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本文介绍伏特效应放射性同位素电池的工作原理及电池类型.重点介绍了适用于心脏起搏器、微机电系统(MEMs)等的辐射伏特效应放射性同位素微电池,并对这种电池的应用前景作了展望. 相似文献
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近年来,关于β辐射伏特效应核电池的研究主要集中在放射源的选取以及新型半导体材料器件的加工工艺等方面。从能量转换机制、放射源的选择、换能器件材料的选择、电池的输出性能和能量转换效率等方面对β辐射伏特效应核电池进行了讨论和分析。最后对核电池的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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本工作旨在通过对辐射伏特效应核衰变能直接发电机制的研究,探索一条综合利用核反应堆产生的放射性同位素的剩余能量,开发国内空白、国际尖端的高能高效航天及民用核电源的新途径。在理论上改进了利用辐射伏特效应实现带电粒子动能到电能的转换的物理思想,提出利用半导... 相似文献
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提出了利用半导体探测器的PN结内建电场收集辐射诱发电离空穴对,进而实现从核衰变能的电能转换的全新技术路线,成功地模拟了这一转换过程,在不加任何外场情况下,实现了对^239Pu发射α粒子产生的电离电子空穴对高达94%的收集率和对^90Sr-^90Y发射β粒子产生的电离电子空穴对的72%收集率。 相似文献
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考虑放射性同位素源自吸收效应,提出基于半导体材料GaAs和同位素源63Ni的微电池最优化设计方案,并通过蒙特卡罗程序MCNP模拟计算β粒子在半导体材料中的输运过程,对同位素源与半导体材料的厚度,换能单元PN结结深、耗尽区宽度、掺杂浓度、少子扩散长度,及电子空穴对的产生及收集情况等进行了研究和分析,给出了不同结深下,各物理参量的最佳设计值。在源活度为3.7×107 Bq,PN结表面积为0.01 cm2时,提出的辐射伏特效应微电池最优化设计方案可实现:短路电流密度为379.68 nA/cm2,开路电压为1.375 V,填充因子为84.39%, 最大输出功率为440.4 nW/cm2,能量转化率为4.34%。 相似文献
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重点探讨了基于金属筛网扩散组理论来测量氡子体活度粒径分布的Twomy非线性迭带算法、EM最大期望值算法,并据此给出一个氡子体活度粒径分析监测系统的实现方案;该系统通过筛网参数计算画出透过率曲线;然后,根据扩散组数据用这两种算法估算氡子体活度粒径分布,并给出氡子体活度粒径分布的直方图;还用标准的泊松粒径分布数据来验证这两种算法,并用该监测系统对室内空气、煤油灯燃气进行放射性活度粒径分布的测量和分析。实验结果表明两种算法得出的氡子体活度粒径分布呈双峰分布,其未结合态氡子体活度粒径范围、结合态氡子体活度粒径范围都与其它的研究相吻合;但在测量精度方面还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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六氟化铀泄漏事故分析为铀转化厂事故分析的重点。本文采用预先危险分析方法,对铀转化厂六氟化铀泄漏事故发生的部位、泄漏状态、事故可能造成后果的严重程度进行了初步分析,并针对性地提出了预防与应急措施。 相似文献
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《Fusion Engineering and Design》2014,89(11):2743-2747
This paper is based on the remote maintenance system project (WPRM) for the demonstration fusion power reactor (DEMO). Following ITER, DEMO aims to confirm the capability of generating several hundred of MW of net electricity by 2050. The main objective of these activities is to develop an efficient and reliable remote handling (RH) system for replacing the divertor cassettes.This paper presents the preliminary results of the concept design of the divertor RH system. The proposed divertor mover is a hydraulic telescopic boom driven from the transportation cask through the maintenance tunnel of the reactor. The boom is divided in three sections of 4 m each, and it is driving an end-effector in order to perform the scheduled operations of maintenance inside the vacuum vessel.Two alternative design of the end effector to grip and manipulate the divertor cassette are also presented in this work. Both the concepts are hydraulically actuated, basing on the ITER previous studies. The divertor cassette end-effector consists of a lifting arm linked to the divertor mover, a tilting plate, a cantilever arm and a hook-plate.The main objective of this paper is to illustrate the feasibility of DEMO divertor remote maintenance operations. 相似文献
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工业用铅冷加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)初步概念设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文进行了热功率为800 MW工业用铅冷ADS(加速器散裂中子源驱动的次临界系统)的概念设计.设计要求嬗变堆在运行的全过程中满足设定的各项技术要求散裂源中子的能量增益M>400,keff<0.98,峰值线功率密度低于30 kW/m,此外,要求嬗变燃料的平均燃耗深度大于20%.为此,进行了倒料计算,直至堆运行达到平衡状态.设计特点是将嬗变燃料靠近中子源以期提高嬗变率,外围燃料棒含丰产燃料并采用可燃毒物以减缓keff随燃耗的下降.设计考虑了物理与热工问题,说明从堆的角度看,设计方案能满足P&T技术对嬗变堆有效处置次量锕系核素(MA)的要求,平均燃耗深度大于20%,可望将需要深埋处置MA的数量降低至1/100,而支持比则可达10以上. 相似文献
