单次曝光频域振幅编码压缩成像

超分辨率被认为是光学成像和图像处理的“圣杯”之一.有别于传统的多幅亚像素图像配准融合实现超分辨率的方法面临的配准误差以及高成本问题,得益于大多数图像普遍具有的稀疏表示特性,本文将压缩传感理论引入超分辨率成像,提出一种新的单次曝光频域振幅编码压缩成像方法.利用4-f傅里叶光学架构实现图像信息的频域0/1振幅随机调制,然后可以使用低分辨率CCD器件实现积分下采样记录对应的测量值,最后利用优化方法从少量的测量值中重建原高分辨率图像.模拟实验验证了本文提出的方法可以有效地实现二维图像信息的获取与重构.此外,本文的方法可以有效地处理大尺寸图像的压缩成像问题,具有重要的应用前景.     

Subpixel rendering for diamond-shaped PenTile displays using patch-based adaptive filters

We propose a novel subpixel rendering algorithm for diamond-shaped PenTile displays, which reduces color distortions while improving apparent resolutions. We develop two types of subpixel rendering filters: main filter and color distortion reduction (CDR) filters. To derive the filters, we formulate a quadratic program to minimize the difference between an original input image and a virtual image that the human visual system perceives. By imposing two constraints for filter size and coefficients, we obtain the main filter, which has a suitable size and is normalized. Then, we design the CDR filters based on the analysis of various patch patterns for image areas. We define the patch patterns to classify local areas with possible color distortions. By imposing additional constraints according to the patch patterns, we derive the CDR filters. Lastly, by matching local areas in the input image into the pre-defined patch patterns, we render the image using the main filter and the CDR filters, which are applied adaptively to the local areas. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed subpixel rendering algorithm improves apparent resolutions and suppresses color distortions effectively, thereby outperforming conventional algorithms.     

Integrated switched-capacitor low-pass filter with combined anti-aliasing decimation filter for low frequencies

A new combined antialiasing decimation filter is presented which allows the implementation of a low-frequency switched-capacitor filter on a single chip. Experimental results are presented for a CMOS second-order low-pass filter with 1 dB passband ripple, a cutoff frequency of 2 Hz, and a dynamic range of 84 dB. The decimation filter converts the input clock of 16 kHz into an output clock of 250 Hz. The integrated anti-aliasing filter has a low pole frequency of about 3 kHz.     

Generalized Comb Decimation Filters for Σ∆ A/D Converters: Analysis and Design

This paper addresses the design of generalized comb decimation filters, proposing some novel decimation schemes tailored to SigmaDelta modulators. We present a mathematical framework to optimize the proposed decimation filters in such a way as to increase the SigmaDelta quantization noise (QN) rejection around the so called folding bands, frequency intervals whose QN gets folded down to baseband because of the decimation process. Comparisons are given in terms of passband drop and selectivity with respect to classic comb filters with orders ranging from 3 to 6. As far as the practical implementation of the proposed filters is concerned, we present two different architectures, namely a recursive and a nonrecursive implementation, the latter of which constitutes the basis for realizing multiplier-less generalized comb filter (GCF) realizations. We propose a mathematical framework for evaluating the sensitivity of GCFs to the approximation of the multipliers embedded in the filter architectures. The considerations deduced from the sensitivity analysis, pave the way to an optimization algorithm useful for approximating the multipliers with power-of-2 coefficients     

两帧图像的"亚象元"技术提高探测图像的空间分辨率

给出两帧图像“亚象元”成像系统的调制传递函数 ,由此分析得出 ,这种技术将采样频率提高 1.4倍 ,适用于探测器占孔比接近 1,按照“亚象元”数字图像的特征 ,进行三种不同插值方法的研究。模拟“亚象元”成像证明 ,两帧图像“亚象元”技术能使图像的空间分辨率提高 1.3 3倍 ,再经过插值处理后 ,图像的空间分辨率进一步提高 ,接近于 2倍的理论值 ,图像质量略逊于四帧图像的亚象元级像。以一块分辨率板作为目标物的实验研究表明 ,两帧图像的“亚象元”成像 ,配合去卷积、图像增强以及插值等数字图像处理 ,空间分辨率得到提高     

