植物油基润滑剂的研究进展

随着机械工业的发展和人们环保意识的增强,传统的矿物油基润滑剂已经无法满足要求.通过对植物油改性,制备出多种植物油基润滑剂.简要介绍了植物油基润滑剂的发展、制备方法及性能特点.植物油基润滑剂具有良好的综合性能,不仅可以满足现代机械工业的要求,而且还具有生物降解性,已成为当今润滑剂领域的一个新的发展方向.     

植物油应用于绿色润滑剂的研究现状

植物油的生物降解性高于矿物油、白油,是一种优良的可再生性材料,在绿色润滑剂基础油和添加剂上有广阔的应用前景.通过生物技术、化学改性及添加抗氧化剂等方法可提高植物油的氧化稳定性,促进植物油作为润滑剂基础油的使用.通过在植物油中引入功能团等方法使植物油具有优良的抗磨减摩、抗氧抗腐等性能,从而作为添加剂应用于绿色润滑剂中.然而,植物油要大规模应用于绿色润滑剂中,还有许多课题有待进一步研究.     

绿色印染助剂的开发与原料选用

指出了印染助剂中被禁用的非环保助剂的致癌、天才畸、生物降解性差等危害性，同时详细介绍了无毒性、生物降解性好的替代产品及原材料的选用，以予科技人员进一步开发符合环保要求和生态指标的绿色印染助剂。     

几种植物油润性能研究

研究了花生油、菜籽油和蓖麻油等几种植物油作为环境友好润滑剂基础油的润滑性能,同时也研究这几种植物油的生物降解性.结果表明植物油以特殊的分子结构使其具备了不同于矿物油的性能,与矿物油相比,植物油除了具备较好的生物降解性能外,还具有好的极压性能和抗磨性能.植物油可用作环境友好润滑剂的基础油.     

浅谈玉米纤维

介绍玉米纤维的结构及其主要性能,突出了生物降解性,探讨了玉米纤维的多种用途,指出在绿色环保的21世纪,玉米纤维是一种极具发展前景的纺织材料。     

浅谈玉米纤维

文章介绍了玉米纤维的结构及其主要性能，突出了生物降解性，探讨了玉米纤维的广泛用途，指出在绿色环保的21世纪，玉米纤维是一种极具发展前景的纺织材料。     

浅谈玉米纤维

文章介绍了玉米纤维的结构及其主要性能,突出了生物降解性,探讨了玉米纤维的广泛用途,指出在绿色环保的21世纪,玉米纤维是一种极具发展前景的纺织材料。     

浅谈玉米纤维

介绍玉米纤维的结构及其主要性能,突出了生物降解性,探讨了玉米纤维的多种用途,指出在绿色环保的21世纪,玉米纤维是一种极具发展前景的纺织材料.     

"纺织之光"2016年度中国纺织工业联合会科学技术一等奖获奖成果巡礼(二)

Lyocell纤维是一种绿色环保的再生纤维素纤维,具有天然纤维本身的特性如吸湿性、透气性、舒适性、光泽性、可染色性和可生物降解性等,还具有合成纤维高强度的优点,其强度与涤纶接近,远高于棉和普通粘胶,在纺织等行业具有广阔的应用前景.     

试论聚乙烯醇浆料的环保性能(下)

为了探讨聚乙烯醇浆料的环保性能,介绍了环保型纺织浆料的判别原则,分析了PVA浆料的毒性、生物降解性和对环境的影响,阐述了PVA浆料的生物降解机理和PVA降解酶难以商业化的原因.指出:PVA浆料的生物降解性较差,可以通过对PVA降解菌进行驯化这一途径,提高PVA的生物降解性.     

Plant‐oil‐based lubricants and hydraulic fluids

It is estimated that, at present, approximately 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the environment via total loss applications, volatility, spills or accidents. More than 95% of these materials are currently mineral oil based. In view of their high ecotoxicity and low biodegradability, mineral oil‐based lubricants constitute a considerable threat to the environment. In contrast, most lubricants and hydraulic fluids based on plant oils are rapidly and completely biodegradable and are of low ecotoxicity; moreover, lubricants based on plant oils display excellent tribological properties and generally have very high viscosity indices and flashpoints. However, in order to compete with mineral‐oil‐based products, some of their inherent disadvantages must be corrected, such as their sensitivity to hydrolysis and oxidative attack, and their behaviour at low temperatures. Various methods to improve the undesirable properties of native plant oils will be discussed. In parallel, government regulations that encourage or enforce the use of bio‐based fluids, at least in ecologically sensitive areas, will help to increase their market share. Using the numerous possibilities for selective breeding and/or chemical improvement of the double bond systems of natural fatty acids by increased R&D, the major obstacles regarding the use of plant‐based raw materials for the production of lubricant base fluids can be overcome and bio‐based fluids should expect a future with increasing market shares. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

试论聚乙烯醇浆料的环保性能(上)

为了探讨聚乙烯醇浆料的环保性能,介绍了环保型纺织浆料的判别原则,分析了PVA浆料的毒性、生物降解性和对环境的影响,阐述了PVA浆料的生物降解机理和PVA降解酶难以商业化的原因.指出,PVA浆料的生物降解性较差,可以通过对PVA降解菌进行驯化这一途径,提高PVA的生物降解性.     