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Measurement of dose distribution in patients during radiotherapy is impossible. The Monte Carlo simulation is an alternative method for dose calculations. In routine radiotherapy, the source-to-surface distance(SSD)method is not practical for an isocentric unit because it requires numerous values of tissue–air ratios and inverse square law. Therefore, this method is time consuming. In this paper, the curves of relative depth doses were obtained for three different SSDs using the MCNP4C Monte Carlo simulation and approximated with a single curve called calibration curve. This curve was compared to the curve obtained by published data, differing in approximately 5% in the worst case. It was also observed that the obtained results were more accurate for distances between-5 and 10 cm from source-to-axis distance. 相似文献
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WANG Na-Xiu ZHENG Hong-Wei 《核技术(英文版)》2006,17(1):11-15
One design of multi-function LIGA beamline has been reported. In this design, two plane mirrors and a series of filters have been employed. One can choose the spectrum range of X-ray easily according to the exposure requirement by adjusting the grazing angle of mirrors and the thickness of filters. And the spot size in the horizontal direction is up to 120mm, which is large enough for exposing 5 inch silicon slice. The typical exposure time is about 1.2h, 1.Sh, 0.5h, corresponding to PMMA thickness of 500μm, 200 μm, 20 μm, respectively. 相似文献
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PENG Jinfen QIU Jinyi NI Jiangfeng ZHAI Maolin XU Peng PENG Jing ZHOU Henghui LI Jiuqiang WEI Genshuan 《核技术(英文版)》2007,18(1):50-54
Radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes was studied by a simultaneous irradiation technique. Grafting was carded out using γ-radiation from a ^60Co source at room temperature. Effects of absorbed dose, atmosphere, dose rate, and the concentration of initial monomer on the degree of grafting (DOG) were investigated and the most appropriate grafting condition was obtained. Subsequently, sulphonation of the grafted PTFE membrane (PTFE-g-PS) was carded out and a series of ion exchange membranes (PTFE-g-PSSA) was prepared. Further characterizations of FTIR, TGA, and SEM testified that grafting and sulphonation of the membranes were successfully processed; moreover, grafting of styrene not only occurred in the surface of PTFE membrane, but also in the micropores of the membrane. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) and conductivity were found increase with the grafting yield. The results suggest that at a low dose, such as 17 kGy, the ion exchange membrane (IEM) which will be suitable for vanadium redox battery (VRB) use can be obtained. 相似文献
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以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)粉体为基材,采用预辐照接枝方法,在PVDF粉体上用乳液聚合接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),并采用溶液铸膜的方法制备了PVDF-g-PGMA膜。利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),压汞仪,电导率测试等分析表征手段对制备的PVDF—g-PGMA膜进行了表征。在氩气手套箱中组装成扣式电池,在电池测试系统上测试扣式电池的充放电循环性能。测试结果表明,在相同制备条件下,以PVDF-g-PGMA作为隔膜的锂离子电池性能优于以PVDF作为隔膜的锂离子电池性能。 相似文献