’s research interests are in the area of propulsion, combustion, and its control.     

Computational study on aerodynamics of long-span bridges

A numerical procedure for aerodynamic load analysis of long span bridges is presented. The preconditioned Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are adopted to compute flows over the bridges. To capture the turbulent characteristics of the flows, two equation turbulence models, Coakley’s q − ω model and Menter’s k − ω SST model, are used to compute the turbulent viscosity. A dual time stepping method in conjunction with the AF-ADI method is used to advance the solution in time. A loosely coupled method of the preconditioned RANS equations with the turbulence model equations is employed for fast computation without losing numerical stability. The numerical method for the aerodynamic load analysis is verified against well-known benchmark problems. Aerodynamic loads of two real bridges are computed with the method to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Kyung-Soo Yang Ilyong Yoo is a Ph.D. candidate in Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory at Inha University. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Aerospace Engineering from Inha University in 2004 and 2006, respectively. His research area includes computational fluid dynamics, and its application to active flow control using MEMS devices. Einkeun Kwak is a Ph.D. candidate in Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory at Inha University. He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in Aerospace Engineering from Inha University. His research area includes computational fluid dynamics, and its application to supersonic inlet analysis and design. Seungsoo Lee is a professor in Aerospace Engineering at Inha University. Prior to joining the faculty at Inha University, he was a senior research engineer at the Agency for Defense Development. He earned his Ph.D. degree from the Pennsylvania State University in 1990. He also holds B.S. and M.S degrees in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Seoul National University. Dr. Lee’s research interests are in the area of computational fluid dynamics, overset grid method, and applied aerodynamics. Beom Soo Kim received his B.S. and M.S degrees in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1974 and 1977, respectively. He earned his Ph.D. degree from University of Oklahoma in 1983. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Inha University. Dr. Kim’s research interests are in the area of hypersonic aerodynamics, and wind tunnel testing. Si Hyong Park is a developer in the applied analysis team of MidasIT Co. Ltd, Korea. He received the Bachelor, the Master and the Ph.D degree in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in 1996, in 1998 and in 2003, respectively. His research interest is currently development of CAE software including FEM, CFD and Multi-physics simulation.     

Development of dynamic response analysis algorithm for beam structures using transfer of mass coefficient

The authors developed the transfer mass coefficient method (TMCM) in order to compute effectively the dynamic response of a beam structure. In this paper, the algorithm for the dynamic response analysis of a three-dimensional beam structure is formulated. Through the computation results of numerical models, which are plane and space beam structures, obtained by the transfer mass coefficient method and the direct integration method, we verify that the transfer mass coefficient method can remarkably decrease the computation time of the direct integration method without the loss of accuracy in spite of using small computer storage. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Hong Hee Yoo Myung-Soo Choi received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from National Fisheries University of Pusan, Korea, in 1992 and 1994, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree from Pukyong National University in 1999. Dr. Choi is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Maritime Police Science at Chonnam National University in Yeosu, Korea. His research interests include mechanical vibration, structural dynamics, and optimum design. Jung-Joo Suh received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from National Fisheries Uni-versity of Pusan, Korea, in 1972, 1985 and 1995, respec-tively. Dr. Suh is currently a Professor at the Faculty of Marine Technology at Chonnam National University in Yeosu, Korea. His research interests include internal combustion engines and numerical analysis. Dong-Jun Yeo received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from National Fisheries University of Pusan, Korea, in 1981, 1985 and 1996, respectively. Dr. Yeo is currently a Professor at the Faculty of Marine Technology at Chonnam National University in Yeosu, Korea. He serves as an Academic Director of the Korean Society for Power System Engineering. His research interests include structural dynamics, vibration, and analytic techniques. Jung-Kyu Yang received his B.S. degree from Pusan Fisherise College, Korea, in 1973. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Chungnam National University in 1985 and 1996, respectively. Dr. Yang is currently a Professor at the Faculty of Marine Technology at Chonnam University in Yeosu, Korea. His research interests include combustion engineering, air flow characteristics, and numerical analysis. Jung-Hwan Byun received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from National Fisheries University of Pusan, Korea, in 1992 and 1995, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree from Pukyong National University in 1997. Dr. Byun is currently an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Marine Technology at Chonnam National University in Yeosu, Korea. His research interests include numerical analysis and synchronous control.     

