Ethanolic extraction of sunflower oil in a pulsing extractor

Oil extraction by ethanol from partially defatted prepressed sunflower seeds in pulsed and nonpulsed extractors was compared. The oil yield was increased by 8.7% after short extraction periods (up to 6.06 residence times) with a pulsing flow, which was probably due to reduction in the axial dispersion that induces a greater concentration gradient between the miscella surrounding the solid and the bulk miscella.     

香蕉皮多酚的提取工艺研究

以香蕉皮为材料,乙醇溶液为溶剂,考察乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对香蕉皮多酚提取效果的影响,利用正交实验对多酚的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,影响多酚提取效果的主次因素顺序为:乙醇浓度提取温度提取时间料液比。最佳工艺条件为:提取溶剂为80%乙醇、料液比1∶4(g/mL)、提取温度为80℃、提取时间120 min,在此条件下,多酚提取率为1.46%。     

Gas-liquid-liquid extraction in a novel rotating microchannel extractor

In this work, a novel rotating microchannel extractor (RME) is designed and further used for the extraction of chromium (III) from water. Unexpectedly, the micro-extraction had the same effect as carrying out 2.9-stage cross-flow extractions. Various factors, including the gas intake methods, gas intake quantity (Q_g), distance between inner rotor and outer wall (D), rotational inner rotor speed (R) and volumetric flow rate (Q_a, Q_o), were selected to investigate their effect on the extraction efficiency (η) thoroughly. The relation map of η with We_a and We_o−g for RME provides a comprehension for the gas–liquid–liquid extraction process in this RME system.     

旋转式微通道内液液萃取的流型及传质

利用高速摄影仪观测了2-乙基己基磷酸单2-乙基己基酯（油相）与硝酸铬水溶液（水相）在旋转式微通道（RME）内部的液-液两相流流型,主要观察到了滴状流型（上油下水片状流、滴状片状流、滴状带状流）、带状流型（带状流、紊乱流）、上水下油流型（上水下油滴状流、上水下油片状环状流、上水下油带状流、上水下油丝状流）,共3类,9种。考察了微通道设备的尺寸、内筒转速以及进料流速对流型的影响。发现了随着流速和转速的增加,RME内部的流型从滴状流型到带状流型再到上水下油流型的一个转变。进一步利用水油两相的韦伯数将微通道内部的惯性力和黏性力相关联,绘制了流型图,发现了RME内部惯性、黏性力的线性变化关系。最后在9种不同的流型下进行铬的萃取实验,找到了可实现较高萃取级效率的流型。该旋转式微通道内部流型的研究可以为后期的实验和设备的应用奠定基础。     

有机溶剂提取萃取法生产茶多酚工业试验

介绍了以质量分数75%的酒精为提取溶剂、氯仿为去杂萃取剂、乙酸乙酯为纯化萃取剂生产茶多酚的工艺流程、相关装置和生产过程。对不同浓度的酒精提取、杂质去除萃取、纯化萃取等过程和干燥条件进行了工业生产研究,制得的产品茶多酚质量分数大于94.5%,其中活性成分儿茶素总量达80.0%。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and adsorption of polyphenols from Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale)

Ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by adsorption and desorption was performed successively for efficient recovery of polyphenols from ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale). The maximum degree of extraction was observed in case of methanol (0.55 mg/ml) followed by acetone (0.52 mg/ml) and ethanol (0.37 mg/ml). At optimized conditions, the polyphenol recovery was found to be 19.2 mg. Amberlite XAD4 had shown the highest adsorption capacity (0.89 mg/ml). Kinetic studies indicated the adsorption equilibrium to be about 20 min. Adsorption capacity was achieved at 25 ± 2°C, and adsorption process exhibited exothermic nature. Freundlich isotherm fitted the data well. Ethanol had shown best desorption efficiency (93.44%).     

微波预处理-溶剂回流提取马占相思叶多酚的工艺研究

研究微波预处理-溶剂回流提取马占相思叶多酚的工艺条件。以干马占相思叶粉为原料,用正交实验法对马占相思叶总多酚的微波预处理提取工艺进行优选,考察预处理乙醇浓度、固液比、微波处理时间对马占相思叶总多酚提取量的影响。结果表明,微波预处理溶剂回流提取马占相思树叶总多酚的最佳工艺参数为:润湿乙醇浓度为50%,用量为样品量的2倍,在微波功率800 W条件下处理30 s后,用体积分数70%乙醇在料液比1∶7,水浴温度70℃、自然pH值(pH=6.38)浸提条件下回流提取30 min。在此工艺条件下,可提取总多酚18.013 mg/g马占相思树叶,所得的多酚提取物以总多酚计的清除DPPH自由基的IC50值为39.126 g DPPH/g总多酚。     

Extraction of phenolic compounds from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves by sequential extraction in fixed bed extractor using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water as solvents