木质纤维素原料制备聚乳酸的研究进展

主要针对木质纤维素原料的可降解性、生物相容性等特点,叙述了木质纤维素制备聚乳酸的优势,包括木质纤维素基乳酸生物炼制过程所涉及的各环节,木质纤维素原料预处理技术、木质素纤维素原料的水解、乳酸及聚乳酸的制备等,评价综述了其方法技术的优缺点,最后对聚乳酸的发展应用前景进行了总结。     

动植物油脂加氢脱氧贵金属系催化剂的研究进展北大核心CSCD

动植物油脂加氢脱氧制备生物燃料或化学品是替代传统化石资源路线的重要途径之一。该路线经济性好、绿色环保,具有广阔的应用前景。从反应机制、单活性金属、多活性金属、一步法实现加氢脱氧和临氢异构以及催化剂失活等方面对近年来动植物油脂加氢脱氧领域贵金属系催化剂的研究进展分别进行了归纳和总结,提出了该领域存在的问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为动植物油脂加氢脱氧的研究提供一定的参考依据。     

Global Status of the Production of Biobased Packaging Materials

Bioplastics from renewable origin are a new generation of plastics able to significantly reduce the environmental impact in terms of energy consumption and green‐house ef‐fect in specific applications. Bioplastics perform as traditional plastics when in use and are completely biodegradable within a composting cycle. Today bioplastics and partic‐ularly starch‐based plastics are used in specific industrial applications where bio‐degradability is required. Examples are composting bags and sacks, fast food service‐ware (cups, cutlery, plates, straws, etc.), packaging (soluble foams for industrial pack‐aging, film wrapping, laminated paper, food containers), agriculture (much films, nur‐sery pots, plant labels), hygiene (diaper back sheet, cotton swabs).Moreover new sec‐tors are growing outside biodegradability, driven by improved technical performances of bioplastics versus traditional materials, as in the case of biofillers for tires. The market of starch‐based bioplastics in 1999 has been estimated at about 20,000 t/a, with a strong incidence of soluble foams for packaging and films. Bioplas‐tics from renewable origin, either biodegradable or non‐biodegradable, still constitute a niche market which requires high efforts in the areas of material and application devel‐opment; the technical and economical breakthroughs achieved in the last three years, however, open new possibilities for such products in the mass markets and specifical‐ly in food packaging. This paper will review the recent industrial achievements of bioplastics in the sector of packaging, taking in consideration their in‐use performances, biodegradation behav‐iour and environmental impact.     

左旋聚乳酸基驻极体薄膜材料的研究进展

随着人们对环境问题的日益关注,研究和开发生物相容性好、对人体和环境友好的生物可降解聚乳酸基驻极体材料已成为当前热门课题之一。本研究在现有高分子驻极体制备原理和方法的基础上,总结了生物可降解左旋聚乳酸在结构、组成和电学性能等方面具备的驻极体基本性能特征,根据早前的研究,分析了制备结晶型聚乳酸基驻极体薄膜材料时添加极性较强的成核剂的必要性,提出在制备这类驻极体薄膜材料时必须考虑聚乳酸的结晶和玻璃化转变对其性能和工艺的影响。本研究为在我国开发聚乳酸基驻极体薄膜材料提供了理论参考。     

国外发展环境友好型食品消费的经验与启示

发展环境友好型食品消费是建设环境友好型社会的重要组成部分,对保护生态环境、促进人类可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。本文采用文献分析法系统梳理了环境友好型食品的环境属性,在产业链各环节对环境保护的具体表现,以及国际社会为发展环境友好型社会而发起的各种食品消费运动。从中发现发达国家对环境友好型食品消费的关注程度正在不断提高,并且取得了显著成效。因此,我国应借鉴国外实践经验,大力倡导环境友好型食品消费,以缓解国内日益严重的资源与环境压力。     

Degradable polyethylene: fantasy or reality

Plastic waste disposal is one of the serious environmental issues being tackled by our society today. Polyethylene, particularly in packaging films, has received criticism as it tends to accumulate over a period of time, leaving behind an undesirable visual footprint. Degradable polyethylene, which would enter the eco-cycle harmlessly through biodegradation would be a desirable solution to this problem. However, the "degradable polyethylene" which is presently being promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to the nondegradable counterpart, does not seem to meet this criterion. This article reviews the state of the art on the aspect of degradability of polyethylene containing pro-oxidants, and more importantly the effect these polymers could have on the environment in the long run. On exposure to heat, light, and oxygen, these polymers disintegrate into small fragments, thereby reducing or increasing the visual presence. However, these fragments can remain in the environment for prolonged time periods. This article also outlines important questions, particularly in terms of time scale of complete degradation, environmental fate of the polymer residues, and possible accumulation of toxins, the answers to which need to be established prior to accepting these polymers as environmentally benign alternatives to their nondegradable equivalents. It appears from the existing literature that our search for biodegradable polyethylene has not yet been realized.     

Fungal decay and shelf life of oranges coated with chitosan and bergamot, thyme, and tea tree essential oils

Chitosan coatings, containing or not essential oils (bergamot, thyme and tea tree oil), were applied to oranges (cv. Navel Powell). Antifungal effect was evaluated by applying coatings before and after inoculating the fruit with Penicillium italicum CECT 2294 (10(5) spores/mL), preventive and curative treatments, respectively. The effect of coatings on the quality parameters (acidity, pH, soluble solids, juice percentage, weight loss, firmness, color parameters, and respiration rate) was controlled for the different oranges samples throughout the cold storage time. Preventive antimicrobial treatments with coatings containing tea tree oil were the most effective with a reduction of the microbial growth (expressed as the percentage of infected samples) of 50%, as compared to the uncoated samples. The coatings did not lead to any relevant changes in the development of the sample quality parameters throughout the cold storage, except for a slightly reduced loss of both weight and firmness when the coatings contained bergamot oil. Practical Applications: Results of this study are a useful tool for the development of new environmental friendly and healthier commercial applications in the control of the main postharvest fungal decay of citrus fruits.