SiGe HBT60Coγ射线辐照效应及退火特性

研究了国产SiGe异质结双极晶体管(HBT)60Co γ射线100Gy(Si)～10kGy(Si)总剂量辐照后的辐照效应及辐照后的退火特性.测试了辐照及退火后的直流电参数.实验结果显示,辐照后基极电流(Ib)明显增大,而集电极电流(Ic)基本不变,表明Ib的增加是电流增益退化的主要原因.退火结果表现为电流增益(β=Ic/Ib)继续衰降,表明SiGe HBT具有"后损伤"效应.对其机理进行了探讨,结果表明其主要原因是室温退火中界面态继续增长引起的.     

SiGe HBT与Si BJT的~(60)Co射线总剂量辐照效应比较

研究了国产结构参数近似的SiGe HBT与Si BJT在60Coγ射线辐照前和不同剂量辐照后性能的变化,并作了比较。辐照后集电极电流Ic变化很小,基极电流Ib明显增大,表明辐照后电流增益的下降主要是由于Ib的退化所导致。当辐照剂量达到10kGy(Si)时,SiGe HBT和Si BJT的最大电流增益分别下降为77%和55%,表明了SiGe HBT具有比Si BJT更好的抗γ射线辐照性能。对辐射损伤机理进行了探讨。     

SiGe HBT 60Co γ辐照总剂量效应

测量了SiGe HBT直流增益在60Coγ辐照过程中随剂量及器件电流注入水平的变化。实验结果显示在累计辐照剂量超过5 000 Gy(Si)后,器件电流增益变化与辐照剂量存在线性反比关系,且增益损伤系数与器件电流注入水平有关;器件在受到总剂量为2.78×104Gy(Si)辐照后,器件静态基极电流Ib、集电极电流Ic、静态直流增益及最大振荡频率fmax出现不同程度退化;但器件其他电参数如截止频率fT、交流增益|H21|及结电容(CCBO)与辐照前相比未出现显著退化。利用MEDICI数值模拟分析了SiGe HBT参数退化机理。     

SiGe HBT和Si BJT的γ射线辐照效应比较

比较了经剂量为400 krad(Si)的Y射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流电学性能的变化.通常SiGe HBT辐照后的Ib增加,Ic下降,直流放大倍数变化很小;Si BJT辐照后的Ib增加,而Ic通常也增加,并且变化幅度很大,直流放大倍数明显下降,相同剂量下变化幅度比SiGe HBT约高一个量级.表明SiGe HBT比Si BJT有更好的抗辐照性能,并对辐照导致的电特性的变化原因进行了初步解释.     

SiGe HBT的脉冲中子及γ辐射效应

测量了反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐照SiGe HBT典型电参数变化.在反应堆1×1013cm-2的脉冲中子注量和256.85Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.特征截止频率fT基本不变,fmax略有减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐射的损伤机理.     

SiGe HBT的脉冲中子及γ辐射效应

测量了反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐照SiGe HBT典型电参数变化.在反应堆1×1013cm-2的脉冲中子注量和256.85Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.特征截止频率fT基本不变,fmax略有减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐射的损伤机理.     

辐照对SiGe HBT增益的影响

比较了电子和γ射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流增益β的变化.在Vbe≤0.5V时,较高剂量辐照时SiGe HBT的放大倍数辐照损伤因子d(β)为负;在Vbe≥0.5V时,SiGe HBT的d(β)远比Si BJT的小.SiGe HBT有更好的抗辐照性能.针对测得的一些电子陷阱对辐照致性能变化的影响进行了讨论.     

辐照对SiGe HBT增益的影响

比较了电子和γ射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流增益β的变化.在Vbe≤0.5V时,较高剂量辐照时SiGe HBT的放大倍数辐照损伤因子d(β)为负;在Vbe≥0.5V时,SiGe HBT的d(β)远比Si BJT的小.SiGe HBT有更好的抗辐照性能.针对测得的一些电子陷阱对辐照致性能变化的影响进行了讨论.     

