一种基于JVT的比特率控制方法

比特率在视频编码中具有重要作用。正在制定的JVT视频编码标准并没有提供比特率控制方法,为此本文提出了一种基于JVT的比特率控制方法。在其图像层比特率控制中,引入PID控制器来提高比特率控制的鲁棒性;在宏块层通过宏块16×16模式运动估计得到的SAD来计算宏块的活动性,降低了算法复杂度。实验结果表明,该方法在保证不影响JVT原有编码效率的前提下,获得了较高的控制精度,同时也具有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于H.264标准的高效比特率转码结构

本文基于H.264视频编码标准提出了一种高效的比特率转码结构.这种结构对像素域级联转码结构进行了改进,通过运动矢量复用和结构简化使得转码器复杂度有了很大程度的降低.并通过对参考帧之间的误差进行补偿,克服了开环结构中漂移误差对视频恢复质量的影响.实验结果表明:该结构在保证与像素域级联转码结构相近视频恢复质量前提下,大幅度降低了转码时间,可以应用于实时处理,是一种高效的转码结构.     

一种基于DS-FFH/MSK调制的数据链抗干扰性能分析

提出了DS-FFH/MSK调制方式的一种实现方案,并在多种干扰环境下,从信源误比特率的角度对基于该实现方案的Link16战术数据链的抗干扰性能进行了系统分析,推导了几种不同干扰条件下数据链的误比特率表达式,并给出了计算机仿真结果.     

云平台上AVS视频转码系统的设计与实现

随着网络与宽带技术的飞速发展,数字视频呈现出海量化与多样化的特征.AVS作为我国自主音视频标准,编码效率优于同期国际标准,在保证图像质量的同时,便于视频数据的存储与传输.为了将数字视频进行高效的AVS转码,提出并实现了一种云平台上的AVS转码系统,该系统采用音视频分离方法将其他格式视频文件快速转码成AVS格式,并避免了转码文件中音视频内容间不同步问题,实验结果证明了方案的有效性.     

一种针对协作分集的分布式功率分配算法

 本文研究在解码转发协作分集中的功率分配问题.本文首先建立了功率分配问题的数学模型,其能够在满足一定平均误比特率的前提下,使源节点和伙伴节点的发射功率之和最小化,从而不仅能够开发多用户无线系统所固有的空间分集能力,而且能够降低移动节点的能耗和网络中的同道干扰.本文还推导了伙伴节点和目的节点的平均误比特率公式,用于刻画在多径衰落中协作分集系统的性能.利用平均误比特率公式,本文提出了一种分布式的功率分配算法,能够使源节点、伙伴节点和目的节点逐个消息地计算最优的功率分配方案.本文所提出的算法不仅具有较小的控制协议开销,而且对信道状态的变化具有自适应能力.因此,该算法能够适应分布式的和动态的无线网络环境.最后,本文通过仿真验证了所提出的算法.     

基于信号传播特性的物理层密钥生成方案

传统基于接收信号强度的物理层密钥生成方案在窃听者靠近合法方时,合法方的密钥易被窃听者获取.针对该问题,在分析密钥误比特率的基础上,提出一种基于信号传播特性的物理层密钥生成方案.方案根据接收信号强度的实测样本估计大尺度衰落模型,提取出多径效应影响下的小尺度参数量化生成密钥.实验结果表明相比于传统方案,本方案在室内环境窃听距离大于0.6倍波长以后,窃听方密钥误比特率大于0.48;在室外环境窃听距离大于1倍波长后窃听方密钥误比特率为0.47,实现了安全可靠的物理层密钥生成.     

基于分布式中继选择的自适应协作传输方案

协作分集通过使网络用户共享彼此天线以形成虚拟多天线阵列,可以显著提高网络容量,然而针对网络拓扑的动态变化与无线传输的时变特性,仅靠协作分集并不能十分有效地解决这些问题,必须结合考虑相应的自适应传输策略.本文提出动态网络环境中协作中继的最佳选择准则,在此基础上给出最佳协作中继的分布式选择协议.根据协作中继与源节点间的无线信道质量,进一步提出一种自适应协作传输方案,以有效抵抗多用户网络环境中的无线衰落.此外,对自适应协作传输方案的误码性能,在瑞利衰落信道下进行相应的理论分析,得到了系统误比特率的解析表达式,据此给出数值仿真实验以进行性能比较.结果表明:相对于传统协作分集而言,本文提出的自适应协作传输方案获得了进一步的性能增益,误比特率显著下降.     

一种新的Turbo码交织器的设计

本文分析了交织器在Turbo码中的重要作用,提出了一种新交织器的设计方法,即隔行螺旋交织器.该交织器在螺旋交织器上做了简单的改进,易于实现.计算机仿真结果表明,该交织器可以获得的良好的误比特率性能.     

