A frequency synchronization for TDMA system

A frequency synchronization algorithm utilizing the peak phase error detection and frequency offset smoother is proposed for burst data transmission. The basic idea of frequency offset estimator (FOE) is to use a curve fitting method. The proposed peak phase error detection avoids a large phase error giving a bad value for FOE. For the purpose of controlling the automatic frequency control (AFC), frequency offset smoother by a simple filter is used. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is adequate for frequency synchronization of burst data transmission     

Frequency offset estimator for multipath fading channels

A fast and exact frequency offset estimator (FOE) algorithm using peak phase error detection and frequency offset smoothing is proposed for time division multiple access (TDMA) systems. The proposed peak phase error detection scheme avoids the large phase errors which lead to poor FOE performance. To control the AFC, frequency offset smoothing using a simple filter is utilised. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is adequate for the frequency offset estimator of TDMA systems for burst data transmission     

A 0.6-2.5-GBaud CMOS tracked 3 × oversampling transceiverwith dead-zone phase detection for robust clock/data recovery

For generation of the multiphase clocks for a serializer, a wide-range multiphase delay-locked loop (DLL) is used in the transmitter to avoid the detrimental characteristics of a phase-locked loop (PLL), such as jitter peaking and accumulated phase error. A tracked 3 × oversampling technique with dead-zone phase detection is incorporated in the receiver for robust clock/data recovery in the presence of excessive jitter and intersymbol interference (ISI). Due to the dead-zone phase detection, phase adjustment is performed only on the tail portions of the transition histogram in the received data eye, thereby exhibiting wide pumping-current range, large jitter tolerance, and small phase error. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), based on a folded starved inverter, shows about 50% less jitter than one with replica bias. The transceiver, implemented in 0.25-μm CMOS technology, operates at 2.5 GBaud over a 10-m 150-Ω STP cable and at 1.25 GBaud over a 25-m cable with a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10^-13     

基于LabVIEW的数字相敏检波器实现

根据数字相敏检波的原理,在LabVIEW环境实现了数字相敏检波算法,并分析了算法性能。实验结果表明,整周期采样时,信噪比低至-20dB时的幅度误差小于0.2%,相位误差小于0.7%。为进一步验证,还利用NI公司的波形生成卡和数据采集卡模拟了数字相敏检波在实际中的应用效果。     

Intersymbol interference reduction for differential MSK bynonredundant error correction

A theoretical analysis and experimental results for differential detection of minimum-shift keying (MSK) with nonredundant error correction are described. The proposed demodulator utilizes the output detected from the difference in phase over two or three time slot intervals along with the conventional detector output. A single error can be corrected by using two differential detectors, and a single and a double error can be corrected by using three detectors. It is shown that the error rate performance is improved, especially in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI), without the addition to the transmitted data of redundant bits. Simulation and experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis, which shows that the degradation of differential detection relative to coherent detection is reduced from 2.2 dB without error correction to 1.2 dB with single error correction and to 0.7 dB with double error correction. The method can be applied effectively to mobile communications over a fading channel or to time-division multiple-access (TDMA) communications using burst mode transmission     

Software reliability analysis based on a nonhomogeneous error detection rate model

A software reliability growth model discussed here assumes a nonhomogeneous error detection rate per error which characterizes a software reliability growth process during the testing phase. The methods for software reliability assessment are reviewed, and the model fitting and software reliability analysis for some software error data sets are presented. The optimum software release times are also given for the data analysis results.     

Viterbi detection with simultaneous suboptimal maximum likelihoodcarrier phase estimation

The authors consider maximum-likelihood (ML) detection of convolutionally coded data over the AWGN channel with unknown carrier phase. A receiver is developed for simultaneous ML data decoding and suboptimal ML carrier-phase estimation. The receiver is readily implementable and, for a circular signal constellation, it is totally linear. Computer simulations using two different models of the time-varying carrier phase indicate that the receiver provides good bit error probability performance     

Dual-phase continuous phase modulation for spread-spectrum multiple-access communication

A new class of direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS-SSMA) systems with continuous phase modulation (CPM) is defined. The signals are unique in that the spreading is done by adding an extra phase term to the information phase while maintaining phase continuity, constant envelope, and efficient bandwidth usage. The spreading phase is formed from the spreading code and is independent of the information phase, which allows despreading to be done separately before data detection, which, in turn, allows a simple CPM detector to be employed for data detection. The information phase is considered in the minimum-shift keying (MSK) format, and a serial-MSK-type spread-spectrum receiver is considered for performance analysis. Expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio, the power spectral density, and the probability of bit error are developed, along with methods for computing their values to an arbitrarily close approximation. Numerical results show that the proposed system is an attractive alternative to the conventional DS-SSMA systems.     