A study on cooling efficiency using 1-d analysis code suitable for cooling system of thermoforming

Thermoforming is one of the most versatile and economical processes available for polymer products, but cycle time and production cost must be continuously reduced in order to improve the competitive power of products. In this study, water spray cooling was simulated to apply to a cooling system instead of compressed air cooling in order to shorten the cycle time and reduce the cost of compressed air used in the cooling process. At first, cooling time using compressed air was predicted in order to check the state of mass production. In the following step, the ratio of removed energy by air cooling or water spray cooling among the total removed energy was found by using 1-D analysis code of the cooling system under the condition of checking the possibility of conversion from 2-D to 1-D problem. The analysis results using water spray cooling show that cycle time can be reduced because of high cooling efficiency of water spray, and cost of production caused by using compressed air can be reduced by decreasing the amount of the used compressed air. The 1-D analysis code can be widely used in the design of a thermoforming cooling system, and parameters of the thermoforming process can be modified based on the recommended data suitable for a cooling system of thermoforming. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dongsik Kim Zhen-Zhe Li received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Yanbian University, China, in 2002. He then received his M.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Konkuk University, South Korea, in 2005. He then received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea, in 2009. Dr. Li is currently a Researcher of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea. Dr. Li’s research interests include applied heat transfer, fluid mechanics and optimal design of thermal and fluid systems. Kwang-Su Heo received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea, in 1998. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea, in 2003 and 2008, respectively. Dr. Heo is currently a Post-doctorial Researcher of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST(Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), South Korea. Dr. Heo’s research interests include applied heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermal analysis of superconductor. Dong-Ji Xuan received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Harbin Engineering University, China, in 2000. He then received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chonnam National University, South Korea, in 2006. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea. His research interests include control & optimization of PEM fuel cell system, dynamics & control, mechatronics. Seoung-Yun Seol received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Design from Seoul National University, South Korea, in 1983. He then received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST(Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), South Korea, in 1985. He then received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech University, USA, in 1993. Dr. Seol is currently a Professor of the School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea. Dr. Seol’s research interests include applied heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermal analysis of superconductor.     

Dual stage and an image processing-based method for sight stabilization

This paper presents a combined dual stage-based mechanical and image-based stabilization scheme for a three-axis image-tracking sight system. To improve the stabilization and tracking accuracy, a secondary stage actuated by a pair of electro-magnets is mounted on a conventional elevation gimbal. For the remaining roll axis stabilization, an electronic digital- image stabilization technique is introduced to estimate and correct roll motions. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stabilization system and the image-stabilization scheme. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dong Hwan Kim Joon Lyou received a B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Seoul National University in 1978. He then went on to receive M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1980 and 1984, respectively. Dr. Lyou is currently a professor of the Department of Electronics Engineering at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include industrial control and sensor signal processing, IT based robotics, and navigation systems. MinSig Kang received a B.S. degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Seoul National University in 1980. He then went on to receive M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1983 and 1987, respectively. He worked for the Agency for Defence Development during 1987–1998. Dr. Kang is currently a professor of the Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering at Kyungwon University in Sungnam, Korea. His research interests include dynamic systems measurement and control, industrial robotics, and manufacturing systems. HwyKuen Kwak received a B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Chungnam National University in 2005. He is currently working on his M.S. and Ph.D. course at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. His research areas are image signal processing, sensors and digital control systems. YoungJun Choi received a B.S. and M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Kyungwon University in 2004 and 2006. He is currently a researcher for the Agency for Defence Development in Daejeon, Korea. His research fields are dynamic systems measurement and control, satellite systems, navigation systems and smart materials.     

A study on the slip velocity on a pair of asymmetric electrodes for AC-electroosmosis in a microchannel

In numerical studies on microscale electroosmotic flows, the electric double layer (EDL) effect is usually predicted by solving the traditional Navier-Stokes equation subjected to the slip velocity induced by the electric-charged wall as a boundary condition. Recently, Suh and Kang (Physical Review E 77, 2008) presented the asymptotic solutions of the ion transport equations near a polarized electrode under the action of an AC field, and then proposed a new theoretical model of the slip velocity on the electrode considering the ion adsorption effect. In the present paper, we apply the model to a two-dimensional AC-electroosmotic flow in a microchannel to calculate the slip velocity on a pair of coplanar asymmetric electrodes embedded on the bottom wall, and then experimentally measure the slip velocity using the micro-PIV technique to validate the theoretical model. Comparison shows an excellent overall match between the theoretical and experimental results, except for on the narrow electrode at low frequencies. Next, we numerically perform parametric studies regarding the AC frequency, effective Stern-layer thickness and ion adsorption effect to further understand the characteristics of the AC electroosmotic flow. Results show that, as the frequency increases, the slip velocity also increases. In addition, the velocity decreases with increasing either Stern-layer thickness or ion adsorption effect. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dongshin Shin Sangmo Kang received a B.S. and M.S. degrees from Seoul National University in 1985 and 1987, respectively, and then had worked for five years in Daewoo Heavy Industries as a field engineer. He also achieved a Ph.D. degree in the field of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1996. Dr. Kang is currently a Professor at the Division of Mechanical Engineering at Dong-A University in Busan, Korea. Dr. Kang’s research interests are in the area of micro- and nanofluidics and turbulent flow combined with the computational fluid dynamics.     

