石墨烯修饰碳糊电极循环伏安法测定铜离子

用石墨烯修饰碳糊电极,采用循环伏安法在BR缓冲溶液中测定Cu2+的电化学行为。研究了不同条件对Cu2+电化学测定的影响。实验表明,石墨与石墨烯比例为8∶1,pH=3.5,扫描速度为100mV/s进行循环伏安法测定时,在0.136V左右处出现一个峰形较好的特征吸收峰;峰电压与Cu2+浓度在5×10-8~1×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9905,检出限为5.572×10-8 mol/L;连续测定两周,电极表现出较好的稳定性。     

碳化硅修饰碳糊电极测定汞离子

制备了碳化硅修饰碳糊电极,利用循环伏安法,采用三电极体系测定汞离子的电化学行为。结果表明,以100mV/s的扫描速度测定pH值为2.33的BR缓冲溶液中的Hg2+时,在0.575V左右出现一个特征吸收峰,峰电压与Hg2+浓度在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内可呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9971,检出限为3.7×10-8 mol/L,连续测定2周,电极表现出较好的稳定性。     

碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极测定铜离子

制备了碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极,并研究了铜离子在该电极上的循环伏安行为,建立了一种测定铜离子的新方法.结果表明,在pH=3.4的B-R缓冲溶液中,该电极在铜离子标准溶液中富集Cu2+,在-0.072V处产生一个还原峰,回扫时在0.059V处产生一个氧化峰,电极反应是可逆的.Cu2+浓度对数在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol/L内与电位呈良好的线性关系,其检测下限为5.4×10-8mol/L.     

红景天苷在玻碳电极上的伏安行为研究

采用循环伏安法,线性扫描伏安法,微分脉冲伏安法等现代电化学技术研究红景天苷在玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学行为。在p H=9.0的B–R缓冲液中,红景天苷在0.48V(vs.Ag/Agcl)电位处产生一灵敏的微分脉冲阳极氧化峰。峰电流与红景天苷的浓度在5×10-7mol/L~2×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为5.5×10-9mol/L。建立了一种简单、快速、灵敏的测定红景天苷的电化学分析方法,该法成功应用于鼠血清和人尿样中红景天苷的测定。     

醋酸分子印迹电化学传感器的制备

基于循环伏安电化学聚合方法,以30mmol/L醋酸作为模板分子,5mmol/L苯酚作为功能单体,0.1mol/L氯化钾和0.05mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=5.4)作为聚合底液,聚合电位为-0.8~1.2V,扫描圈数为20,以0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液作为洗脱液进行洗脱20min,最终制得性能较佳的醋酸分子印迹电化学传感器。对该传感器进行循环伏安(CV)表征、阻抗表征、扫描电镜的形貌表征、差分脉冲表征,探索了不同pH磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为聚合底液、不同浓度洗脱液和不同洗脱时间对该传感器性能的影响。发现在以0.05mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=5.4)作为最佳底液条件下,醋酸分子印迹电化学传感器与0~45×10^-9 mol/L浓度范围内醋酸分子二者呈现出良好的线性关系,其检出限为2.85×10^-9 mol/L,同时研究了该传感器的重现性和稳定性。     

叶酸在聚苯胺修饰铂电极上的电催化氧化行为

采用电化学聚合法制备了聚苯胺修饰的铂电极(PAN/Pt),并用循环伏安法(CV)研究了该电极对叶酸(FA)的电催化氧化性能。结果显示:FA在裸铂电极上的直接电化学氧化十分迟缓,无氧化峰出现,而在PAN/Pt修饰电极上0.561V处出现氧化峰,表明此电极对FA有很良好的电催化作用。另外,氧化峰电流与叶酸浓度在1×10-12 mol/L~1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限为1×10-11 mol/L。利用该电极测定市售叶酸片中的叶酸,获得令人满意的结果。     

对硝基酚在β-环糊精/碳纳米管修饰电极上的电催化行为研究

以酸化处理的多壁碳纳米管与β环糊精为原料,采用静电自组装法制备了β环糊精/多壁碳纳米管复合材料。用循环伏安法研究了pH值、扫描速率、催化时间、原料比例、待测液浓度等因素对β环糊精/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极在对硝基酚溶液中电化学催化效果的影响。实验结果表明,β环糊精/多壁碳纳米管复合材料对对硝基酚电催化效果明显,且该催化过程为吸附控制过程。确定了最佳催化条件为选取邻苯二甲酸氢钾作为缓冲溶液,极化时间40s,碳纳米管与环糊精质量比为1∶3。对硝基酚浓度在1.3×10-6~3.5×10-4 mol/L时,对硝基酚的浓度与差分脉冲峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9985,检出限为1.223×10-7 mol/L。     

亚硫酸根在纳米铂-金/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

采用滴涂法和电化学共沉积法制备了纳米Pt-Au和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极(纳米Pt-Au/MWCNTs/GCE),采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了亚硫酸根在纳米Pt-Au/MWCNTs/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明:在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,亚硫酸根在纳米Pt-Au/MWCNTs/GCE上产生了较明显的氧化峰。亚硫酸根的氧化峰电流与亚硫酸根的浓度在1.0×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-3) mol/L的范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9936),检出限为1.0×10~(-7) mol/L(S/N=3)。该检测方法灵敏、简便、线性范围宽,可以用于实际样品中亚硫酸根的测定。     

方波溶出伏安法测定镀镍液中的微量铜

为建立镀镍液中微量铜的测定方法,用方波溶出伏安法测定了镀镍液中的微量铜(Ⅱ).研究了最佳的测定条件,确立了测定方法.试验结果表明,在pH值为4.0～4.5的NH4Cl-Na2SO4底液中,Cu2 于-O.156 V(vsSCE)出现灵敏溶出峰,峰电流在铜(Ⅱ)浓度为5.0×10-7 ～1.0×10-5 mol/L时呈现良好的线性关系,回归方程Ip(μA)=1.06 1.08C(×10-6 mol/L),相关系数为0.999 4.方法的变异系数为2.7%,检出限为2.8×10-7 mol/L,回收率为94%～106%.该方法应用于现场镀镍液中微量Cu2 的测定,效果较好.     

Pt-Fe(Ⅲ)/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定亚硫酸根

为建立一种简便、快速的亚硫酸根分析方法,采用滴涂法和电化学沉积法制备Pt-Fe(Ⅲ)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极(Pt-Fe(Ⅲ)/MWCNTs/GCE),通过循环伏安法研究亚硫酸根在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,并优化实验条件,在此基础上建立一种伏安法测定亚硫酸根的新方法。亚硫酸根的氧化峰电流与其物质量浓度在8.0×10-6~7.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 9),检测限为3.0×10-6 mol/L,水样中亚硫酸根的加标回收率在98%~102%之间。该方法具有操作简便、分析速度快和线性范围宽的优点,可用于实际样品中亚硫酸根的测定。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from