一种快速比特率控制方法

比特率控制在视频编码中起着重要作用。本文在研究视频信源模型的基础上，提出了一种基于SAD域的R-D模型。由于在运动估计中SAD己计算得到，采用该模型的比特率控制方法极大地降低了计算复杂度，是一种快速的比特率控制方法。实验表明该方法可以获得与TMN8方法同样的比特率精度和图像质量。与TMN8方法相比，其性价比更优。     

基于遗传算法的自整定PID控制器

控制对象的时滞现象普遍存在,使用简单的PID控制器很难取得很好的效果.本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的PID控制器参数优化设计方法,对带有惯性环节和时滞环节的试验系统进行了仿真实验,结果表明遗传算法是一种简单高效的寻优算法,与传统的寻优方法相比明显地改善了控制系统的动态响应性能.     

New rate-distortion modeling and efficient rate control for H.264/AVC video coding

Rate control (RC) is crucial in controlling compression bit rates and qualities for networked video applications. In this paper, we propose a new rate-distortion (R-D) model and an efficient rate control scheme for H.264/AVC video coding, which elegantly resolve the inter-dependency problem between rate-distortion optimization and rate control by eliminating the need of coding complexity prediction for an inter-frame. The objective is to achieve accurate bit rate, obtain optimal video quality while reducing quality variations and simultaneously handling buffer fullness effectively. The proposed algorithm encapsulates a number of new features, including a coding complexity measure for intra-frames, a rate-distortion model, an accurate quantization parameter (QP) estimation for intra-frames, an incremental quantization parameter calculation method for inter-frames, a proportional+integral+derivative (PID) buffer controller, and an intelligent bit-allocation-balancing technique. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the JVT-G012 solution by providing accurate rate regulation, effectively reducing frame skipping, and finally improving coding quality by up to 1.80 dB.     

Foveation embedded DCT domain video transcoding

Video transcoding is a key technology to support video communications over heterogeneous networks. Although quite a bit of research effort has been made in video transcoding due to its wide applications, most video transcoding techniques proposed in the literature are optimized based on the simple mean squared error (MSE) metric which does not correlate well with the human visual perception. In this paper, foveation, a property of the HVS, is exploited in video transcoding. The proposed foveation embedded DCT domain video transcoding can reduce the bit rate without compromising visual quality or achieve better subjective quality for a given bit rate by shaping the compression distortion according to the foveated contrast sensitivity function of the HVS. In addition, fast algorithms for video foveation filtering and DCT domain inverse motion compensation are developed, which significantly improve the efficiency of video transcoding.     

Frame-level bit allocation based on incremental PID algorithm and frame complexity estimation

Since the current rate control schemes in H.264 do not have the capability of efficient frame-level bit allocation, the video quality varies significantly from frame to frame especially for sequences with sudden scene changes or high motion activities. To overcome the limitation of frame-level bit allocation, we improve H.264 rate control scheme using two tools, the incremental proportional–integral–differential (PID) algorithm and the frame complexity estimation. The incremental PID algorithm is first introduced to control the buffer and reduce the influence of the buffer abrupt fluctuation in the process of frame-level bit allocation. To reduce more video quality variations, the frame target bit allocation is also adjusted by frame complexity that is estimated by residual energy. Simulation results show that the proposed rate control scheme, without introducing expensive computational complexity, decreases the average standard deviation of video quality by 32.29%.     

改进的降低空间分辨率视频编码转换算法

该文提出一种改进的降低空间分辨率视频编码转换算法。根据漂移误差与帧间编码块的运动活动性的关系,提出了一种自适应帧内刷新方法。该方法根据目标比特率和实际比特率的差值,动态地调整阈值,从而有效地减少了帧内编码的比特率,保持了对差错的鲁棒性,限制了差错的时间传播。同时,将率失真函数映射为线性函数,以较少计算复杂度,提出了一种线性速率控制策略。仿真结果表明:该文提出的方法有效地平滑了缓冲器的输出,同时峰值信噪比也有所提高。     

Requantization for transcoding of MPEG-2 intraframes

An investigation on requantization for transcoding of video signals is carried out. Specifically, MPEG-2 compatible discrete cosine transform (DCT) intraframe coding is addressed. The aim of this work is twofold: first, to provide a theoretical analysis of the transcoding problem, and second, to derive quantization methods for efficient transcoding based on the results of the analysis. The mean squared error (MSE) cost function is proposed for designing a quantizer with minimum distortion resulting in up to 1.3 dB gain compared with the quantizer used in the MPEG-2 reference coder TM5. However, the MSE quantizer leads in general to a larger bit rate and may therefore only be applied locally to blocks of sensitive image content. A better rate-distortion performance can be provided by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) cost function. In critical cases, the MAP quantizer gives a 0.4 dB larger signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) at the same bit rate compared with the TM5 quantizer. The results are not limited to MPEG-2 and can be adapted to other coding schemes such as H.263 or JPEG.     

