超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层耐泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)分别制备了纳米结构、双峰结构及微米结构WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,比较了不同结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构及显微硬度,进行了不同结构WC-12Co涂层和Ni60喷熔层的泥浆冲蚀磨损试验,并探讨了它们的泥浆冲蚀机理.结果表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的纳米结构及双峰结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,涂层显微硬度明显高于微米结构WC-12Co涂层;与微米结构WC-12Co涂层相比,纳米结构和双峰结构WC-12Co涂层具有更优良的抗泥浆冲蚀性能,其耐泥浆冲蚀性能分别提高了50%及20%以上.     

超音速等离子喷涂超细WC-12Co涂层的性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂系统,分别制备了超细WC-12Co涂层和普通WC-12Co涂层.研究了喷涂粒子在射流中的特性,分析了涂层形貌、成分和相组成,并对两涂层的常规性能(结合强度、显微硬度、孔隙率和耐冲蚀性能)进行了表征.结果表明,超细WC-12Co喷涂粒子在束流中速度更快(500 m/s),两涂层中WC相的氧化、失碳和分解程度比普通等离子喷涂时低.相比之下,超细WC-12Co涂层显微硬度(1350 HV0.3)和结合强度(65 MPa)更高,孔隙率(0.6%)更低,耐冲蚀磨损性能相当.     

HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层的性能研究

为促进HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层在工业上的应用,采用HVOF喷涂法分别制备了纳米和微米结构WC-12Co涂层.研究了涂层的结合强度,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度及耐冲蚀磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、涂层显微组织、冲蚀表面形貌进行了分析.研究结果表明：两种涂层中纳米涂层显微硬度是普通涂层的1.5倍,最高达到1610 HV,纳米涂层中W C颗粒的分布更均匀,冲蚀率是微米级涂层的1/2左右,性能更优越.     

高含沙水流用水轮机叶片表面热喷涂WC/Co涂层的性能

通过高速火焰喷涂技术(高速氧-燃气喷涂,HVOF)在水轮机叶片用06Cr13不锈钢表面喷涂WC/Co涂层。采用金相显微镜、硬度计、万能试验机分析了WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度;并在高含沙水流环境中通过冲蚀、汽蚀试验测试WC/Co涂层的耐冲蚀性能和耐汽蚀性能。结果表明:WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度分别为0.68%、1211HV、70MPa;WC/Co涂层具有优良的耐冲蚀性能,冲蚀后其磨损量仅为06Cr13不锈钢基体的0.18倍;WC/Co涂层具有良好的致密度、结合力及强韧性,因此涂层也具有优良的耐汽蚀性能。     

粉末结构对HVOF金属陶瓷涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用3种不同NiCr粘结相含量和两种不同尺度WC颗粒的金属陶瓷粉末,运用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）方法制备了Cr3 C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层,在5%H2 SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下,运用腐蚀冲蚀磨损试验机测定了涂层在45°冲蚀角下的失重量变化规律,研究了喷涂粉末NiCr含量和WC颗粒尺度对所沉积金属陶瓷涂层耐腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明,HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层在5%H2SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下的腐蚀冲蚀率均低于低碳钢,并且Cr3 C2-NiCr涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能要优于WC-12%Co涂层。Cr3 C2-40%NiCr和Cr3 C2-25%NiCr涂层其腐蚀冲蚀率低于Cr3 C2-10%NiCr涂层,与纳米尺度WC颗粒相比,微米尺度WC颗粒所制备的WC-12%Co涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能较好。     

水轮机表面HVOF喷涂WC-12Co涂层抗磨蚀性能的研究

采用新型的超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在水轮机表面喷涂WC-12Co涂层,进行了浆料磨蚀试验来模拟水轮机在真实环境下的磨蚀情况,并分析探讨了其磨蚀失效的机理。结果表明:获得的涂层具有优秀的孔隙率、显微硬度与结合强度,其耐磨蚀性能是基体的3倍以上,能够很好地达到水轮机表面抗磨蚀的要求。而WC-12Co涂层具有优良的耐磨蚀性能的根本原因在于涂层中WC的存在,它使得涂层的显微硬度得到大幅度提高,从而提高了涂层耐磨蚀的性能。     

