城区小流域暴雨洪水计算方法的探讨

目前城区小流域暴雨洪水计算主要采用水利部门的推理公式和市政部门的雨水量计算公式＋。前者是根据天然小流域而提出的，因城区下垫面的变化及排水管网系统与天然流域的差异，在城区采用该法显然不合适；后者虽考虑城市管网排水，但因其采用的标准与水利部门不同，不能满足水利部门的要求。因此，通过分析水利、市政部门的暴雨洪水计算公式，提出了适合城区小流域暴雨洪水计算方法。     

采用年超大值法进行暴雨资料选样

在编制现代城市暴雨公式时，暴雨选样所用的年多个样法需要资料多、统计也烦琐，年最大值法需进行重现期转换，为此建议采用年超大值法。经应用验证，该法可简化选样和统计，客观地反映现代城市排水设计重现期范围的暴雨雨样的统计规律，且结果与目前所用的方法接近。     

某地区铁路小流域暴雨径流公式验证

鉴于小流域暴雨径流为铁路桥涵孔径的设计依据，直接关系桥梁的运营安全，对形态法与地方公式、铁三院法的结果进行综合分析及比较，确定合理的小流域径流公式，以期提高小流域暴雨径流计算的精度。     

基于设计暴雨法的CSO调蓄池池容计算方法探讨

我国当前采用经验参数法计算合流制溢流(CSO)调蓄池池容,该方法存在参数取值合理性不足、CSO控制效果不清等问题。基于暴雨强度公式和合理法,提出与溢流频次控制标准相对应的设计暴雨,并分别根据简化的三角形径流过程线、由设计降雨过程线得到的径流过程线,给出了CSO溢流口溢流量(调蓄池池容)和污水处理厂厂前溢流量计算方法。以北京为例,拟合得到CSO调蓄池池容与径流截流比、历时24 h设计降雨径流量之间的关系曲线,可供北京城区使用。设计暴雨法可在一定程度上弥补我国当前参数法的不足,为CSO调蓄池池容的合理设计提供参考。     

评《城市暴雨公式统计中若干问题》

评《城市暴雨公式统计中若干问题》夏宗尧（上海交通大学）编者按：关于“城市暴雨公式”的讨论，经多家争鸣，活跃了学术空气，创造了良好气氛。编辑部对参入讨论的同仁深表谢意，该专题讨论暂告一阶段。本文与有关文章中经常提到的代表符号，为读者阅读方便，列在表１中...     

新建阿勒泰至富蕴铁路水文计算分析

针对新建阿勒泰至富蕴铁路水文计算工作中的难点,该线小流域计算时根据暴雨参数与海拔的对应关系,对利用气象站资料计算的暴雨参数进行了调整,大流域水位计算采用了模量公式法,并通过形态调查进行验证,对部分不适合模量公式的大流域结合上下游水库流量资料,采用面积比拟法计算桥址处的流量。     

带因子——迭代法求解暴雨强度公式参数

在修编长沙市暴雨强度公式的实践中，通过对现有各种求解城市暴雨强度公式参数的计算方法分析，提出应用带因子－迭代法求解。结果表明，该法不但较好地解决了非线性方程线性化时易出现的病态问题，而且放宽了迭代初始值的选择范围，迭代收敛性较好，求解过程稳定，拟合精度较高，实用可行。     

指数分布参数估计

1 前言 邓培德等提出,我国短历时暴雨用非年最大值法选样时,其超过概率符合下面的两参数指数分布 P_E=e~(→a(x-b)) (1) 重现期 T_E=e~(a(x-b)) (2) 由于根据样本资料用矩法估计参数计算误差太大,邓培德等人崽议按传统的做法,以重现期为自变量,雨强为应变量,用最小二乘方方法估算参数。为此对式(2)两边取对数后求得     

对土壤—结构相互作用系统阻尼比计算方法的比较研究

本文研究了在高层建筑抗震分析中的阻尼计算问题，研究了考虑土壤－结构相互作用下，儿模态阻尼比的５种计算方法：振型加权法、应变能加权法、动能加权法、传递函数法和比例阻尼法。在ＥＬ－Ｃｅｎｔｒｏ地震波作用下，对一个十层楼房的实例进行了数值计算，并对各种方法所得到的阻尼和响应值进行分析和比较，最后这些方法作出评价，认为动能加权法和比例阻尼法比较适合于工程应用。     

谈高铁沿线河流的水文验证计算

介绍了沪昆高铁湖南省怀化地区的地形地貌与水文特征,分别用铁二院山区公式、形态法、地方小径流暴雨公式,对高铁沿线河流的水文进行了验证计算,得出铁二院山区法计算的流域流量较接近该地区实际情况。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。