共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Carter Litchfield J. E. Lord A. F. Isbell Raymond Reiser 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1963,40(10):553-557
The equilibrium composition ofcis andtrans isomers obtained by isomerizing oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids with selenium or nitrous acid has been studied using
gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The oleic/elaidic equilibrium mixture was found to contain 75–80% elaidic acid
instead of the generally accepted 66% value. It is felt that the greater accuracy of gas chromatography and infrared analyses
over older methods allows this equilibrium to be defined with greater precision.
Similar studies on thecis-trans isomerization of linoleic and linolenic acids indicated that their equilibrium mixtures also contained 75–80%trans double bonds. With linoleic acid, thesetrans bonds were shown to be randomly distributed among the double bonds present.
Cis-trans isomerization of linoleic or linolenic acids with selenium produced by-products having elution times equivalent to 18∶2,
18∶1, and 18∶0 on a gas chromatograph. No such by-products were observed when oleic acid was isomerized. Apparently some type
of hydrogen-transfer reaction accompanies thecis-trans isomerization of polyunsaturated acids with selenium.
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Toronto, Canada, 1962. 相似文献
2.
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on metabolism of isotope-labeled oleic,linoleic, and CLA isomers in women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary CLA on accretion of 9c-18∶1, 9c, 12c-18∶2, 10t, 12c-18∶2, and 9c, 11t-18∶2 and conversion of these FA to their desaturated, elongated, and chain-shortened metabolites. The subjects were six healthy
adult women who had consumed normal diets supplemented with 6 g/d of sunflower oil or 3.9 g/d of CLA for 63 d. A mixture of
10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4, 9c, 11t-18∶2-d
6, 9c-18∶1-d
8, and 9c, 12c-18∶2-d
2, as their ethyl esters, was fed to each subject, and nine blood samples were drawn over a 48-h period. The results show that
dietary CLA supplementation had no effect on the metabolism of the deuterium-labeled FA. These metabolic results were consistent
with the general lack of a CLA diet effect on a variety of physiological responses previously reported for these women. The
2H-CLA isomers were metabolically different. The relative percent differences between the accumulation of 9c, 11t-18∶2-d
6 and 10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4 in plasma lipid classes ranged from 9 to 73%. The largest differences were a fourfold higher incorporation of 10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4 than 9c, 11t-18∶2-d
6 in 1-acyl PC and a two- to threefold higher incorporation of 9c, 11t-18∶2-d
6 than 10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4 in cholesterol esters. Compared to 9c-18∶1-d
8 and 9c, 12c-18∶2-d
2, the 10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4 and 9c, 11t-18∶2-d
6 isomers were 20–25% less well absorbed. Relative to 9c-18∶1, incorporation of the CLA isomers into 2-acyl PC and cholesterol ester was 39–84% lower and incorporation of 10t, 12c-18∶2 was 50% higher in 1-acyl PC. This pattern of selective incorporation and discrimination is similar to the pattern generally
observed for trans and cis 18∶1 positional isomers. Elongated and desaturated CLA metabolites were detected. The concentration of 6c, 10t, 12c-18∶3-d
4 in plasma TG was equal to 6.8% of the 10t, 12c-18∶2-d
4 present, and TG was the only lipid fraction that contained a CLA metabolite present at concentrations sufficient for reliable
quantification. In conclusion, no effect of dietary CLA was observed, absorption of CLA was less than that of 9c-18∶1, CLA positional isomers were metabolically different, and conversion of CLA isomers to desaturated and elongated metabolites
was low. 相似文献
3.