With the goal of maximizing the extraction yield of phenolic compounds from pitanga leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.), a sequential extraction in fixed bed was carried out in three steps at 60 °C and 400 bar, using supercritical CO₂ (non-polar) as solvent in a first step, followed by ethanol (polarity: 5.2) and water (polarity: 9.0) in a second and third steps, respectively. All extracts were evaluated for global extraction yield, concentration and yield of both polyphenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH method (in terms of EC₅₀). The nature of the solvent significantly influenced the process, since the extraction yield increased with solvent polarity. The aqueous extracts presented higher global extraction yield (22%), followed by ethanolic (16%) and supercritical extracts (5%). The study pointed out that the sequential extraction process is the most effective in terms of global extraction yield and yield of polyphenols and total flavonoids, because it produced the more concentrated extracts on phenolic compounds, since the supercritical ethanolic extract presented the highest phenolics content (240.5 mg GAE/g extract) and antioxidant capacity (EC₅₀ = 9.15 μg/mL). The most volatile fraction from the supercritical extract, which is similar to the essential oils obtained by steam distillation or hydrodistillation, presented as major compounds the germacrenos D and B + bicyclogermacrene (40.75%), selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one + selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide (27.7%) and trans-caryophyllene (14.18%).     

A new effective combination of a thin‐film extractor and gravity setter

Previous and present studies demonstrate that the new thin‐film extractor with the gravity settler have superior performance over other conventional devices. This is because the volume of the extractor and the settler are significantly reduced, on the average, by factors of 100 and 10, respectively, for a similar power input. Correlations for a water‐iodine‐kerosene liquid system developed in the past (Berman and Tamir, 2000) for the mass transfer and pressure drop were modified by incorporating the ratio R/R_r This ratio takes into account the impact of the liquids on the walls of the reactor where R is the radius of the free film and R_r is the radius of the reactor. In addition, an equation was proposed, which demonstrates the dependence of the extraction efficiency on the operating parameters. The gravity settler combined with the thin‐film extractor was tested thoroughly yielding two correlations for estimating its height, i.e. the fluidized‐bed and dense‐packed zones. In the present case the sedimentation zone is absent. A scale up procedure based on the model developed is proposed as well as a principle scheme of a pilot plant based on the new effective combination     

离心萃取器转筒入口半径对筒内流场的影响

目前,对离心萃取器的研究多采用计算流体力学方法,为定性研究;对其转筒区域的流场研究,特别是入口半径对分离效果的影响少有报道.为了解决一问题,本文采用了PIV技术对离心萃取器转筒内部流场进行测试,使用自制转筒,分别在转筒入口半径为7mm、10mm和13mm时,观察筒内距离转筒入口11mm处截面上的流场变化规律.研究发现:以地面为参考系时,流体的转速随着转筒半径的增大而增大,而以转筒为参考系时,在每个分离腔内都能形成涡流;当入口半径为10mm时,截面内切向速度绝对值比入口半径为7mm和13mm的要大,液体更容易流向转筒边壁,分离效果更好,同时其径向速度相对于转筒为正值时,基本处于最大值,说明液体进入转筒入口后能快速被甩至边壁处,更加有利于分离.     

Continuous and selective separation of EGCG from tea polyphenols by fractional extraction: Experiment and simulation

A new and efficient method was explored to continuously separate (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from tea polyphenols (TPs) by fractional extraction in centrifugal contactor separators (CCSs). The effects of different organic solvents on distribution behavior of monomers of TPs were studied, and two green extraction systems were established without reactive extractant. Based on phase equilibrium and the law of conservation of mass, a fractional extraction model was developed to investigate the influence of the process parameters such as phase ratio and the number of stages on extraction efficiency. By simulation and optimization, optimal parameters can be obtained for the separation of EGCG. EGCG can be separated by batch and continuous separation. Excellent results can be achieved by the two methods with high purity, high yield, and large output. Compared to the batch method, the continuous separation is more suitable for production in an industrial scale due to low-cost and continuous separation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 259–269, 2019     

衬Halar高参数离心萃取机处理癸二酸生产废水

采用衬Halar离心萃取机处理癸二酸生产废水,介绍了离心萃取机的结构、技术参数和工作原理;对离心萃取机为满足热衬Halar工艺的要求所做的结构改进进行了说明。工程应用结果表明,经过该离心萃取机萃取后的生产废水中酚的回收率达到99%以上,酚的质量浓度可降至35～40 mg/L,满足后续生化处理进水水质的要求。     

