环流反应器和搅拌槽传质特性的分析

本文测定了提升管为单段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器中的液相体积氧传质系数，在螺带式搅拌桨区应器中测定了液相体积氧传质系数和功率消耗，实验体系为模拟生物发酵液非牛顿流体特性的核甲基纤维素水溶液，本文还从液相体积氧传质系数及单位液相体积的功耗所产生的氧传质效果方面对提升管不分段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器与螺带式搅拌反应器进行了比较。     

卧式矩形环流反应器中气含率和液相流动研究

针对矩形卧式多级串联环流反应器，在改变结构和气速的情况下，对全系统的气含率、上流区和下流区的气含率、液相循环速度、液相返混等进行了实验考察，并利用漂流模型，最小能耗原理等进行了模拟计算。     

LOCAL LIQUID SIDE MASS TRANSFER MODEL IN AIRLIFT LOOP REACTOR AND SELF-ASPIRATED REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

Combining Higbie's penetration theory and Kolmogoroff's theory of isotropic turbulence, a small-scale isotropic mass transfer model for the local liquid side mass transfer coefficients in a gas-liquid two-phase airlift loop reactor and a self-aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor has been developed. Good agreement with the experimental data suggests a general applicability of the proposed model in these reactors.     

LOCAL OVERALL GAS-LIQUID VOLUMETRIC MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN A GAS-LIQUID TWO-PHASE REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

Local overall gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient profiles at the specified point were experimentally investigated in a gas-liquid two-phase reversed flow jet loop reactor with Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems. It was observed that the local overall gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient profiles of this reactor with Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems increase with increase in gas jet flow rates and liquid jet flow rates, and with decrease in nozzle diameter and CMC concentration.     

多段内导流筒气升式反应器中气体分布器对气含率和气液传质特性的影响

在为微生物高密度培养而设计的１０Ｌ多段内导流筒气升式生物反应器中，研究了Ｎａ２ＳＯ３－空气体系单孔喷嘴和烧结金属管等不同气体分布器对气含率ε、体积氧传质系数ＫＬａ和流动特性的影响．结果表明，孔径为２０～２５μｍ的烧结金属管的整体性能最好，在最佳操作气速３．７～４．０ｃｍ／ｓ下，ε超过１９％，ＫＬａ可达０．２９ｓ－１．其ε和ＫＬａ随Ｕｇ有如变化规律：ε＝０．１９５２－１．５３５１０－２ｅ－１．３９１ＵｇＫＬａ＝０．２７＋２．９７１０－２Ｕｇ－７．２３１０－３Ｕ２ｇ（１．５＜Ｕｇ＜６ｃｍ／ｓ     

气升环流反应器用于黄原胶的发酵

针对典型高粘性流体黄原胶的发酵特点 ,设计了一种新型气升环流反应器 ,对反应器中液相流型与操作条件之间的关系进行了实验考察 ,分析了反应器中高剪切区利用流体剪切变稀特性强化传质的原理。黄原胶发酵实验表明 ,新型气升环流反应器比“通用式”机械搅拌罐更适合于高粘度培养物的发酵     

小型热虹吸环流反应器中丙烯环氧化工艺条件

引　言钛硅催化剂 (ＴＳ - 1)上的丙烯与Ｈ2 Ｏ2 环氧化过程是环氧丙烷 (ＰＯ)洁净生产的发展方向[1,2 ] ,但对于环氧化反应器的研究尚很不完备 .该反应是一个强放热的气液固三相反应 ,要实现该反应过程的连续化 ,可以采用搅拌釜式反应器或固定床反应器(滴流床反应器 ) .搅拌釜式反应器主要用于催化剂性能评价 ,由于搅拌釜内物料返混严重 ,反应器体积效率较低 ;固定床反应器是由美国ＡＲＣＯ公司的Ｊｕｂｉｎ[3] 等发明的 ,实际上为多段气液呈并流向下的滴流床反应器 ,该反应器结构复杂 ,操作压力较大 (在 1.2 5ＭＰａ以上 ) ,且为了便于控…     