The influence of dietary supplementation with 20:4n−6 on uptake and turnover of deuterium-labeled linoleic acid (18:2n−6[d 2]) in human plasma lipids and the synthesis of desaturated and elongated n−6 fatty acids from 18:2n−6[d 2] were investigated in six adult male subjects. The subjects were fed either a high-arachidonic acid (HIAA) diet containing 1.7 g/d or a low-AA (LOAA) diet containing 0.21 g/d of AA for 50 d. Each subject was then dosed with about 3.5 g of 18:2n−6[d 2] as the triglyceride (TG) at 8:00 a.m., 12:00, and 5:00 p.m. The total 18:2n−6[d 2] fed to each subject was about 10.4 g and is approximately equal to one-half of the daily intake of 18:2n−6 in a typical U.S. male diet. Nine blood samples were drawn over a 96-h period. Methyl esters of plasma total lipid (TL), TG, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Dietary 20:4n−6 supplementation did not affect uptake of 18:2n−6[d 2] in plasma lipid classes over the 4-d study period nor the estimated half-life of 24–36 h for 18:2n−6[d 2]. The percentages of major deuterium-labeled desaturation and elongation products in plasma TL, as a percentage of total deuterated fatty acids, were 1.35 and 1.34% 18:3n−6[d 2]; 0.53 and 0.50% 20:2n−6[d 2]; 1.80 and 0.92% 20:3n−6[d 2] and 3.13 and 1.51% 20:4n−6[d 2] for the LOAA and HIAA diet groups, respectively. Trace amounts (<0.1%) of the TL concentration data for both 20:3n−6[d 2] and 20:4n−6[d 2] were 48% lower (P<0.05) in samples from the HIAA diet group than in samples from the LOAA diet group. For a normal adult male consuming a typical U.S. diet, the estiamted accumulation in plasma TL of 20:4n−6 synthesized from 20 g/d (68 mmole) of 18:2n−6 is 677 mg/d (2.13 mmole). Dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/d of 20:4n−6 reduced accumulation of 20:4n−6 synthesized from 20 g/d of 18:2n−6 to about 326 mg/d (1.03 mmole). 相似文献
4.
Summary 1. The melting points of binary mixtures of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids have been reported.
2. The oleic-linoleic acid system has eutectics for the α and β forms of oleic acid of 75.2 and 76.3 mole per cent linoleic
acid, at −10.0° and −9.8°, respectively.
3. Linoleic and linolenic acid mixtures show only melting points intermediate between the pure acids.
4. The oleic-linolenic acid system has eutectics for the α and β forms of oleic acid of 82.7 and 85.5 mole per cent linolenic
acid, at −15.7° and −15.1°, respectively.
A cooperative organization participated in by the Bureaus of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering and Plant Industry of
the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the North Central States of Illinois. Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas. Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. 相似文献
5.
R. W. Riemenschneider C. E. Swift Chas E. Sando 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1941,18(10):203-206
Summary Thiocyanogen values were determined on the methyl esters of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and on six different mixtures
of these esters, using 0.1 and 0.2 normal thiocyanogen solutions. The values determined with 0.1 N solutions showed less variation
than those determined with 0.2 N.
The composition of the mixtures calculated from equations based on the found thiocyanogen values of the esters agreed with
the known composition within reasonable limits. Comparisons were made with the composition calculated with the Kaufmann-theory
values.
It is suggested that the F.A.C. consider adopting tentatively the values 89.4 for oleic acid, 93.9 for linoleic acid, and
162.0 for linolenic acid when 0.1 N thiocyanogen solutions are used; the values 89.4, 96.8, and 167.5 when 0.2 N solutions
are employed. These represent the average of the values for these acids which have been reported in the literature.
Agricultural Chemical Research Division Contribution No. 15 相似文献
6.
Carter Litchfield 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(9):467-472
Correlation studies on lipolysis data from 24 species of Cruciferae seed triglycerides have revealed very regular positional
distribution patterns for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. When the ratio % 18:1 in β-position/% 18:1 in total triglycerides
for each species is plotted vs. the content of Category I acids (16:0, 18:0, plus all C20, C22 and C24 acids) in the total triglycerides, a smooth curve is obtained. Application of suitable statistical procedures yields a best-fitting
curve, from which an equation expressing the % 18:1 in the β-position as a function of the fatty acid composition of the total
triglycerides can be derived. The % 18:1 in the α-position is then readily calculated by difference. Similar distinctive relationships
have also been developed for linoleic and linolenic acids. Comparison of calculated and experimental results shows that the
relationships developed here are considerably more accurate than the previous Gunstone-Mattson and Evans hypotheses for estimating
the α,β-distributions of 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in Cruciferae seed triglycerides.