Aerodynamic analysis of flapping foils using volume grid deformation code

Nature-inspired flapping foils have attracted interest for their high thrust efficiency, but the large motions of their boundaries need to be considered. It is challenging to develop robust, efficient grid deformation algorithms appropriate for the large motions in three dimensions. In this paper, a volume grid deformation code is developed based on finite macro-element and transfinite interpolation, which successfully interfaces to a structured multi-block Navier-Stokes code. A suitable condition that generates the macro-elements with efficiency and improves the robustness of grid regularity is presented as well. As demonstrated by an airfoil with various motions related to flapping, the numerical results of aerodynamic forces by the developed method are shown to be in good agreement with those of an experimental data or a previous numerical solution. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Do Hyung Lee Jin Hwan Ko received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST, Korea, in 1995. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1997 and 2004, respectively. Dr. Ko is currently a research professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include fluid-structure interaction analysis, structural dynamics of a micro-scale resonator, and model order reduction. Soo Hyung Park received his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from KAIST, Korea, in 1996. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1999 and 2003, respectively. Prof. Park is currently an assistant professor at the Dept. of Aerospace Information Engineering at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include computational fluid dynamics, fluid-structure interaction analysis, rotorcraft aerodynamics, and turbulence modeling.     

Numerical simulation on soot deposition process in laminar ethylene diffusion flames under a microgravity condition

A numerical study on soot deposition in ethylene diffusion flames has been conducted to elucidate the effect of thermophoresis on soot particles under a microgravity environment. Time-dependent reactive-flow Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the modeling of soot formation have been solved. The model was validated by comparing the simulation results with the previous experimental data for a laminar diffusion flame of ethylene (C₂H₄) with enriched oxygen (35% O₂ + 65% N₂) along a solid wall. In particular, the effect of surrounding air velocity as a major calculation parameter has been investigated. Especially, the soot deposition length defined as the transverse travel distance to the wall in the streamwise direction is introduced as a parameter to evaluate the soot deposition tendency on the wall. The calculation result exhibits that there existed an optimal air velocity for the early deposition of soot on the surface, which was in good agreement with the previous experimental results. The reason has been attributed to the balance between the effects of the thermophoretic force and convective motion. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Ohchae Kwon Jae Hyuk Choi received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Marine System Engineering from Korea Maritime University in 1996 and 2000, respectively. He then went on to receive a Ph.D. degrees from Hokkaido university in 2005. Dr. Choi is currently a BK21 Assistant Professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea. Dr. Choi’s research interests are in the area of reduction of pollutant emission (Soot and NOx), high temperature combustion, laser diagnostics, alternative fuel and hydrogen production with high temperature electrolysis steam (HTES). Junhong Kim received his B.S., M.S., and Ph. D degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1998, 2000, and 2004, respectively. His research interests include lifted flames, edge flames, and numerical simulation. Sang Kyu Choi received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 2004. He is a Ph. D student in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University. His research interests include edge flames, oxy-fuel combustion, and numerical simulation. Byoung ho Jeon received his B.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering from kangwon University in 1998, and M.S., Ph. D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Hokkaido University in 2002, 2008, respectively. Dr Jeon is working at Korea Aerospace Research Institute from 2007. June. as Gasturbine engine developer. Jeon’s research interests are in the area of reduction of pollutant emission (Soot and Nox), High temperature combustion, combustion system (Furnace, Combine Generation system, IGCC, CTL), and Fire safety in building. Osamu Fujita received his B.S., M.S., and Ph. D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Hokkaido University in 1982, 1984, and 1987, respectively. Prof. Fujita is currently a Professor at the division of Mechanical and space Engineering at Hokkaido University in sapporo, Japan. Prof. Fujita’s research interests are in the area of reduction of pollutant emission (Soot and Nox), solid combustion, catalytic combustion, high temperature combustion, alternative fuel and fire safety in space. Suk Ho Chung received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1976 from Seoul National University, and his M.S. and Ph. D. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1980 and 1983, respectively from Northwestern University. He is a professor since 1984 in the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University. His research interests cover combustion fundamentals, pollutant formation, and laser diagnostics.