EFFECTS OF AERATED LIQUID LEVEL ABOVE DOWNCOMER ON HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EXTERNAL-LOOP AIRLIFT REACTOR

Effects of the aerated liquid level above the downcomer on riser superficial liquid velocity, gas flow rates, and gas holdups in individual sections were investigated in an external-loop airlift reactor. The aerated liquid level is an important operating parameter, and the valve connected to the extension tube could adjust it. As the aerated liquid level was increased up to 0.158 m, which was slightly larger than the diameter of the riser, both the liquid circulation velocity and the gas flow rate in the extension tube increased, whereas the riser gas holdup, the downcomer gas holdup, and the gas flow rate in other individual sections except the extension tube decreased. A combination of the gas-liquid separation ability and hydraulic resistance of the head region and the surface aeration could explain the impact of the aerated liquid level on the hydrodynamic characteristics. However, the effect was negligible when the aerated liquid level was higher than 0.158 m.     

EFFECTS OF AERATED LIQUID LEVEL ABOVE DOWNCOMER ON HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EXTERNAL-LOOP AIRLIFT REACTOR

Effects of the aerated liquid level above the downcomer on riser superficial liquid velocity, gas flow rates, and gas holdups in individual sections were investigated in an external-loop airlift reactor. The aerated liquid level is an important operating parameter, and the valve connected to the extension tube could adjust it. As the aerated liquid level was increased up to 0.158 m, which was slightly larger than the diameter of the riser, both the liquid circulation velocity and the gas flow rate in the extension tube increased, whereas the riser gas holdup, the downcomer gas holdup, and the gas flow rate in other individual sections except the extension tube decreased. A combination of the gas-liquid separation ability and hydraulic resistance of the head region and the surface aeration could explain the impact of the aerated liquid level on the hydrodynamic characteristics. However, the effect was negligible when the aerated liquid level was higher than 0.158 m.     

FRACTAL STUDIES IN A SELF-ASPIRATED REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

1 INTRODUCTIONSelf-aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactors,characterized by a well defined flow pat-tern,well better dispersing effects,relatively low power consumption and a high masstransfer coefficient,are widely used in chemical engineering,especially in biochemicalengineering.The characteristics of such reactors are highly random or stochastic due tothe influence of a variety of phenomena such as jetting and bubbling of the fluidizing     

隔板式环流反应器研究

研究了不同宽度的隔板式环流反应器中的气含率,循环比和体积传递系数。试验结果显示随着截面结构因素 s_d/s_t 的减小,气含率相应地减少。s_d/s_t 值对液体循环比影响较大,当 s_d/s_t 值减小时,液体循环速度明显增加。同时 s_d/s_t 值减小使总塔体积传质系数也趋於减小。试验数据关联得到总塔体积传递系数(k_La)_t 与气速 u_g 和截面结构因素 s_d/s_t 的关系为:若用单位体积中输入功率为参数代替气速 u_g,则上式可改写成为:本文还对隔板式环流反应器和环隙进气环流反应器的体积传递系数进行了比较。     

环管反应器在顺丁橡胶生产中的应用前景

分析了环管反应器的特征和国内镍系顺丁橡胶生产过程中存在的传热和混合问题。指出，借鉴其他高聚物采用环管反应器的经验，进行顺丁橡胶生产，具有工业应用前景。建议着手开展模型试验，以求取工业规模反应器设计所需的基本数据。     

气升式内环流反应器中的液相轴向返混

在５５Ｌ工作体积的气升式内环流反应器中，用羧甲基纤维素溶液模拟生物发酵液的粘性非牛顿流体行为，研究了表观气速及流体物性等参数对气升式内环流反应器中液相在上升段及下降段区域中轴向返混系数的影响，并与其他作用的实验结果进行了比较和分析。     

垂直管道浸取器的空气升液研究

以内径为２４ｍｍ的垂直管道浸取器的一根上行管为升液管，用水和５５￣６５目河砂配成各种浓度的悬浮液做冷模试验。在水的表面流速为０．１５￣０．６５ｍ／ｓ空气表观流速为０．０５￣２．１５ｍ／ｓ，固相质量分率为０￣１５％，以及充气高度为２．２８０￣３．３７９ｍ的实验范围内，观察了空气升液器的运行情况，测定了扬程、效率，还比较了进气孔径的影响。本文结合垂直管道浸取器的特点，引入气相滞留率和摩擦压力降模型，并     