Presented in part at the AOCS meeting in San Francisco, California, April 1969. 相似文献
7.
The desaturation of14C-1-linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid and their incorporation into the microsomal lipids of rats fed on a balanced diet and
a protein diet were measured in vitro. It was shown that a protein diet does not change significantly the distribution of
the radioactivity among the different lipidic fractions compared to the animals fed on a balanced diet. However the microsomal
desaturation of linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid increased in the rats maintained on a protein diet. Besides, the amount
and composition of the free fatty acids present in the microsomes of the animals fed on both diets were similar enough to
discard the hypothesis that they may modify the desaturation of linoleic acid produced by the diet. The enzymic activity of
the linoleyl desaturase of liver microsomes of animals fed on a protein diet, measured in substrate saturating conditions,
is greater than in animals with balanced diet. Consequently the results support the hypothesis that a protein diet increases
specifically the desaturating activity of the microsomes. 相似文献
8.
9.
The effect of dietary TAG structure and fatty acid acyl TAG position on palmitic and linoleic acid metabolism was investigated
in four middle-aged male subjects. The study design consisted of feeding diets containing 61 g/d of native lard (NL) or randomized
lard (RL) for 28 d. Subjects then received an oral dose of either 1,3-tetradeuteriopalmitoyl-2-dideuteriolinoleoyl-rac-glycerol or a mixture of 1,3-dideuteriolinoleoyl-2-tetradeuteriopalmitoyl-rac-glycerol and 1,3-hexadeuteriopalmitoyl-2-tetradeuteriolinoleoyl-rac-glycerol. Methyl esters of plasma lipids isolated from blood samples drawn over a 2-d period were analyzed by GC-MS. Results
showed that absorption of the 2H-fatty acids (2H-FA) was not influenced by TAG position. The 2H-FA at the 2-acyl TAG position were 85±4.6% retained after absorption. Substantial migration of 2H-16∶0 (31.2±8.6%) from the sn-2 TAG position to the sn-1,3 position and 2H-18∶2n−6 (52.8±6.4%) from the sn-1,3 position to the sn-2 position of chylomicron TAG occurred after initial absorption and indicates the presence of a previously unrecognized isomerization
mechanism. Incorporation and turnover of the 2H-FA in chylomicron TAG, plasma TAG, and plasma cholesterol esters were not influenced by TAG acyl position. Accretion of
2H-16∶0 from the sn-2 TAG position in 1-acylphosphatidylcholine was 1.7 times higher than 2H-16∶0 from the sn-1,3 TAG positions. Acyl TAG position did not influence 2H-18∶2n−6 incorporation in PC. The concentration of 2H-18∶2n−6-derived 2H-20∶4n−6 in plasma PC from subjects fed, the RL diet was 1.5 times higher than for subjects fed the NL diet, and this result
suggests that diets containing 16∶0 located at the sn-2 TAG position may inhibit 20∶4n−6 synthesis. The overall conclusion is that selective rearrangement of chylomicron TAG structures
diminishes but does not totally eliminate the metabolic and physiological effects of dietary TAG structure. 相似文献
10.
Methyl linolenate 18∶3ω3 and docosahexaenoate 22∶6ω3 were incorporated in semipurified diets at several levels and fed to
trout previously maintained on a fat-free diet. After 14 weeks, the weight gain and feed conversion of the fish on each diet
were determined. The fatty acid composition of the lipid from each group of fish was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography.