High spectral quality pansharpening approach based on MTF-matched filter banks

Pansharpening consists in merging a low-resolution multispectral image (MS) with a high spatial resolution panchromatic image (PAN) to produce a high resolution pansharpened MS image. It consists in enhancing spatially the low-resolution MS image by injecting the missing details provided by the high-resolution PAN image. In this paper, we propose a novel pansharpening approach based on decomposition/reconstruction processing using low-pass and high-pass filter banks. On the one hand, the low-pass approximation (taking into account the imaging system modulation transfer function MTF) of the pansharpened MS image is assumed to be equal to the original MS image in order to preserve the spectral quality. On the other hand, the high-pass filter allowing us to extract the high-frequency PAN details is designed as complementary filter to the low-pass one in order to provide perfect reconstruction in the ideal case. Quantitative assessment performed on reduced and full-resolution images are used to validate the proposed technique and compare it to state-of-art. Experimental results using Pléaides and GeoEye-1 data show that our proposed fusion schema outperforms the pre-existing methods visually as well as quantitatively.     

A Low-Complexity Uniform and Non-uniform Digital Filter Bank Based on an Improved Coefficient Decimation Method for Multi-standard Communication Channelizers

It has been shown in literature that the coefficient decimation (CD) techniques can be efficiently used to realize low-complexity finite impulse response (FIR) filters with flexible frequency responses. In this paper, we propose a novel filter bank (FB) design technique based on the combination of the conventional coefficient decimation method (CDM) and the modified coefficient decimation method recently proposed by us. In the proposed FB, subbands of desired bandwidths are obtained by the spectral subtraction of the lowpass and highpass frequency responses obtained after performing CD operations on the prototype filter, using appropriate decimation factors. The proposed FB that provides uniform as well as non-uniform subbands can be used for multi-standard channelization in wireless communication receivers. We show that the proposed FB has a significantly lower complexity along with superior stopband and transition band characteristics when compared with the conventional CDM-based progressive decimation filter bank (PDFB). The design example shows that the proposed FB offers 74 % reduction in multiplication complexity over the PDFB, when used for non-uniform multi-standard channelization with a fixed frequency channel distribution. If the same FB is used for multi-standard channelization with variable locations of the frequency channels, a substantial 95.67 % reduction in multiplication complexity is achieved over the PDFB.     

下采样对复眼图像超分辨率重构效果的影响

针对复眼超分辨率重构系统中,当以不同成像分辨率(对应不同的下采样因子)的器件拍摄同一场景时,重构效果相对于各自低分辨率图像改善程度不同的问题,研究了下采样程度与复眼超分辨率重构效果之间的关系。通过仿真实验获取不同下采样因子下低分辨率图像的重构结果,从信息熵、信噪比和峰值信噪比对重构前后图像质量进行评价,并采用Romchi Ruling分辨率靶板对仿真结果进行实验验证。实验结果表明:以3至4为下采样因子对512×512的lena图像采样时,信噪比提高7.29db,重构效果改善明显;以相对下采样因子2.2对50mm×50mm的Romchi Ruling分辨率靶板采样时,分辨率提高3个等级。其研究结果可用于指导复眼成像系统研制过程中对成像器件的选型。     

基于滤波器组的遥感图像融合方法及其性能分析研究

提出了一种基于滤波器组的图像融合方法,用以融合高空间分辨率全色图像和低空间分辨率的多光谱图像．在高空间分辨率全色图像经过多通道滤波器组分解的基础上,用多光谱图像直接替换全色图像低频子图像的方式进行融合处理;最后对替代后的子图像进行滤波器组重构得到融合后的图像．实验结果表明,通过调整滤波器组的通道个数,该方法能够使融合图像中空间信息和多光谱信息获得更好地折衷．     

A state-space super-resolution approach for video reconstruction

The main objective of super-resolution video reconstruction is to make use of a set of low-resolution image frames to produce their respective counterparts with higher resolution. The conventional two-equation-based Kalman filter only considers the information from the previously reconstructed high-resolution frame and the currently observed low-resolution frame for producing each high-resolution frame. It has been observed that the information inherited in the previously observed low-resolution frame could be beneficial on the reconstruction of the super-resolution video. For that, an extra observation equation is incorporated into the framework of the conventional two-equation-based Kalman filtering in this paper to establish a three-equation-based state-space approach as a more generalized framework. The closed-form solution is mathematically derived, and extensive simulations using both artificially degraded and real-life image sequences are conducted to demonstrate its superior performance. Furthermore, a unified theoretical analysis is provided to analyze the relationship between the proposed framework and two existing super-resolution approaches, the sliding-window-based Bayesian estimation approach and the conventional two-equation-based Kalman filtering, respectively.     