干涉合成孔径雷达边缘检测解相位模糊的方法

给出了一种干涉合成孔径雷达相位解模糊方法，该方法利用边缘检测算子确定干涉因子中干涉纹的位置。为了提高干涉纹的检测精度，将纹线检测和纹线跟踪相结合，并采用了中值滤波和相对平均灰度梯度法，该方法具有无积累误差且稳定性好的优点。利用三峡地区的L波段SIR-C并行轨道数据，运用上述方法得到了解模糊的相位图和局部区域的相对地形图，获得了比较满意的结果。     

Data-aided phase tracking detection of Doppler shifted MPSK

A new data-aided phase tracking detection for Doppler shifted MPSK is presented, and simulation results are given. It is shown that the data-aided phase tracking detection of Doppler shifted MPSK provides good error performance     

分布式星载单基线SAR-ATI/DPCA技术性能分析与对比

SAR-ATI和SAR-DPCA技术是分布式星载单基线SAR-GMTI系统常用的杂波抑制和运动目标检测方法。本文从运动目标检测性能出发,以两种处理技术的杂波和动目标的信号模型和统计分布模型为基础,考虑杂波和加性噪声、通道幅度/相位不一致性误差、频率同步误差等影响因素,对ATI和DPCA技术的动目标检测性能进行分析和对比。仿真实验表明在地面场景均匀同质假设下,DPCA的检测性能优于ATI技术;通道相位误差对ATI和DPCA技术影响较大;在采取了一定的同步措施前提下,频率同步误差对两种技术的检测性能影响相对较小。      

Software-reliability growth with a Weibull test-effort: a model andapplication

Software reliability measurement during the testing phase is essential for examining the degree of quality or reliability of a developed software system. A software-reliability growth model incorporating the amount of test effort expended during the software testing phase is developed. The time-dependent behavior of test-effort expenditures is described by a Weibull curve. Assuming that the error detection rate to the amount of test effort spent during the testing phase is proportional to the current error content, the model is formulated by a nonhomogeneous Poission process. Using the model, the method of data analysis for software reliability measurement is developed. This model is applied to the prediction of additional test-effort expenditures to achieve the objective number of errors detected by software testing, and the determination of the optimum time to stop software testing for release     

A failure detection method for integrated voice/data packetnetworks

A failure detection strategy at the data-link layer, implementable between frame-relay network nodes, is described for integrated voice/data packet networks. This strategy makes it possible to respond to link failures early enough to maintain data-session continuity. A simple, two-phase approach is proposed. In the first phase, the presence of a bit error rate violation along the packet link during short, fixed-length time segments is determined. In the second phase, the failure decision is made on the basis of a sequential algorithm. A simple table lookup implementation of the algorithm that requires no real-time computation is described     

Bounds on performance for the noisy reference PSK channel

A lower bound is derived for the uncoded error probability of coherent digital phase-shift-keying without making any assumptions on phase-locked loop speed. An improved upper bound on bit error probability is also derived. The results are applicable to both lightwave homodyne detection, in which the laser's phase noise must be taken into account, and to general partially coherent detection of (binary phase-shift-keying) over the additive white Gaussian noise channel when a noisy phase reference is derived. Bit-error-rate and cut-off bounds are presented     

Soft-decision differential phase detection of turbo-coded M-ary CPFSK signals over Ricean channels

The performance of turbo codes is examined over the Ricean fading channel with soft-decision differential phase detection (DPD). M-ary continuous phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) signaling and puncturing of the coded sequence are considered to achieve bandwidth efficient communication. The effects of the number of phase decision regions, fading conditions, number of states of the constituent codes, and code rate are examined. A bit error rate upper bound is developed, which is useful at low values of bit error probability where computer simulations are lengthy. Significant gains using soft-decision DPD over hard-decision DPD and conventional noncoherent detection are reported.     