Both 18∶3ω3 and 22∶6ω3 fed at the 1% level supported maximum growth of the fish. The control group, which were fed no ω3 fatty
acids, exhibited a shock syndrome, poor appetite and a very slow growth rate. Tissue fatty acid analysis revealed eicosatrienoic
acid 20∶3ω9 accumulated in the phospholipid fraction of this group. The 20∶3ω9 level was lowered when either 18∶3ω3 or 22∶6ω3
was included in the diet. Analysis showed that the dietary 18∶3ω3 was rapidly converted by the fish into 22∶6ω3 with a high
concentration in the phospholipid. However 22∶6ω3 fed to the fish remained unchanged and little or no retroconversion of this
fatty acid was observed.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971.
Technical paper no. 3247, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
11.
Linoleate is oxygenated by manganese-lipoxygenase (Mn-LO) to 11S-hydroperoxylinoleic acid and 13R-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9Z,11E-dienoic acid, whereas linoleate diol synthase (LDS) converts linoleate sequentially to 8R-hydroperoxylinoleate, through an 8-dioxygenase by insertion of molecular oxygen, and to 7S,8S-dihydroxylinoleate, through a hydroperoxide isomerase by intramolecular oxygen transfer. We have used liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry (LC-MS) with an ion trap mass spectrometer to study the MSn mass spectra of the main metabolites of oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic and γ-linolenic acids, which are formed by Mn-LO and
by LDS. The enzymes were purified from the culture broth (Mn-LO) and mycelium (LDS) of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. MS3 analysis of hydroperoxides and MS2 analysis of dihydroxy- and monohydroxy metabolites yielded many fragments with information on the position of oxygenated
carbons. Mn-LO oxygenated C-11 and C-13 of 18∶2n−6, 18∶3n−3, and 18∶3n−6 in a ratio of ∼1∶1–3 at high substrate concentrations.
8-Hydroxy-9(10)expoxystearate was identified as a novel metabolite of LDS and oleic acid by LC-MS and by gas chromatography-MS.
We conclude that LC-MS with MSn is a convenient tool for detection and identification of hydroperoxy fatty acids and other metabolites of these enzymes. 相似文献
12.
Edward T. Roe Benjamin B. Schaeffer Joseph A. Dixon Waldo C. Ault 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1947,24(2):45-48
Summary Monohydroxystearic acids were prepared by sulfation and subsequent hydrolysis of oleic acid, and the effect of reaction conditions
on yield was studied. Monohydroxystearic acids were obtained from commercial oleic acid in 72% yield and from pure oleic acid
in 86% yield. Conditions for the best yields apparently gave increased amounts of isomeric hydroxy acids.
Hydroxy acids prepared by the sulfation and subsequent hydrolysis of linoleic acid were converted to methyl esters, and purified
by fractional distillation and low temperature crystallization. Experimental evidence indicates that sulfuric acid reacts
with one double bond of linoleic acid to form isomeric monohydroxyoleic acids and with both double bonds to form dihydroxystearic
acids. The by-products formed by the sulfation of linoleic acid include both ester-type polymers and additional polymeric
material which cannot be converted to monomers by alkaline saponification.
When commercial oleic acid is sulfated and subsequently hydrolyzed, the monohydroxystearic acid thus obtained presumably contains
monohydroxyoleic acids and dihydroxystearic acids resulting from the linoleic acid present in the starting material. The formation
of an unsaponifiable polymer during the sulfation of linoleic acid accounts in part for the lower yield of hydroxy acids obtained
from commercial oleic acid, as compared with that of purified oleic acid.
One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Ohemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
13.
R. T. O’Connor D. C. Heinzelman Maizie Caravella S. T. Bauer 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1946,23(1):5-9
Summary Modified procedures are described for the preparation of linoleic and linolenic acids which remove and/or prevent the formation
of conjugated acids. The importance of spectrophotometric measurements as a criterion of purity is emphasized.
One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
14.