下喷自吸环流反应器中气-液局部相际传质模型

引言 下喷自吸环流反应器是在结合喷射、环流、自吸等优点基础上而开发出的一种新型高效反应器,开展该反应器内局部气液传质模型的研究,对于该反应器的优化设计及放大具有极重要的理论意义.多年来,经典传质理论的不足与局限都在经历不断的修正与改进.其中,激光多普勒测试在传质研究中的应用使得人们对湍流在传质中的重要性有了     

RADIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN THE MODELLING OF AN INDUSTRIAL METHANOL REACTOR

The significance of the radial temperature profiles is investigated in industrial reactor simulation. With 2-nd order approximation of the temperature distribution, a radial effectiveness factor is introduced, and a one-dimension model is proposed. It well approaches the solution of the two-dimension one. The radial temperature profiles substantially affect the methanol production rate only in the run away state. At the hot spot the one-dimension model is satisfactory to test the significance of the radial temperature distribution.     

STUDY OF DOWNFLOW LIQUID JET LOOP REACTOR

1 INTRODUCTIONLiquid jet loop reactor(JLR)may be upflow(U-JLR)or downflow reactors(D-JLR)in design.The major differences between the two are the location of the nozzle andthe direction of the fluid flow.A large number of investigations on U-JLR havebeen published,but D-JLR with nozzles positioned on the top portion of the reac-tor was not much studied until recently.Up to now,only a few experimentalstudies on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of D-JLR have been carried out[1-4].     

喷射环流反应器中甲苯气相三氧化硫磺化

<正>对甲苯磺酸是制备对甲酚的重要中间体。目前,工业上主要采用甲苯浓硫酸磺化的方法生产,该方法硫酸利用率低,生产过程产生大量废酸,造成环境污染严重;同时,由于磺化产物中,间甲苯磺酸含量高达4%以上,以此为原料生产高纯对甲酚的收率低、成本高、工艺复杂,以SO_3为磺化剂能克服以上不足。对于大相对分子质量的烷基苯（如十二烷基苯）的SO_3磺化早已工业化,关于小相对分子质量烷基苯（如甲苯）的磺化,1983年,Sohrabi建立了气液传质模型,Davidsohn提出了多釜串联生产对甲苯磺酸的专利技术,但至今未见有工业化报道,针对SO_3磺化甲苯具有反应速度快,放热量大等特点,本文首次将用于生化反应过程的喷射环流反应器用于气相SO_3磺化甲苯的反应过程,克服了釜式磺化反应器传质比表面积小、体积大及降膜磺化反应器内易出现局部过热、结构复杂等不足。通过实验,对反应产物的物性变化情况、反应器内的气含率特性及工艺条件进行了初步研究,为工程放大提供了合理的依据。     

导流管型鼓泡塔中水和低浓度CMC液体的循环

在装置不同直径导流管的鼓泡塔中采用“颗粒示踪法”测定低浓度ＣＭＣ溶液的流体循环时间ｔｃ值,实验观察到低深度ＣＭＣ溶液的表面张力在０．０４１８－０．０６１２Ｎ．ｍ＾－１对ｔｃ值无影响,ｔｃ值民表观气速、导流管直径、长度和塔径的比值及液体的表观粘度有关,用进气量θｇ和液体循环量为θＬ的比值Ｈ定量表示塔内上述参数对液体循环的影响,关联中心区区充气和环隙区充气塔的实验值,对空气一水、低浓度ＣＭＣ溶液分别建     

气提式外环流反应器的液相流动模型

在接近中试规模的气提式外环流冷模反应装置上,就气-液两相及气-液-固三相两种情形,运用脉冲示踪-响应技术,以电导法测定反应器不同轴向位置示踪粒子年龄分布。随后,建立合理的数学模型,给出具体的定解条件,并进行参数估值,找出Pe与uL、Qg之间的内在规律。进而获得结论：改变试验条件,Pe准数在27.0-46.0变化。