茶叶茶多酚、咖啡碱提取及超滤-吸附综合分离纯化过程研究

介绍了采用三级错流提取茶叶有效成分茶多酚、咖啡碱的优化提取工艺。该工艺提取率高达９０％ 以上,其提取液经醋酸纤维素复合钛微孔体超滤膜初步纯化,可得到茶多酚含量大于４０％ 的部标三级品。并建立了茶叶水提取液超滤过程修正凝胶极化模型。超滤透过液经聚酰胺树脂吸附、８５％ 乙醇洗脱,得到茶多酚含量大于９０％ ,咖啡碱含量低于４％ 的部标茶多酚一级品。该工艺具有不另外添加物质、不使用有毒溶剂、工艺简单等特点。     

超声波辅助提取夏枯草多酚的研究前景

夏枯草是一种常见的中药,富含多种活性物质,对人体的生理健康有积极的作用,现在对夏枯草活性成分的提取主要集中在多糖类、黄酮类和萜类物质,而对夏枯草多酚类物质的提取分离研究和活性研究很少,综述了超声波辅助提取法的优势和目前在提取多酚方面的研究。     

微型离心萃取器在萃取工艺实验研究中的应用

微型离心萃取器是一种新型高效液-液萃取实验设备,具有许多显著优点。介绍了微型离心萃取器的基本结构、工作过程及其在一些萃取新工艺实验研究中的应用。     

茶多酚、茶多糖和茶氨酸的联合提取工艺研究

以日照绿茶为实验原料,利用水溶剂提取法,通过正交实验及单因素平行实验的方案,分析了料液质量比、浸提时间和浸提温度对茶多酚、茶多糖和茶氨酸联合萃取效果的影响;通过对萃取剂选择以及离子交换树脂的吸附性能研究,确定了茶多酚、茶多糖和茶氨酸联合分离提取的工艺。实验结果表明:该工艺可有效地从茶叶中提取茶多酚、茶多糖和茶氨酸,茶多酚的提取率为13.85%;茶多糖的提取率为1.76%;茶氨酸的提取率为0.19%。     

液泛提取法的分离效果

液泛提取法的分离效果王杰，宋锡瑾，任仲皎，袁誉洪，伍明（中南民族学院化学系）关键词液泛提取器；固－液萃取；传质１引言从天然产物中获得有效成分的传统提取方法主要有浸渍、渗漉、煎煮、回流提取和连续回流（索氏）提取等几种方法。这些方法或溶剂用量大、浸出率低...     

Supercritical fluid extraction in sunflower seed technology

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed represents an important source for edible oil and its protein fraction is also recognised as valuable for human consumption when suitably purified from polyphenols, which negatively affect colour and nutritional value. On this basis, a main research has been developed, with the aim of testing the technical feasibility of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process involving a preliminary supercritical CO₂ (SC‐CO₂) extraction of oil from sunflower de‐hulled seeds, followed by the removal of polyphenols from de‐fatted meal by means of ethanol coupled with SC‐CO₂. The paper reports the experimental protocol followed, together with the kinetics of the extractions, knowledge of which allows the optimisation of working parameters and the determination of process yields.     

Sequential extraction of bioactive compounds from Melia azedarach L. in fixed bed extractor using CO2, ethanol and water

Melia azedarach L. is a plant with wide use in folk medicine since it contains many bioactive compounds of interest. The present study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from M. azedarach fruits by a sequential process in fixed bed using various solvent mixtures. Extractions were performed at 50 °C and 300 bar in four sequential steps using supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂), scCO₂/ethanol, pure ethanol, and ethanol/water mixture as solvents, respectively. The efficacy of the extraction process was evaluated by extraction yield and kinetics, and analysis of extracts by: (1) thin layer chromatography (TLC), (2) phenolics content, (3) reduction of surface tension of water, (4) gas chromatography (GC–MS), (5) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) and (6) antiviral activity. The overall extraction yield reached 45% and TLC analysis showed extracts with different composition. extract obtained from CO₂/ethanol mixture (SCEE) exhibited the greatest ability to reduce surface tension of water from 72.4 mN m⁻¹ [1] of pure water to 26.9 mN m⁻¹ of an aqueous solution of 40 g L⁻¹. The highest phenolics contents were observed in both the hydroalcoholic extract and scCO₂/ethanolic extract. Volatile oils were not detected in the supercritical extracts by GC–MS. MS analyses identified the fatty acids: linoleic, palmitic and myristic acid in the supercritical extract (SCE), and the phenolics: caffeic acid and malic acid in the other extracts. In addition, SCE and SCEE extracts showed significant inhibition percentage against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. The extraction process proposed in the present study produced extracts with significant potential for application in food and pharmaceutical industries.     

葡萄多酚在化妆品中的应用

介绍了从葡萄籽中提取葡萄多酚的方法,将葡萄多酚制作成面霜。考察面霜的稳定性、安全性与清除自由基能力,比较了粗提葡萄多酚面霜、纯提葡萄多酚面霜和维生素C面霜的清除自由基能力,以及纯提葡萄多酚的含量清除自由基能力的影响。