Curvature preserving image super-resolution with gradient-consistency-anisotropic-regularization prior

Single image super-resolution (SR) often suffers from annoying interpolation artifacts such as blur, jagged edges, and ringing. In this paper, we aim to achieve artifact-free SR reconstruction from an input low resolution (LR) image using adaptive de-convolution and curvature refinement. To achieve this, we propose a curvature preserving image SR method based on a gradient-consistency-anisotropic-regularization (GCAR) prior. The gradient consistency term effectively suppresses visual artifacts such as ringing and preserves sharp edges in images while the anisotropic regularization term adaptively preserves the high frequency information according to the gradient magnitude. The complementary two terms are elaborately combined into the GCAR prior for the SR reconstruction. The GCAR prior is very effective in preserving image details and recovering high frequency information. Moreover, we use curvature refinement to remove jagged artifacts caused by aliasing due to decimation. The proposed method employs an effective feedback-control loop which contains adaptive de-convolution, re-convolution, pixel substitution, and curvature refinement. The GCAR prior is utilized in the adaptive de-convolution step. Extensive experiments on various test images demonstrate that the proposed method produces natural-looking and artifact-free SR results in terms of both visual quality and quantitative performance.     

应用于ΣΔADC的抽取滤波器的设计与实现

介绍了一种应用于ΣΔADC的抽取滤波器的设计和电路实现方法.通过对传统设计方法的分析,提出了一种可以节省10%硬件利用率的改进方法,同时提出了一种适用于半带滤波器的串并联结构,与传统的半带滤波器相比能够提高50%的硬件利用效率.在面积、速度和功耗的折衷的情况下,灵活应用CSD、CSE和多相分解结构,在0.18μm下实现了0.59 mm2的16位数字抽取滤波器.该滤波器与不应用串并联结构的滤波器相比能够节省18%左右的芯片面积.     

Regularized adaptive high-resolution image reconstruction considering inaccurate subpixel registration

We propose a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm considering inaccurate subpixel registration. A regularized iterative reconstruction algorithm is adopted to overcome the ill-posedness problem resulting from inaccurate subpixel registration. In particular, we use multichannel image reconstruction algorithms suitable for applications with multiframe environments. Since the registration error in each low-resolution image has a different pattern, the regularization parameters are determined adaptively for each channel. We propose two methods for estimating the regularization parameter automatically. The proposed algorithms are robust against registration error noise, and they do not require any prior information about the original image or the registration error process. Information needed to determine the regularization parameter and to reconstruct the image is updated at each iteration step based on the available partially reconstructed image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform conventional approaches in terms of both objective measurements and visual evaluation.     

Fixed-point design of generalised comb filters: a statistical approach

This study is concerned with the problem of designing computationally efficient generalised comb (GC) filters. Basically, GC filters are anti-aliasing filters that guarantee superior performance in terms of selectivity and quantisation noise rejection compared to classical comb filters, when used as decimation filters in multistage architectures. Upon employing a partial polyphase (PP) architecture proposed in a companion study, the authors develop a sensitivity analysis in order to investigate the effects of the coefficients' quantisation on the frequency response of the designed filters. The authors show that the sensitivity of the filter response to errors in the coefficients is dependent on the particular split of the decimation factor between the two sub-filters constituting the PP architecture. The sensitivity analysis is then used for developing a fixed-point implementation of a sample filter from the class of GC filters, used as reference filter throughout the study. Finally, the authors present computer simulations in order to evaluate the performance of the designed fixed-point filters.     

