机器学习在本体映射中的应用

文中针对语义网中同领域内的本体异构现象,以及无法实现领域内本体库共享的问题．提出利用人工智能研究中的机器学习算法来解决。通过概念匹配映射使异构本体的语义更好地得到映射,并在果品领域经过实例的应用,其效果还是客观的。在本体映射匹配研究中,机器学习算法发挥了很大的作用,对语义重叠的概念进行高效率的推理匹配映射．为语义网本体异构的环境下实现信息在语义上的共享互操作提供了一种解决的途径。     

DW中一种基于本体的语义集成方法研究

文中介绍了数据仓库领域一种基于本体的语义集成方法。首先建立领域本体和数据源的局部本体,然后通过局部本体对应的概念树间的映射算法得到数据源全局本体,再和领域本体映射,得到映射关系。最后通过本体推理,得出隐含的语义关系,用最终的语义关系来指导数据抽取、转换和加载过程,实现数据仓库语义程度上的数据集成。     

基于本体语义映射的数据集成机制研究

数据集成的难点是如何解决数据之间的语义异构问题,本文利用本体在语义集成上的优点,提出了一种基于本体语义映射的数据集成框架。根据本体概念的定义及其结构,给出了一种本体语义映射算法,该算法通过属性集合间的比较确定概念语义关系,在计算概念相似度时,考虑了概念名称、概念属性集合和相关概念的语义信息。最后通过概念的属性集映射算法和概念映射算法实现了本体语义映射,从而重点解决了数据集成中的语义映射问题。     

一种基于语义网的本体映射改进算法

针对目前基于语义网的本体映射算法中背景本体搜索面少、本体收集不精确的问题,利用基于虚拟文档的映射技术提取在Word—Net中与概念同义的同义词集,将对单个概念进行搜索转换成对同义概念集进行搜索,从而扩大本体搜索面,获取更多背景本体。提出基于语义环境的动态本体映射算法来排除错误背景本体,使本体收集更加精确。实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高映射的查全率和查准率。     

基于匿名消息广播的电子选举方案

针对目前基于语义网的本体映射算法中背景本体搜索面少、本体收集不精确的问题,利用基于虚拟文档的映射技术提取在Word-Net中与概念同义的同义词集,将对单个概念进行搜索转换成对同义概念集进行搜索,从而扩大本体搜索面,获取更多背景本体.提出基于语义环境的动态本体映射算法来排除错误背景本体,使本体收集更加精确.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高映射的查全率和查准率.     

基于领域本体的语义合成研究

为了在检索过程中全面挖掘用户查询信息,文中提出了一种基于领域本体的语义合成技术,该方法以文本为数据源,引用数据源和领域本体之间的映射关系来表达数据文本的语义.文章提出了一个语义合成模型,该模型由领域本体、关键词语义抽取、概念语义相似度计算及语义推理等相关技术模型组成.文中对该模型进行了实验验证,通过对实验结果进行分析推理可知,文中提出的基于领域本体的语义合成模型提高了检索系统的查准率和计算机处理信息的能力,从而也提高了用户的满意度.     

一种应用描述逻辑推理实现本体映射的方法

本体匹配用于找到两个本体中元素间的映射关系,是数据库应用领域的一个重要问题.本文提出了一种基于描述逻辑的本体匹配方法,利用语义解释实现匹配.该方法首先利用多匹配器发现字面语义关系,并据此利用描述逻辑推理器推理元素相互间关系.借助概念包含推理设计了概念间关系的判定算法,可推理出各种对应关系,如等价、泛化、特化、相离、相交.该方法最终利用推理器RacerPro实现了本体匹配,最后通过实验证明了方法的有效性.     

一种新的基于相似度计算的本体映射算法*

领域本体在知识的共享和重用方面起着重要的作用。本体映射是解决本体异构,在不同本体间建立语义关联的一种有效的方法。针对不同本体间的本体概念映射提出了一种新的概念相似度的综合计算方法,从本体概念名称、属性、结构和实例四个方面讨论本体概念的相似度,同时提出在涉及概念名称和属性名称时,使用其同义词扩展集参加计算,计算综合相似度时,分别用手工和自动的方法赋予权值。实验证明改进的算法提高了本体概念映射的查全率。     

多Chord环境下基于规则的服务推荐

传统的服务发布和搜索难以支持语义表示和服务推理。针对该问题,提出一种基于概念划分和规则推理的服务推荐方法,通过服务分类本体的构建、Chord网络与服务分类本体的动态映射以及本体规则推理,动态生成服务推荐关系,实现服务的语义扩展查询以及对潜在需求业务的服务推荐。实验结果证明,该方法具有较高的查全率和查询效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.