改进高阶Vanderpol振子在微弱信号检测中的应用

在高精度的微弱光电信号检测系统中,存在信号被强噪声湮没的情况.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于改进高阶Vanderpol振子的微弱正弦信号定量检测方法.该方法利用改进高阶广义Vanderpol系统的高灵敏度与强抗噪性的特点提高了微弱信号检测的可靠性,再结合Lyapunov指数定量检测和90.移相补偿来实现混沌系统状态的量化判断和待测信号参数的高精度提取.仿真结果表明改进的Vanderpol振子比传统Vanderpol振子运算速度更快.与传统Duffing振子相比,在5％幅值检测误差范围内,改进的高阶广义Vanderpol系统可多获得37 dB的信噪比增益和60 dB的检测门限增益;与基于相轨迹突变定性检测待测信号幅相法相比,90°移相补偿幅相定量检测法在信噪比降低时其检测相对误差仍可控制在2％以内.改进算法实现了微弱正弦信号的高灵敏度和高精度的幅相检测.     

Effects of Jitter and Cycle Slipping of Phase Reference Upon Unique Word Missed Detection in QPSK Systems

The effects of phase jitter and cycle slipping of the recovered carrier upon unique word (UW) missed detection in QPSK systems are investigated. Schrempp et al. have already presented the relationship between the UW missed detection probability (UWMP) and the bit error probability, which is simple and useful as long as the phase reference is noiseless. However, when the authors recently made some theoretical and experimental assessments of UW missed detection, they found that the above disturbances of the recovered carrier significantly affected the UW missed detection performance. Specifically, the actual UWMP was often worse than that predicted hy Schrempp et al. In fact, a bottoming effect takes place in the UWMP versus UW length characteristic. In this paper, after obtaining the conditional symbol and bit error probabilities for the recovered carrier with some phase error, we discuss the nature of phase fluctuation and cycle slipping for the recovered carrier. Consequently, we derive general expressions for the UWMP in both CPSK and DCPSK transmissions. The UWMP's are numerically calculated, and are then compared to our experimental data.     

视频监控下利用记忆力增强自编码的行人异常行为检测

随着视频监控数据的快速增长,对大规模视频数据的自动异常检测的需求越来越大,基于深度自编码器重构误差检测方法已经被广泛探讨。但是,有时自编码器“泛化”得很好,能够很好地重建异常并导致漏检。为了解决这个问题,提出了采用记忆力模块来增强自动编码器,称为记忆力增强自编码（Memory-augmented autoencoder, Memory AE）方法。给定输入,Memory AE首先从编码器获取编码,然后将其用作查询以检索最相关的记忆项来进行重建。在训练阶段,记忆内容被更新以表示正常数据的原型元素。在测试阶段,将学习到的记忆元素固定下来,从正常数据的几个选定的记忆记录中获得重建,因此重建将趋向于接近正常样本。因此,将加强对异常的重构误差以进行异常检测。对两个公共视频异常检测数据集,即Avenue数据集和ShanghaiTech数据集的研究证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

A 750 MHz semi-digital clock and data recovery circuit with 10~(-12) BER

A semi-digital clock and data recovery（CDR） is presented.In order to lower CDR trace jitter and decrease loop latency,an average-based phase detection algorithm is adopted and realized with a novel circuit. Implemented in a 0.13μm standard 1P8M CMOS process,our CDR is integrated into a high speed serial and de-serial（SERDES） chip.Measurement results of the chip show that the CDR can trace the phase of the input data well and the RMS jitter of the recovery clock in the observation pin is 122 ps at 75 MHz clock frequency,while the bit error rate of the recovery data is less than 10×10^-12.     

Optimum symbol-by-symbol detection of uncoded digital data over theGaussian channel with unknown carrier phase

A theory of optimum receiver design for symbol-by-symbol detection of an uncoded digital data sequence received over the Gaussian channel with unknown carrier phase is presented. Linear suppressed-carrier modulation is assumed. The work here aims at laying a conceptual foundation for optimum symbol-by-symbol detection, and rectifies existing approaches to the problem. The optimum receiver structure is obtained explicitly for an arbitrary carrier phase model, but its computational requirements are too heavy in general for any practical implementation. In one important special case, namely, the case in which the carrier phase can be treated as a constant over some K+1 symbol intervals, the optimum receiver can be approximated by a readily implementable decision-feedback structure at high SNR. Simulated error performance results are presented for this latter receiver for PSK modulations, with various carrier phase models. Since a decision-feedback receiver can encounter a “runaway”, a variation of this receiver is developed which uses feedforward of tentative decisions concerning future symbols. This modified receiver does not have any “runaway” problem, and has been shown to yield good error performance via simulations