数字锁相放大器的实现研究

基于DSP设计了一种采样频率可控的数字锁相放大器。针对数字锁相放大器对低通滤波器性能的要求,采用CIC和降采样的方法,实现了一种高效的窄带低通滤波器。测试结果表明,在采样频率为500kHz时,低通滤波器的通带截止频率可达0.5Hz;当输入信号幅度为5～150mV时,系统测试的相对误差小于0.5%;当输入信号幅度为1～50μV时,系统测试的相对误差小于2%;同时系统在1～120kHz的工作范围内,具有较好的一致性。     

一种新的多频连续波雷达数据采集系统设计

给出了一种基于多速率信号处理的多频连续波雷达数据采集系统设计和实现方法。分析了抽取的时域和频域特性,针对多频连续波雷达的应用背景,分析了实际系统中抽取比的选择,设计了合适的抗混叠滤波器。给出了一种FIR实现信号抽取的高效结构。在此基础上,完成了数据采集系统的硬件设计和软件设计。该方案具有控制灵活,数据传输高速、稳定等特点。该设计已经成功应用于实际系统。     

A New Flexible Filter Bank for Low Complexity Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios

Conventional filter bank-based spectrum sensing methods employ uniform discrete Fourier transform filter bank (DFTFB). In this paper, we propose a multi-stage coefficient decimation filter bank (MS-CDFB) for wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radios. From an initial fixed-coefficient modal filter, a filter bank that has multiple passbands of either uniform or different passband widths can be obtained using coefficient decimation. Design examples show that proposed MS-CDFB offers a complexity reduction of about 30% over the DFTFB while giving a superior sensing accuracy than the latter. The complexity reduction of MS-CDFB over the DFTFB is 85%, if both the spectrum sensors are designed to produce identical sensing accuracies.     

Nonuniform filter banks: a reconstruction and design theory

A general procedure for the design of analysis-synthesis systems based on nonuniform filter banks is described. The procedure is based on a time-domain analysis of nonuniform systems, which results in a set of conditions for the exact reconstruction of the input signal at the output. These conditions are used as part of a powerful iterative algorithm for designing finite impulse response (FIR) filter banks with an arbitrary nonuniform frequency resolution. This new framework permits the design of systems with arbitrary rational decimation rates in different bands. Systems based on maximally or nonmaximally decimated filter banks, on low and minimum delay systems, and on block decimators are also among the systems that can be designed using this method     

级联COSINE滤波器在抽取滤波中的研究

为了解决高速抽取滤波器系统中传统CIC滤波器旁瓣抑制不够的问题,通过对级联COSINE抽取滤波器和传统CIC抽取滤波器的原理推导进行对比,分析出级联COSINE滤波器在幅频特性上同CIC滤波器具有很大相似之处,且在满足高速抽取滤波器的情况下,同时具备很好的低通特性和硬件实现性。通过MATLAB仿真实验得到,级联COSINE滤波器在进行32倍整数抽取时,第一旁瓣衰减约是传统CIC滤波器的2倍,进而说明相对于传统CIC滤波器,级联COSINE滤波器具有更好的旁瓣抑制性能。     

Design of zero-phase recursive 2-D variable filters with quadrantal symmetries

The digital filters with adjustable frequency-domain characteristics are called variable filters. Variable filters are useful in the applications where the filter characteristics are needed to be changeable during the course of signal processing. In such cases, if the existing traditional constant filter design techniques are applied to the design of new filters to satisfy the new desired characteristics when necessary, it will take a huge amount of design time. So it is desirable to have an efficient method which can fast obtain the new desired frequency-domain characteristics. Generally speaking, the frequency-domain characteristics of variable filters are determined by a set of spectral parameters such as cutoff frequency, transition bandwidth and passband width. Therefore, the characteristics of variable filters are the multi-dimensional (M-D) functions of such spectral parameters. This paper proposes an efficient technique which simplifies the difficult problem of designing a 2-D variable filter with quadrantally symmetric magnitude characteristics as the simple one that only needs the normal one-dimensional (1-D) constant digital filter designs and 1-D polynomial approximations. In applying such 2-D variable filters, only varying the part of 1-D polynomials can easily obtain new desired frequency-domain characteristics.