电子和中子辐照n型6H-SiC的光致发光谱

对用电子能量为1.7,0.5和0.4MeV的电子辐照和中子辐照后的n型6H-SiC样品进行低温光致发光研究.对于Ee≥0.5MeV电子辐照和中子辐照后的样品,首次发现了位于478.6/483.3/486.1n m的S1/S2/S3谱线.对样品进行热退火研究表明S1/S2/S3谱线在500℃下消失,而退火温度高于700℃时D1中心出现.考虑到产生C空位和Si空位所需的位移阈能以及热退火行为,说明S1/S2/S3为初级Si空位初级缺陷,而D1中心为二次缺陷.     

电子和中子辐照n型6H-SiC的光致发光谱

对用电子能量为1.7,0.5和0.4MeV的电子辐照和中子辐照后的n型6H-SiC样品进行低温光致发光研究.对于Ee≥0.5MeV电子辐照和中子辐照后的样品,首次发现了位于478.6/483.3/486.1n m的S1/S2/S3谱线.对样品进行热退火研究表明S1/S2/S3谱线在500℃下消失,而退火温度高于700℃时D1中心出现.考虑到产生C空位和Si空位所需的位移阈能以及热退火行为,说明S1/S2/S3为初级Si空位初级缺陷,而D1中心为二次缺陷.     

低剂量中子辐照氢气氛和氩气氛生长区熔硅的深能级瞬态谱研究

用深能级瞬态谱研究了如下三种N型区熔硅在低剂量中子辐照下的电子陷阱及其退火行为,(1)氩气氛生长,(2)氢气氛生长,(3)氢气氛生长并在中照前作650℃/30分热处理.含氢样品中A中心的生成率约为同剂量中照不含氢样品的50％.由于热释放空位,从室温到190℃热退火过程中A中心和双空位的浓度随退火温度的升高而增加.当退火温度高于230℃,中照含氢硅中A中心和双空位浓度的下降比不含氢硅样品要快得多,这可用原子氢的扩散加速了对缺陷的钝化来解释.等时退火到高于250℃,氢气氛和氩气氛生长区熔硅样品都出现了新的电子陷阱,对它们的可能结构进行了讨论.     

脉冲中子辐照在硅中引起缺陷的研究

研究了脉冲中子辐照的中子嬗变掺杂 (NTD)硅二极管中缺陷的形成及其退火特征 ,并与热中子辐照样品进行了比较。深能级瞬态谱仪 (DL TS)测量表明硅中主要存在五类电活性缺陷 :氧空位 E1(Ec- 0 .19e V) ,不同荷电态的双空位 E2 (Ec- 0 .2 8e V)和 E4 (Ec- 0 .4 0 e V) ,双空位与氧杂质相结合的络合物 E3 (Ec- 0 .31e V) ,以及与样品材料原生缺陷有关的辐照感生缺陷 E5(Ec- 0 .4 8e V)。实验结果表明 ,脉冲中子辐照由于其高的中子能量和辐照剂量率 ,导致复杂络合物的浓度高于简单缺陷浓度。进一步 4 0 0℃温度以下退火实验显示了缺陷的分解和重建过程     

热处理NTD CZ Si的红外吸收光谱

本文报道NTD CZ Si从室温到1200℃退火的红外吸收光谱,研究了600～1300cm~(-1)波数区的一些中子辐照缺陷和氧与碳的红外吸收峰的退火行为和本质,以及中子辐照缺陷与间隙氧随退火温度变化的关系。     

硅中激光辐照引进的点缺陷

利用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)证实:经染料脉冲激光辐照,红宝石脉冲激光辐照,连续Nd:YAG激光辐照的P型硅样品,存在深中心缺陷,主要是:(E_v+0.14cV)、(Ev+ 0.19eV)和(Ev+ 0.24eV).从这些深中心缺陷的不同淬火和退火行为,可以认为缺陷中心主要是样品在激光退火过程中产生的过饱和空位所形成的,而且可能是与某种大空位团有关.     

中子辐照硅的正电子湮没寿命谱研究

研究了中子辐照硅中正电子湮没寿命谱的等时退火特性,得到与文献[1]不相同的结果.实验资料对比表明,本工作的结果与EPR、IR、DLTS的实验能更好地符合.对[1]中的双空位运动形成四空位的模型提出质疑.指出中子能谱不同很可能是导致缺陷俘获态寿命退火特性相异的重要原因.     

高阻n型硅的电子辐照

研究了高阻区熔和直拉单晶(扩铝)的P~+n管经电子辐照后产生的缺陷能级和它们的退火特性.区熔单晶中辐照生成的主要缺陷能级为 E:-0.43eV (双空位)和 E_v+ 0.49eV.在300℃退火后,这些能级的浓度与未退火前基本相同.直拉单晶中辐照生成的缺陷能级为E_c-0.18eV (氧空位对)和 E_v+ 0.49eV.在200℃以上退火后,氧空位明显减小并在300℃消失.     

中子辐照氢气区熔硅单晶退火行为的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮没寿命和多普勒加宽方法研究了中子辐照氢气区熔硅单晶的等时退火行为.观测到324±12ps的寿命组分是正电子在双空位湮没寿命,是主要的长寿命组分.450±14ps是正电子在四空位湮没寿命。324ps寿命组分在450℃附近退火消失后,它又以较高的强度在530—800℃的温度范围出现.对不同温度退火的晶体取得的基块寿命不是常数值而是随退火温度有规律的变化.这些异常的退火行为归结为中子辐照硅中所诱导的空位缺陷与氢的相互作用及其对晶格的影响.     

Ti/4H-SiC SBD中子辐照效应的研究

采用1 MeV的中子对Ti/4H-SiC肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)的辐照效应进行研究,观察了常温下的退火效应.实验的最高中子剂量为1×1015 n/cm2,对应的γ射线累积总剂量为33 kGy (Si).经过1×1014 n/cm2的辐照后,Ti/SiC肖特基接触没有明显退化;剂量达到2.5×1014 n/cm2后,观察到势垒高度下降;剂量达到1×1015 n/cm2后,势垒高度从1.00 eV下降为0.93eV;经过常温下19 h的退火后,势垒高度有所恢复,表明肖特基接触的辐照损伤主要是由电离效应造成的.辐照后,器件的理想因子较辐照前有所上升;器件的正向电流(VF=2V)随着辐照剂量的上升而下降.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks