Semicircular canal function following a flight aboard biosatellite "Cosmos-936"

The nystagmic reflex, latent period, total and mean number of events, and their duration were measured in the rats flown for 18.5 days aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-936 under the conditions of weightlessness and artificial gravity. The studies demonstrated that prolonged weightlessness did not influence the receptor formations and centers of semi-circular canals. A long exposure to artificial gravity brought about a decrease in reactivity and sensitivity of semi-circular canals. The mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed.     

Numerical Simulation of Prenotched Gravity Dam Models

The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of a 96-m-high gravity dam (the prototype) with a preexisting crack. For this purpose, four different gravity dam models were simulated through the cohesive crack model in mixed-mode conditions. Three of the models (1:40, 1:100, and 1:150 scale) were tested under equivalent dead-weight and hydraulic loads. To obtain correct dead-weight scale ratios, the laboratory tests were performed in an artificial gravity field produced by a system of additional vertical forces and by using a centrifuge. The initial notch in the upstream face served as the starting point of a crack that propagated toward the foundation during the loading process. The structural response and the crack trajectories were reproduced satisfactorily by the cohesive crack model. The behavior of the prototype is discussed on the basis of the behavior of the models.     

Repeated hypergravity: morphologic investigations of pituitary, thyroid, blood and bone marrow in rats

To elicit the mechanism of facilitating the mammals' adaptation to repeated changed gravity influence, the pituitary, thyroid, blood and bone marrow were investigated morphologically in rats exposed to single and repeated hypergravity (2 g) and Coriolis accelerations for 5 days during rotation on centrifuge. No distinct difference in blood and bone marrow cytology was determined after single and repeated exposure to 2 g and the Coriolis accelerations. Compared to single and in contrast to single and repeated exposures to the Coriolis accelerations, a repeated 2 g influence produced some structural changes in somatotropic cells of the pituitary and thyroid parenchyma of the thyroid. These changes were indicative of a significant intensification of synthesis and secretion of somatotropic and thyroid hormones. Elevated functional activity of the somatotropic cells and thyroid parenchyma during repeated exposure to 2 g appears to be a part of mechanism that makes adaptation to repeated hypergravity easier and points to the ability of mammals "to remember" changed gravity. It also advocates for the potentiality of intermittent centrifugation as a means of generating artificial gravity forces in space flight.     

Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposifion,the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity field.Predictions in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental tendency.Linear sweep voltamrnetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient (G).The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA.cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.The morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and atomic force microscopy (AFM).The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has freer grain sizes and denser and smoother surfaces,The roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.Meanwhile,mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.     

跳汰机人工床层问题分析与解决对策

结合安康金矿重选生产实践分析了人工床层对跳汰机选金效果的影响。从相对密度、粒度、形状及电磁性方面提出了人工床层的选定标准;提出了填加钢球的配量及跳汰机床层的填铺方法。安康金矿重视跳 机床层的日常管理工作,有效提高了跳汰机作业回收率和船选回收率。     

Effect of Gravity and Initial Stress on Torsional Surface Waves in Dry Sandy Medium

This problem studies the effect of gravity and initial stress on the propagation of torsional surface waves in dry sandy medium. The mathematical analysis of the problem has been dealt with the Whittaker function. Assuming the expansion of the Whittaker function up to linear term, it is concluded that the gravity field will always allow torsional waves to propagate. The expansion of the Whittaker function up to quadratic terms shows that two such wave fronts may exist in the medium. Finally, it is concluded that the sandy medium without support of a gravity field cannot allow the propagation of torsional surface waves, where as the presence of a gravity field always supports the propagation of torsional surface waves regardless of whether the medium is elastic or dry sandy.     

浅谈细粒砂金的选收

为选收细长，密实，不规则的细粒砂金，保证其在分选中的有效重力大于介质阻力，应制定以跳汰为基础的船选工艺和先分级，后分选的岸上选厂工艺，优选适宜矿砂各自特性的选矿设备和操作参数，恰当地应用旋流器，人造草皮和毛毯等，也可有效地捕收细粒砂金。     

Preliminary optimisation study on integrating mining with gravity separation

Optimisation studies on integrating different procedures in mining and mineral processing have an increasing popularity in recent years, and most of them focus on the mine-mill or mine-flotation integration. However, few optimisation studies on integrating mining with gravity separation are found. The gravity separation plays a vital role in coal preparation, which also makes the related integration study necessary. In this work, an optimisation study on integrating mining with gravity separation is first carried out, which contributes to proposing the optimal cut point (the density at which 50% of the feed report to underflow) for gravity separation and the coal seam mass ratio for mining. Specifically, a simplified optimisation model includes separations in dense medium cyclones, dense medium shallow grooves, and spiral separators is developed. Then the Differential Evolution algorithm is employed to obtain the solution that has the maximum economic profit. Finally, the organic efficiency is utilised to evaluate this optimisation. The validation results indicate that the developed optimisation model and the adopted algorithm are applicable. Even though it is a simplified model, it is supposed to provide a preliminary optimisation scheme for integrating mining with gravity separation.     

The mind at AI: Horseless carriage, card trick, mousetrap, clock.

Artificial Intelligence is not about building artificial intelligences. Nor is it about understanding the human mind or any other kind of mind. These are the occasions upon which a more fundamental human urge is playing out, that of seeking new expressive power through new expressive means. AI research exhibits a profound gravity that continuously attracts even the best planned technical efforts back toward tweaking and playing around with representational facility. What deserves emphasis here is that as a culture, we are not yet conceiving of these new representational techniques in terms of their proper powers and limits but rather in familiar terms wholly inadequate, even misleading, for the task of perceiving and then leveraging their lasting significance. In this sense, the phrase "artificial intelligence" is a pristechnolocution, i.e., "earlier technology phrase," such as "horseless carriage," or "wireless telegraph," or "iron horse," or "glass teletype" a phrase that describes a new technology wrongly in terms of an old familiar one, a phrase that directs attention toward unimportant resemblances and decades later sounds anachronistically naive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gravity and solidity in four great ape species (Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus): Vertical and horizontal variations of the table task.

Three experiments modeled after infant studies were run on four great ape species (Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus) to investigate their reasoning about solidity and gravity constraints. The aims were: (a) to find out if great apes are subject to gravity biased search or display sensitivity for object solidity, (b) to check for species differences, and (c) to assess if a gravity hypothesis or more parsimonious explanations best account for failures observed. Results indicate that great apes, unlike monkeys, show no reliable gravity bias, that ape species slightly differ in terms of their performance, and that the errors made are best explained by a gravity account. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mixing Water Treatment Residual with Excavation Waste Soil in Brick and Artificial Aggregate Making

A large quantity of water treatment residual is generated each year from fresh water treatment plants in Taiwan. Landfill disposal of the nonhazardous sludge is impractical because of the high cost of transportation and an increasing scarcity of landfill sites in Taiwan. The water treatment residual was characterized; the ceramic bodies were prepared and sintered to formulate into building bricks and artificial aggregates. The sintering temperature requirement by the water treatment residual was higher than normally practiced in brick works due to the higher Al2O3 and lower SiO2 content. The excavation waste soil, practically clay, was blended with water treatment residual to improve the brick quality. Under the commonly practiced brick-making condition, up to 15% of water treatment residual could be added to produce first grade brick specified by the National Science Council (NSC). Test results of specific gravity, water absorption, and compressive strength of the artificial aggregates confirmed its applicability in constructions as various degrees of light-weight aggregates.     

The resistance index represents the corporeal pressure and not the cavernous wall resistance

PURPOSE: We compare the results of the resistance index generated by duplex scanning and the corporeal pressure generated by the intracavernous injection test followed by gravity cavernosometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 40 impotent subjects with duplex scanning and gravity cavernosometry. RESULTS: For the entire group a significant correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) was found between the resistance index and intracavernous injection test, and between the resistance index and the gravity cavernosometry (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Excluding the results of patients who had a full erection during scanning, the correlation between the resistance index and intracavernous injection test remained but the correlation between the resistance index and gravity cavernosometry disappeared (r = -0.02, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between the value of the resistance index and the cavernous wall resistance, except in patients capable of developing a full erection after vasodilator injection.     

Space Hotels: Civil Engineering’s New Frontier

This paper reviews the prospects for the development of commercial hotels in space; it shows that it is increasingly accepted that this could become a lively new field of business within little more than a decade. The key enabler is the availability of low-cost access to space through the operation of reusable passenger-carrying launch vehicles, the development of which requires investment equal to no more than a few months worth of existing space budgets. When this becomes available, competition will lead to rapid development of progressively more exotic facilities in orbit as companies exploit the unique environment of space to provide guests with ever more popular services. Discussed are some of the civil engineering topics that will arise as orbital accommodation grows from assemblies of prefabricated modules to large structures assembled in orbit, including rotating structures offering “artificial gravity,” and eventually to buildings on the lunar surface.     

从选铁尾矿中回收白钨选矿试验研究

对某选铁尾矿中的白钨进行了综合回收试验研究。根据试料性质,采用了弱磁选-重选-强磁选、弱磁选-重选、弱磁选-重选-浮选等3种方案进行白钨选矿试验,最终确定弱磁选-重选-浮选工艺。试验结果为铁精矿品位Fe65.89%,回收率22.07%,钨精矿品位WO351.64%,回收率为10.94%的分选指标。     

Effect of weightlessness and centrifugation on red cell survival in rats subjected to space flight

Rats were flown aboard the Soviet biosatellite Cosmos 936 for 18.5 d during August, 1977. Five rats were subjected to near-weightless space flight, as with Cosmos 782, and five rats were subjected to a 1-G force via an on-board centrifuge. These rats and three control groups were injected with 2-14C glycine 19 d preflight. The flight rats were recovered from orbit after 18.5 d of space flight. Erythrocyte hemolysis and lifespan were evaluated in the five groups of rats by quantitation of radioactive carbon monoxide exhaled in the breath which arises from the breakdown of the previously labeled hemoglobin. The results support our previous findings wherein hemolysis was found to increase as a result of weightless space flight. A comparison to the centrifuged animals indicates that artificial gravity attenuates the effect of weightlessness on hemolysis and appears to normalize the hemolytic rate in the early postflight period.     

System analysis of the multi-oscillatory functional order in the circadian and ultradian frequency range and its monitoring value for load effects, exemplified by a varying light-dark regimen in the intensive rearing of sheep]

As part of the experiments to influence the annual rhythmicity of sexual reproduction, various artificial light-dark regimens were tested for their systemic effects. From the polygraphic registration of several functions, such as food ingestion, rumination, movement, cardiac and respiratory rhythm were obtained biorhythmometric system-analytic parameters of the multi-oscillatory functional order. Under well-balanced light-dark conditions (LD 13.5:10.5), a high intra- and interparametric degree of functional coupling of 80% is obtained, while under extreme conditions (LD 22:2) this value amounts to 39%, which is equivalent to a disorganized time structure and disturbed neuro-vegetative multi-oscillatory functional order. The significance of these or analogously contrived studies on environmental problems under human social conditions is pointed out.     

溢流式超重力净化反应器内夹杂物运动行为的数值模拟研究

提出一种全新的溢流式超重力净化反应器工业设计,以实现铝熔体与夹杂物的连续分离,为铝熔体超重力净化新工艺的实施建立工艺技术原型。利用FLUENT建立旋转模型,选用VOF模型研究不同重力系数及铝熔体温度条件下熔体内部压力场特征,在此基础上采用DPM离散相模型研究夹杂物的分离规律。结果表明,铝熔体内部存在沿超重力方向递增的压力梯度,且同一位置的压力值随着重力系数的增加而增大,当重力系数G=500时,贴壁处铝熔体的压力值为5.75×105 Pa。铝熔体中Al₂O₃夹杂物（18 μm）分离效率随着重力系数的增大而增加,当重力系数G=500时,夹杂颗粒的分离效率达到100%。在超重力场G=48中,随着铝熔体温度的升高,铝熔体内Al₂O₃夹杂物（18 μm）的分离效果略微提高,当T=1 173 K时,夹杂物的分离效率达99.05%;不同种类夹杂物与铝熔体之间的密度差越大,夹杂物的分离效果越显著,夹杂物密度为3 970 kg/m3时,夹杂物的分离效率达97.73%;夹杂物的去除效果随着粒子尺寸的增大十分显著,当粒子尺寸≥50 μm时,夹杂物的分离效率为100%。      

新疆某金矿重选—氰化联合工艺应用研究

针对新疆某热液蚀变型岩金矿,采用重选—氰化联合工艺进行了提金试验研究。试验结果表明,在重力值为60 G、流态化水量为3.5-4.0 L/min的条件下,尼尔森重选过程可优先富集金品位为311.70×10^-6、回收率为42.23%的粗粒金精矿;在磨矿细度为-0.045 mm占90%、矿浆浓度为40%、氰化时间为24 h的条件下,重选尾矿氰化过程可获得金浸出率为97.41%。因此,重选—氰化联合工艺可获得金综合回收率为98.81%。     

Perceived location of two-dimensional patterns

The study attempted to test the possibility that the center of gravity of two-dimensional patterns is the cue used by a human observer for their localization. Four experiments were carried out. The first, using a matching procedure, required the localization of the center of irregular dot patterns, contour and filled polygons which varied in size and orientation. In the other three experiments the subjects had to point to briefly exposed dot patterns in which overall shape (convex and concave in Expts 2 and 3) and dot density (Expt 4) were manipulated. The performance of these direct localization tasks was found to be as accurate as the performance in previous studies of indirect localization or regular patterns. The results consistently supported the claim that information about position of the center of gravity is used for the localization of visual objects.     

改进人工鱼群算法及其在时滞系统辨识中的应用

针对人工鱼群算法(AFSA)存在收敛速度慢和寻优精度低等问题,本文提出了一种改进人工鱼群算法(IAFSA).该算法中的人工鱼能够根据鱼群当前状态调整自身的视野和步长来平衡局部搜索和全局搜索.此外,算法中还加入了引导行为,即人工鱼在觅食行为未发现更优的位置时,当前人工鱼向最优人工鱼移动一步.仿真结果表明,改进人工鱼群算法在收敛速度、寻优精度和克服局部极值等方面有很大优势.本文将改进鱼群算法应用时滞系统的辨识中,辨识结果表明改进算法能获取被控对象的精准数学模型,并具有较强的抗干扰能力.