On the methods and performances of rational downsizing video transcoding

Video transcoding is a popular technique for adapting the bit-rate or spatial/temporal resolution of a precoded video to suit better the constraints and requirements of different transmission networks and receiving devices. To minimize computational complexity, many fast methods have been proposed to obtain the motion vectors required for transcoding a precoded video through reducing its frame size by an integral factor. In this paper, we extend the existing work by developing and comparing several fast methods of downsizing precoded videos by a rational factor. Methods that outperform others under different conditions or with different computational requirements are identified, and an application scenario that can benefit from the proposed rational downsizing video transcoding is presented. An efficient scheme is also proposed to select the proper reduced frame size for sustaining the best possible video quality at a specified lower bit-rate. The superiority of the proposed transcoding approach in comparison with the existing integral downsizing video transcoding or cascaded video re-encoding methods is evident from the experimental results shown in this paper.     

基于朴素贝叶斯分类的DVC-HEVC快速转码

分布式视频编码(DVC)与传统视频编码之间的转码为移动终端设备之间的低功耗视频通信提供了一种有效的实现思路。以DVC与HEVC转码为研究对象,利用DVC解码端信息,针对高效视频编码(HEVC)中复杂度极高的编码单元(CU)划分过程进行复杂度优化研究。在DVC解码端提取与CU划分相关的纹理复杂度、运动矢量及预测残差3种特征信息;在HEVC编码端基于朴素贝叶斯原理建立CU快速划分模型,模型生成后便可以通过输入特征信息对当前CU划分进行快速决策,避免大量率失真(RD)代价计算过程。实验结果表明,本方案在编码比特率略有上升的情况下大幅缩短了HEVC编码时间,平均下降幅度达到58.26%,且几乎不影响视频质量。     

New architecture for dynamic frame-skipping transcoder

Transcoding is a key technique for reducing the bit rate of a previously compressed video signal. A high transcoding ratio may result in an unacceptable picture quality when the full frame rate of the incoming video bitstream is used. Frame skipping is often used as an efficient scheme to allocate more bits to the representative frames, so that an acceptable quality for each frame can be maintained. However, the skipped frame must be decompressed completely, which might act as a reference frame to nonskipped frames for reconstruction. The newly quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the prediction errors need to be re-computed for the nonskipped frame with reference to the previous nonskipped frame; this can create undesirable complexity as well as introduce re-encoding errors. In this paper, we propose new algorithms and a novel architecture for frame-rate reduction to improve picture quality and to reduce complexity. The proposed architecture is mainly performed on the DCT domain to achieve a transcoder with low complexity. With the direct addition of DCT coefficients and an error compensation feedback loop, re-encoding errors are reduced significantly. Furthermore, we propose a frame-rate control scheme which can dynamically adjust the number of skipped frames according to the incoming motion vectors and re-encoding errors due to transcoding such that the decoded sequence can have a smooth motion as well as better transcoded pictures. Experimental results show that, as compared to the conventional transcoder, the new architecture for frame-skipping transcoder is more robust, produces fewer requantization errors, and has reduced computational complexity.     

A predictive self-tuning fuzzy-logic feedback rate controller

This paper addresses the design and analysis of an end-to-end rate-based feedback flow control algorithm motivated by the available bit rate (ABR) service in wide-area asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Recognizing that the explicit feedback rate at time t will not affect the ABR buffer until time t+D for some D⩾0, our approach is to first predict the ABR buffer status at time t+D, then base fuzzy-logic rate control decisions on these predicted values, and finally tune the controller parameters using gradient descent methods. Simulations show that this predictive self-tuning fuzzy-logic (PSTF) control scheme is efficient, stable, and outperforms other proposed ABR rate controllers in a variety of network environments. With delays corresponding to a US coast-to-coast connection, the PSTF controller can maintain high link utilization, avoid buffer overflows, and provide fair allocation of resources     

圆柱-球体三自由度超声电机模糊自适应控制

针对圆柱-球体三自由度超声电机难以建立精确数学模型的特点,设计了模糊自适应定位控制系统。该控制系统由模糊控制器和在线参数自调整环节构成,在线参数自调整环节使该系统的动态特性、稳态性能更好地兼顾,克服了固定量化因子控制性能不理想的缺点。应用该控制器,实现了电机精确定位控制。结果表明,参数自调整模糊自适应控制器的性能优于传统PID控制器及固定量化因子的模糊控制器,得到了满意的控制效果。