SiGe HBT瞬时剂量率效应实验及仿真研究

锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor,SiGe HBT)由于其优异的温度和频率特性,在航空航天等极端环境中具有良好的使用前景,其辐射效应得到了广泛关注。针对KT9041 SiGe HBT进行了瞬时γ射线及脉冲激光辐照实验,获得其瞬时剂量率效应(Transient Dose Rate Effect,TDRE)响应。实验结果表明,SiGe HBT收集极在辐照下会产生明显的光电流脉冲,并且存在着饱和阈值的现象。此外,在脉冲激光辐照实验中还进行了SiGe HBT总剂量效应与瞬时剂量率效应的协同效应研究。发现SiGe HBT在经过总剂量辐照后其产生的光电流幅值会变大。为了分析实验中观察到的现象,应用TCAD建立了KT9041 SiGe HBT的仿真模型,并进行了瞬时γ射线辐照以及总剂量效应仿真研究。仿真发现,SiGe HBT收集极光电流出现的饱和现象是由示波器端口50 Ω匹配电阻所造成的。而总剂量效应导致的光电流幅值变大则是由于总剂量效应会在SiGe HBT收集极电极处的Si/SiO₂界面引入正电荷缺陷,正电荷缺陷产生的局部电场会对自由电子产生吸引作用,导致更多的自由电子被收集极收集,从而产生幅值更大的光电流。     

微波功率SiGe HBT的温度特性

通过研究SiGe异质结双极型晶体管(HBT)的温度特性,发现SiGe HBT的发射结正向电压随温度的变化率小于同质结Si双极型晶体管(BJT).在提高器件或电路热稳定性时,SiGe HBT可以使用比Si BJT更小的镇流电阻.同时SiGe HBT共发射级输出特性曲线在高电压大电流下具有负阻特性,而负阻效应的存在可以有效地抑制器件的热不稳定性效应,从而在温度特性方面证明了SiGe HBT更适合于微波功率器件.     

Si离子注入对SIMOX SOI材料抗总剂量辐照性能的影响

为了提高SIMOX SOI材料抗总剂量辐照的能力,采用硅注入绝缘埋层后退火得到改性的SIMOX SOI材料．辐照前后,用pseudo-MOSFET方法测试样品的ID-VG特性曲线．结果表明,合适的硅离子注入工艺能有效提高材料抗总剂量辐照的能力．     

Si离子注入对SIMOX SOI材料抗总剂量辐照性能的影响

为了提高SIMOX SOI材料抗总剂量辐照的能力,采用硅注入绝缘埋层后退火得到改性的SIMOX SOI材料.辐照前后,用pseudo-MOSFET方法测试样品的ID-VG特性曲线.结果表明,合适的硅离子注入工艺能有效提高材料抗总剂量辐照的能力.     

Methods for the Prediction of Total-Dose Effects on Modern Integrated Semiconductor Devices in Space: A Review

Ionizing-radiation effects on space microelectronics are addressed. Major approaches to the radiation-hardness evaluation of IC components in terms of total-dose effects at low dose rates are reviewed. The main mechanisms and kinetic models of radiation degradation are discussed from the standpoint of the prediction of IC radiation response.     

SIMOX埋氧层的总剂量辐射硬度对埋氧层中注氮剂量的敏感性

为了提高SIMOX(separation-by-implanted-oxygen)SOI(silicon-on-insulator)结构中埋氧层(BOX)的总剂量辐射硬度,埋氧层中分别注入了2×1015和3×1015cm-2剂量的氮.实验结果表明,在使用Co-60源对埋氧层进行较低总剂量的辐照时,埋氧层的总剂量辐射硬度对注氮剂量是非常敏感的.尽管埋氧层中注氮剂量的差别很小,但经5×104 rad(Si)剂量的辐照后,注入2×1015cm-2剂量氮的埋氧层表现出了比未注氮埋氧层高得多的辐射硬度,而注入3×1015cm-2剂量氮的埋氧层的辐射硬度却比未注氮埋氧层的辐射硬度还低.然而,随辐照剂量的增加(从5×104到5×105rad(Si)),这种埋氧层的总剂量辐射硬度对注氮剂量的敏感性降低了.采用去掉SOI顶硅层的MOS高频C-V技术来表征埋氧层的总剂量辐射硬度.另外,观察到了MSOS(metal-silicon-BOX-silicon)结构的异常高频C-V曲线,并对其进行了解释.     