The effect of catecholamines and adrenergic blocking agents on the oxidative desaturation of linoleic acid in rat liver microsomes
was studied. Epinephrine (1 mg/kg/body weight) produced a significant decrease on the conversion of [1-14C]linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid. The effect of epinephrine was blocked by single injections of the β blockers propranolol
(10 mg/kg body weight) or dichloroisoproterenol 30 min before the hormone treatment. Isoproterenol (100 μg/kg body weight)
produced a significant decrease on the activity of the linoleyl-CoA desaturase. The effect of the catecholamines was postulated
to be mediated through β receptors by an enhancement of the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. 相似文献
15.
The effect of dietary protein, casein (CAS) and soybean protein (SOY), on linoleic acid desaturation in liver microsomes was
studied in rats. The activity of Δ6 desaturase in total and rough endoplasmic reticula (ER and RER) was significantly higher
in the CAS group than in the SOY group. In ER and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of
1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, when incorporated into the membrane, was decreased in the SOY group and accompanied by a reduction
in the cholesterol/phospholipid (CHOL/PL) ratio, consistent with an increase in membrane fluidity. In a separate study, the
effect of varying dietary proteins, CAS, milk whey protein, egg albumin, SOY, potato protein and wheat gluten, on the relationship
between the Δ6 desaturase activity and microsomal membrane fluidity was also examined. The results indicated that the dietary
protein-dependent change in the liver microsomal CHOL/PL ratio affected membrane fluidity, and subsequently the activity of
Δ6 desaturase in liver microsomes. However, since dietary protein influenced the Δ6 desaturase activity in RER without influencing
membrane fluidity, it is possible that some regulation might have taken place at the level of enzyme synthesis. 相似文献
16.
C. F. Wurster J. H. Copenhaver P. R. Shafer 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1963,40(10):513-514
By taking advantage of the tendency of silver ion to form complexes with unsaturated compounds, the methyl esters of oleic,
linoleic, and linolenic acids have been cleanly separated in good yield by column chromatography. The silver ion was supported
by means of a cation exchange resin; no silver was ever eluted from the column. Aqueous methanol, pure methanol, and ethanol
saturated with butene-1 were employed as solvents. 相似文献
17.
Summary Soybean oil from all locations and varieties of Uniform Test Groups II, III, and IV have been analyzed for linolenic and linoleic
acid by an improved spectrophotometric method. Location composites in Group II varied from 5.9% to 8.3% in linolenic acid
and from 45.3% to 50.4% in linoleic. Variety composites varied from 5.4% to 8.0% in linolenic and from 43.9% to 51.6% in linoleic.
The location variability was shown to be closely associated with maximum temperature during seed development. Temperature
appears to be the most important environmental factor affecting these acids, especially linolenic.
The percentages of the two acids are positively correlated with each other.
Publication No. 291 of the U. S. Regional Soybean Laboratory, Urbana, Ill. 相似文献
18.
Nine diets, each containing different levels of linoleic acid (18∶2ω6) and linolenic (18∶3ω3) were fed to duplicate groups of rainbow trout for 14 weeks. The growth rate, feed efficiency, accumulated mortality, and fatty acid composition of neutral fat and phospholipids of these groups of fish were determined. The growth was slow in the groups of fish receiving diets containing (A) low concentration of 18∶3ω3 and (B) high concentration (5%) of 18∶2ω6. The accumulated mortality was high in these groups of fish. The diet containing 1% 18∶3ω3 alone supported rapid fish growth with low mortality. The feed efficiency of this diet was also high. The metabolism of 18∶2ω6 and 18∶3ω3 in fish and their conversion to more unsaturated fatty acids typical of fish lipids was investigated. 相似文献
19.
20.
Oleic acid and linoleic acid were separated by extraction with the solvent systemn-heptane-dimethyl sulfoxide. The separation factor decreased with increasing concentrations of fatty acids in the dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) layer. At fatty concn of 0.60 and 16.02%, the separation factors of linoleic acid were found to be 2.18 and
1.28, respectively. The solvent could be removed by adding water to the extract. DMSO is very soluble in water while the fatty
acids are only sparingly soluble. Thus DMSO and fatty acids are separated. A phase diagram for the system Unitol ACD-DMSO-water
at 25C and 1 atm is given. 相似文献