温度对杨木木粉表面自由能和表面极性的影响

通过毛细管上升法测定了经过不同温度处理的杨木木粉的表面接触角,依据Washburn方程和Owens-wendt-Kaelble法,求解了经过不同温度处理的杨木木粉的表面自由能及其极性分量和非极性分量。结果表明,杨木木粉的表面自由能为23.43 mN/m,体现分子色散力的非极性分量为4.64 mN/m,在处理时间为2 h的条件下,随着处理温度的上升,杨木木粉的总表面自由能略有下降,体现其分子色散力的非极性表面自由能上升,体现其表面极性值的极性表面自由能下降,并分析了上述结果的原因。     

秸秆粉的改性及其表面极性对木塑复合材料界面的影响

通过接枝苯乙烯对秸秆粉表面进行改性,采用毛细管上升法测定了秸秆粉、改性秸秆粉的表面接触角,依据Washburn方程和Owens法,求解2种秸秆粉的表面自由能及其极性和非极性分量,并通过电子拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜研究了不同秸秆粉对木塑复合材料力学性能、微观形貌的影响。结果表明,改性秸秆粉的表面自由能为24.77 mN/m,体现分子色散力的非极性分量为19.79 mN/m;而秸秆粉的表面自由能为18.90 mN/m,其非极性分量为3.75 mN/m,说明接枝共聚可有效地改善秸秆粉的表面极性;与聚合物复合时,改性秸秆粉比秸秆粉具有更好的界面融合性,改性秸秆粉在基体中的分散性优于秸秆粉。     

花生壳粉表面性能及木塑复合材料界面性能的研究

通过动态法研究了浸润粉层的液体质量的平方随时间的变化规律,测定了不同探测液对花生壳的接触角。采用平衡接触角仪测定了探测液对改性聚乙烯的接触角,进而根据Focks理论推导出花生壳和改性聚乙烯的表面自由能及其极性分量和非极性分量,并计算出花生壳粉/聚乙烯复合材料的界面张力和黏附功。结果表明:相容剂Bondyram 5108的加入,使聚乙烯的极性分量和非极性分量都不同程度地增加,改善了花生壳粉在聚乙烯基体中的分散性,降低了复合材料的界面张力,增大了黏附功。     

表面自由能对陶瓷釉面易洁性的影响

用接触角测试法研究表面自由能对陶瓷釉面易洁性的影响.用Dataphysics OCA-30接触角测试系统中的动态接触角记录功能测试水中模拟污物油酸在陶瓷釉面上的动态行为.用座滴法测试不同陶瓷釉面的表面自由能及其组成.用悬滴法测试油酸的表面张力及其组成.结果表明:陶瓷制品表面自由能极性分量所占比例越大,表面自由能越高,水中油酸在陶瓷釉面上的黏附趋势也越小,陶瓷釉面的易洁性越好.当陶瓷釉面极性分量达到46.17mJ/m2,占表面自由能85.91%时,水中油酸在此釉面上的黏附功为2.11 mJ/m2,油酸在98 s后可自动浮起.     

丙烯酸系树脂的吸附自由能特殊能分量对其吸附油烟性能的影响

主要研究了自行合成的3种吸油烟材料以及商用G-1651树脂表面的吸附自由能特殊能分量对其表面吸附油烟性能的影响。用反相气相色谱IGC测定了自行合成的聚丙烯酸异丁酯（PIBA）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯（PMMA-BMA）和聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯（PLMA-2-EHMA）3种吸油烟树脂以及商用G-1651树脂表面的吸附自由能特殊能分量。实验结果表明，4种聚合物的吸附自由能特殊能分量大小如下：G-1651 树脂PIBA>PMMA-BMA>PLMA-2-EHMA。4种树脂吸附油烟能力的大小顺序与其极性大小顺序恰恰相反，即PLMA-2-EHMA > PMMA-BMA > PIBA >G-1651树脂。这是由于油烟中的主要成分都是非极性或弱极性的，因此，材料表面的吸附自由能特殊能分量值越大，吸附质与吸油烟材料表面形成的吸附越牢，吸油烟材料吸附油烟的能力越强。     

热处理对电气石矿物粉体表面自由能的影响

将电气石粉体在500～800℃焙烧处理,用表面张力仪测量热处理前后粉体对水、乙醇、30%乙二醇水溶液的接触角,并用Wu氏方程计算电气石粉体的表面自由能及组成.用X射线衍射仪、X光电子能谱仪等研究热处理影响电气石粉体表面自由能的机理.结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,电气石粉体的表面自由能及极性分量逐渐增加,且在800℃具有最大值;产生这种现象的原因在于随着热处理温度升高,电气石粉体表面铁元素逐渐从二价向三价转化,其晶胞体积逐渐缩小、电极性增加.     

使用反相气相色谱法表征合成纤维表面润湿性

以聚丙烯纤维、聚癸二酰己二胺纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维为研究对象,使用反相气相色谱法,以含有不同碳数的正烷烃和蒸馏水为探针分子,分别测定了合成纤维的表面自由能色散分量和水分子的净保留体积,表征其表面润湿性并分析影响因素。结果表明,纤维化学结构单元是合成纤维表面润湿性的决定性因素：具有非极性基团的聚丙烯纤维亲油性较好,具有极性基团的聚癸二酰己二胺纤维亲水性较好;纱线的线体结构影响合成纤维受热时的膨胀程度,从而显著影响表面自由能色散分量随温度的变化趋势。     

DBD冷等离子体处理云南松表面时效性研究

采用空气介质阻挡放电(DBD)冷等离子体改性云南松木材表面,利用水和二碘甲烷测试不同放置时间木材表面接触角,根据Young-Good-Girifalco-Fowkes方程公式计算表面自由能及其色散力和极性力。结果表明,经DBD冷等离子体处理后松木表面接触角明显降低,自由能显著提高,1h后测得表面自由能提高55%;随放置时间的延长表面自由能都逐渐降低,9~24h内活性降低比较迅速,放置8d后接近于改性前水平。     

高聚物膜层同基板间的剥离性与表面自由能的关系

提出用表面自由能W。来判断高聚物膜层与成膜基板间的剥离性能。以聚4-乙烯吡啶(PVP)膜层为实例,其剥离性的实验结果与理论估算呈现良好的一致性;并发现PVP与基板的理想粘附功同基板材质的表面自由能的极性分量γ_s~p之间呈很好的直线关系,而与表面自由能的色散分量γ_s~d无明显规律性。     

高能球磨低温煅烧制备单相莫来石

研究了高岭土和氢氧化铝的混合物用高能球磨机粉磨后结构的变化，讨论了粉磨样品中莫来石形成机理。在粉磨过程中，颗粒粒径的减小主要在粉磨初期，随着粉磨时间的增加，细颗粒会发生团聚。粉磨5h后，样品会变成无定形态。在较低的温度(1150℃)下煅烧，只有粉磨至无定形后样品的烧结体才会生成单相莫来石。未粉磨混合物在1450℃以前制成的烧结体除了产生莫来石相以外，还会出现刚玉和方石英相。低温生成单相莫来石是因为原料在高能球磨作用下发生了机械力化学变化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.