CMOS图像传感器抗电离辐射加固技术研究

太空环境中的电离辐射会导致CMOS图像传感器性能退化,甚至造成永久性损毁。文章对CMOS图像传感器抗电离辐射加固技术进行了研究,从版图设计、电路设计等方面提出相应的抗辐射策略,并进行了总剂量和单粒子试验。试验结果表明,采用抗辐射加固技术设计制作的CMOS图像传感器具备抗总剂量和单粒子辐射能力,当总剂量达到100krad(Si)、单粒子辐射总注量达到1×10⁷p/cm²时,器件的关键指标变化符合预期要求。     

Second-layer polysilicon structures for gate end-around leakage-current compensation in bulk CMOS ICs

CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) operating in space or other radiation environments can suffer from three different reliability problems due to the radiation: total dose effects, dose rate effects, and single event effects. The two most significant total-dose reliability problems are subthreshold, gate, end-around leakage current and threshold voltage shift. This article documents the theory, design, implementation, and testing of new, second-layer polysilicon structures that can compensate for radiation-induced, subthreshold, gate, end-around, leakage current. Second-layer polysilicon is available in many commercial, bulk CMOS processes and is normally used for floating-gate devices, such as EEPROMs and FPLAs, and charge-coupled devices such as CCD focal plan arrays. The use of the described structures in CMOS ICs would allow radiation tolerant ICs to be fabricated with commercial, bulk CMOS processes, greatly reducing manufacturing costs when compared to the cost of fabricating ICs on dedicated, radiation-hardened process lines.     

Practical considerations in the design of SRAM cells on SOI

This paper presents the practical issues encountered in designing SRAM cell design on partially depleted SOI, including the effects of floating-body potential and parasitic bipolar. It also discusses the characteristics of single-event upsets (SEU) harden and total-dose radiation harden of SOI SRAM. A fully integrated solution, using a new type memory cell SRAM described.     

Radiation effects on scientific CMOS image sensor

A systemic solution for radiation hardened design is presented. Besides, a series of experiments have been carried out on the samples, and then the photoelectric response characteristic and spectral characteristic before and after the experiments have been comprehensively analyzed. The performance of the CMOS image sensor with the radiation hardened design technique realized total-dose resilience up to 300 krad(Si) and resilience to single-event latch up for LET up to110 MeV·cm²/mg.     

/sup 60/Co gamma irradiation effects on n-GaN Schottky diodes

The effect of /spl gamma/-ray exposure on the electrical characteristics of nickel/n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes has been investigated using current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. The results indicate that /spl gamma/-irradiation induces an increase in the effective Schottky barrier height extracted from C-V measurements. Increasing radiation dose was found to degrade the reverse leakage current, whereas its effect on the forward I-V characteristics was negligible. Low temperature (/spl les/50) post-irradiation annealing after a cumulative irradiation dose of 21 Mrad(Si) was found to restore the reverse I-V characteristics to pre-irradiation levels without significantly affecting the radiation-induced changes in C-V and forward I-V characteristics. Three shallow radiation-induced defect centers with thermal activation energies of 88 104 and 144 meV were detected by DLTS with a combined production rate of 2.12 /spl times/ 10/sup -3/ cm/sup -1/. These centers are likely to be related to nitrogen-vacancies. The effect of high-energy radiation exposure on device characteristics is discussed taking into account possible contact inhomogeneities arising from dislocations and interfacial defects. The DLTS results indicate that GaN has an intrinsically low susceptibility to radiation-induced material degradation, yet the effects observed in the Schottky diode I-V and C-V characteristics indicate that the total-dose radiation hardness of GaN devices may be limited by susceptibility of the metal-GaN interface to radiation-induced damage.     

Radiation-hardened silicon-on-insulator complementary junction field-effect transistors

The effects of total-dose radiation have been investigated for complementary junction field-effect transistors fabricated in zone-melting recrystallized Si films on SiO2-coated Si substrates. With a - 5-V bias applied to the Si substrate during irradiation and device operation, both n- and p-channel devices show low threshold-voltage shift (<-0.09 and <-0.12 V, respectively), low leakage currents (<- 1- and <3-pA/µm channel width, respectively) and small transconductance degradation (<15 percent) for total doses up to 10⁸rad (Si).