粉末尺寸和喷涂工艺对超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层冲蚀磨损性能的影响

对2种不同粒度的WC-10Co-4Cr粉末,在不同超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺参数条件下制备涂层。采用正交回归试验方法研究了喷涂工艺对HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响,并探讨了粉末尺寸对涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观察涂层的冲蚀表面形貌,以分析涂层的冲蚀机理。结果表明:粉末尺寸、丙烷气体流量、氧气流量和喷涂距离对HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐冲蚀性能有较大影响。在正交试验的结果基础上,建立了冲蚀磨损率与喷涂工艺参数之间的二次回归方程。在低角度冲蚀时涂层的冲蚀机理主要是犁削磨损,而大角度冲蚀时主要是喷涂粒子的层间剥落。     

超音速火焰喷涂微纳米WC-CoCr涂层的性能与空蚀行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备普通微米和微纳米WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪方法分析涂层的组织结构;测量涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及开裂韧性;采用超声振动空蚀装置在淡水介质中研究WC-10Co4Cr涂层的抗空蚀性能和空蚀行为,并探讨涂层的空蚀机理。结果表明:采用HVOF制备的微纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层主要由WC相、非晶Co Cr相和微量的W2C相组成,涂层中WC未产生明显的脱碳现象;HVOF工艺制备的微纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层的力学性能和抗空蚀性能明显优于普通WC-10Co4Cr涂层的,在稳定空蚀阶段淡水中微纳米涂层的抗空蚀性能比普通涂层的提高大约1倍。     

HVOF喷涂WC-12Co涂层性能及磨蚀机理

为提高水力机械表面抗磨蚀性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)喷涂微米粉末制备WC-12Co涂层,测试了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、结合强度及抗磨蚀性能。利用XRD表征了涂层的物相组成,并利用SEM分析了涂层的微观组织结构及磨蚀后的表面形貌,探讨了涂层在含沙水流中的磨蚀机理。结果表明,获得的WC-12Co涂层的孔隙率为0.83%,平均显微硬度达1189.7HV0.2,结合强度大于62MPa,其耐磨蚀性能是基体的3倍以上,有效提高基体的耐磨蚀性能。在含沙水流中的磨蚀主要是由沙粒冲蚀和气体气蚀所引起的。     

高温及氧化对WC-10Co4Cr涂层微观结构及性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、冲蚀试验机等手段研究高温及氧化对超音速喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的显微组织、显微硬度、结合强度、耐磨性能、耐冲蚀性能等的影响。结果表明:在空气中经600℃热处理后,涂层发生了明显的高温氧化,涂层中WC、Co、Cr相的含量降低,转化为Co WO_4、Cr_2O_5、C_6WO_6等氧化物相,孔隙率明显升高,结合强度有所降低,虽然涂层的显微硬度值有所提高,但耐磨损及耐冲蚀性能都明显降低;通过Ar保护,涂层只受到600℃的高温作用,涂层的相组成未发生明显改变,显微硬度有较大幅度的提高,且分布更加均匀,耐干摩擦磨损及耐泥沙冲蚀性能均获得大幅提高。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC涂层抗热疲劳性能的研究

采用HVOF技术喷涂了WC涂层,并对涂层的抗热疲劳行为进行了研究.试验结果表明,HVOF涂层经过15次整体热震试验后,涂层均保持完好无损,未出现裂纹及剥落等任何缺陷;而等离子喷涂的WC涂层经过3次热震试验后就基本开裂和脱落.这充分说明了HVOF涂层具有非常高的抗热疲劳性能.     

高速火焰与等离子喷涂WC／Co涂层的性能比较

分析比较了超音速喷涂与等离子体喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层的形貌,显微组织结构,孔隙率,硬度及其耐磨性,结果表明超音速火焰喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层具有与粉末相近的相结构,也说ＷＣ颗粒在超音速火焰喷涂过程中,只有极少部分被分解和氧化,同时涂层具有很高的致密度,硬度和良好的耐磨性,涂层与基体的结合情况也得到很大的改善。     

NiCrBSi/WC涂层及涂层开裂处抗蚀行为研究

制备了高速火焰喷涂NiCrBSi／WC涂层及其带有开裂缺陷的涂层，测试了这两种涂层的热腐蚀性能，观察了涂层腐蚀前后的组织形貌，并分析了涂层腐蚀后的相组成及元素含量。结果表明：完整的NiCrBSi／WC涂层具有良好的耐热腐蚀性能，带有开裂缺陷的涂层耐蚀性能显著下降，在电站运行至一个大修期时，开裂涂层的热腐蚀增重比完整涂层增加了307％，腐蚀速度比完整涂层增加了550％；NiCrBSi／WC涂层耐蚀性能良好的主要原因是涂层表面生成的致密Cr2O3薄膜阻止了腐蚀的进一步深入，开裂涂层耐蚀性能下降的主要原因是在开裂处生成了疏松的氧化铁。     

等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的热震性能及微观组织特征

以团聚氧化铝复合颗粒为原料,采用等离子喷涂法,变化特征喷涂参数(CPSP),在Q235钢表面制备陶瓷涂层。对制备的涂层进行热震性能测试,并用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析粉末和热震性能较优涂层的微观结构和相组成特征。结果表明:随特征喷涂参数(CPSP)值的上升,热震循环次数先增大后降低;以适中的特征喷涂参数(CPSP=750 A.V/L.min-1)制备的陶瓷涂层,热震循环次数最大;其微观结构为典型的双模结构,由部分熔化区和完全熔化区组成;涂层中主要物相为γ-Al2O3、α-Al2O3和Al2TiO5。     

Improvement of thermal shock resistance for thermal barrier coating on aluminum alloy with various electroless interlayers

NiCoCrAlY/8YSZ coating was firstly directly deposited on aluminum alloy 5A06 by atmospheric plasma spray to make it applicable to short-time high temperature condition. The failure after thermal shock test was mainly due to the stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch between the bond coat and the substrate as well as the galvanic corrosion of the aluminum alloy. Ni-P, Ni-W-P and Ni-Cu-P as interlayers were electrolessly deposited on the substrate in order to mitigate the thermal stress. The composition and thermal transformation of the interlayers were investigated. Thermal shock resistance and bonding strength of multilayer coatings (interlayer/NiCoCrAlY/8YSZ) were tested. Diffusion layers mainly composed of AlNi, Al₃Ni₂ and Al₃Ni were observed between the interlayers and the substrate after thermal shock test. The oxidation of the substrate was effectively inhibited. Ni-P interlayer obtained at lower pH value was superior to the other two interlayers and enhanced the thermal shock life from 38 to more than 200 cycles. With the application of the Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P interlayers, the bonding strength examined by pull-off test was also largely improved from 11.7 MPa to 18.8 and 19.0 MPa, respectively.     

涂层开裂对几种热喷涂涂层抗蚀效果的影响

研究了涂层开裂对高速火焰喷涂Ni-Cr/Cr3C2、高速火焰喷涂Ni60B/WC、高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2、高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl四种涂层抗蚀效果的影响.研究结果表明,涂层开裂导致不同涂层的抗蚀效果有不同程度的下降;基体暴露在外进而被腐蚀是抗蚀效果下降的主要原因;基体被暴露的面积不同是抗蚀效果下降程度不同的直接原因.和涂层开裂和涂层抗蚀效果的影响的研究有待于进一步深入.     

Evaluation of corrosion and wear resistance of hard cermet coatings sprayed by using an improved HVOF process

Research for alternatives of hard chrome plating has been widely carried out in the world. High-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed cermet coating is one of such alternative candidates. Depending on the cermet powder for spraying, however, sometimes the density of the sprayed coatings is not sufficient for desired corrosion resistance. A gas-shroud (GS) attachment for use with commercial HVOF, which is effective in suppressing oxidation of sprayed particles while raising the velocity of sprayed particles, has been developed. The GS-HVOF spray has been successfully applied to corrosion resistant alloys such as HastelloyC. In this study, a WC cermet system with corrosion and wear resistance was sprayed using a gas-shroud attachment. Porosity in the coatings was observed by the microscopic observation of cross sections. Corrosion and wear resistance was evaluated by alternating current corrosion monitoring in artificial seawater and abrasive wear-tester, respectively. Coatings deposited by the gas-shroud HVOF were superior in terms of both corrosion and wear resistance to coatings formed by the conventional HVOF. The density of the sprayed coatings was improved using the gas-shroud attachment, resulting in superior corrosion and wear resistance.     

Effect of adding WC powder to the feedstock of WC-Co-Cr based HVOF coating and its impact on erosion and abrasion resistance

HVOF grade powders are now commercially available and being used in large scale for different components prone to abrasion/erosion. The literature on HVOF coatings based on WC-Co powder shows that there is a huge difference in hardness between the pure WC powder and WC-Co based HVOF coatings. The objective of this study was to improve the hardness of WC based HVOF coatings by adding pure WC powder to the commercially available powder. The hardness data shows that 20% addition of WC powder will improve the hardness of HVOF coating from 1106 to 1395 Hv_0.3. Hardness increase is due to the embedding of tungsten carbide hard metal matrix. This HVOF coated sample was tested for dry sand abrasion and slurry erosion as per ASTM standards. These tests show that abrasion and erosion resistance of HVOF coated samples goes down with the addition of tungsten carbide powder even though coating hardness has gone up. To understand the negative trend, porosity and SEM studies were carried out. SEM studies show that the porosity of the HVOF coating is higher than the conventional HVOF coating. With increase in WC content (30%), the porosity of the HVOF coating increased up to 10%. The higher porosity is believed to be the reason for poor abrasion and slurry erosion resistance.     

20%NiCr-80%Cr3C2涂层抗热冲击和抗氧化性能研究

目的针对工作温度较低(低于550℃)的热作模具,研究热喷涂20%NiCr-80%Cr3C2涂层在5CrNiMo热作模具钢基体上的抗热冲击和抗氧化性能。方法利用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在5CrNiMo热作模具钢基体上制备20%NiCr-80%Cr3C2涂层。采用维氏显微硬度计和万能力学试验机分别测试涂层表面的显微硬度和结合强度;采用管式炉研究涂层在250~550℃之间的抗循环热冲击及抗氧化性能;采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析表征涂层经循环热冲击试验前后样品的形貌、组织结构及物相组成。结果20%NiCr-80%Cr3C2涂层组织均匀致密,具有极高的表面显微硬度(818.9HV)和结合强度(64.0MPa)。200次循环热冲击后,涂层内部产生了微裂纹,但并未相互连通,样品表面依旧保持光洁平整,且粘接相中析出的碳化物颗粒使涂层硬度大幅提高(1029.0HV)。涂层与基体界面形成了Fe和Cr元素的氧化物层,但其厚度增至约1μm后处于稳定阶段,且该氧化层连续致密,与基体和涂层结合良好,并未表现出使涂层剥离的倾向。结论利用HVOF制备的20%NiCr-80%Cr3C2涂层抗循环热冲击性能良好,且能够有效提高5CrNiMo热作模具钢工作表面的硬度和抗氧化性能。     

Thermal shock resistance of FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2-Ni9Al coatings deposited by high velocity arc spraying

FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂ and FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂-Ni9Al coatings were deposited onto low-carbon steel substrates by high velocity arc spraying. The cross-section and interface microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM). The thermal shock resistance of the coatings was investigated. The characteristics of the coatings after the thermal cycling test were studied by OM, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectrometry. The results show that laminated structures with pores, oxide phases, and unmelted particles were found on all the prepared coatings. The FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂ coating with a Ni9Al interlayer registered the best thermal shock resistance, which may be attributed to the interdiffusion between the low-carbon steel substrates and the Ni9Al arc-sprayed coating that converted the mechanical bond between the substrates and the coatings to a metallurgical one.