葡萄绿枝嫁接试验总结

葡萄绿枝嫁接，选用的砧木和接穗都较幼嫩，易受湿度和温度的影响，嫁接成活率较低，为探索提高绿枝嫁接成活率的最佳保湿措施和最适嫁接日期，于１９９５年在我校实习果园进行了葡萄绿枝嫁接试验，取得了良好效果，现把试验总结如下。１试材与方法砧木（高接换种树）为四...     

葡萄砧木SO4绿枝扦插技术初探

SO4(Selection OppenheimNO.4)是德国奥本海姆国立葡萄果树研究所,以冬葡萄×河岸葡萄选育的。19世纪50年代,由于根瘤蚜的危害,世界葡萄产区便开始了葡萄砧木的研究及嫁接技术的推广和应用。抗性砧木的应用,使世界葡萄生产得以稳步发展。利用良种砧木进行嫁接栽培,不仅能扩大葡萄的种植范围,还能提高葡萄的抗病性和改善葡萄品种的某些性状。SO4砧对气候及土壤具有较广泛的适应性,其各类性状优良[1],有望成为葡萄主选的砧木品种。在我国,葡萄嫁接栽培越来越受到重视,SO4砧木的需求量也越来越大,因此,扩大SO4砧的苗木繁殖途径,提高育苗效…     

桂南地区葡萄不同时期绿枝嫁接存活率比较

为了探讨桂南地区下半年是否适合高位绿枝嫁接,以SO4、5BB、1103P、110R、5C、3309C为砧木,夏黑、维多利亚以及香妃葡萄为接穗,于5月和10月进行嫁接,分别调查嫁接存活率。结果表明:所有供试品种,5月的嫁接存活率均在88.0%以上;而10月的嫁接存活率非常低,不适合高位绿枝嫁接。     

葡萄砧木繁育特性试验初报

本文对11个葡萄砧木进行生长状况测定和繁苗特性的试验,结果表明,大多数砧木的生长势较强,扦插成苗率高,其中225Ru、华佳8号、5BB、775和贝达的嫁接成活率较高,苗木的质量较好,说明这些砧木在上海地区繁苗性能优良.     

藤稔葡萄不同砧木嫁接育苗试验初报

试验观察了１２个砧木品种的藤稔嫁接苗，认为圣乔治和红瑞宝适宜作藤稔葡萄品种的砧木；采用硬枝接硬枝的方法是快速繁育藤稔类难生品种优质壮苗的有效途径。     

砧木对酿酒葡萄生长和结果状况的影响

以SO4、5BB两种砧木与宁夏主栽的赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽进行绿枝嫁接,研究砧木对酿酒葡萄生长、果实品质的影响。结果表明,对于同一接穗品种,以5BB为砧木越冬保存率高,接穗与砧木增粗的速度接近,亲和性更好。SO4和5BB两种砧木显著增加赤霞珠葡萄的单粒质量,但对3个品种的穗质量没有明显影响。5BB做砧木提高霞多丽、赤霞珠可溶性固形物含量,降低霞多丽、美乐可滴定酸含量;以SO4为砧木显著降低3个品种可溶性固形物含量,提高赤霞珠酸含量。综合来看,以5BB为砧木可提高果实品质,而SO4为砧木降低果实品质或推迟成熟。     

不同葡萄砧木对矢富罗莎果肉酚类化合物含量的影响

矢富罗莎嫁接在7种不同的葡萄砧木上,检测其果肉中酚类化合物含量并与矢富罗莎自根苗果实中的酚类化合物含量进行比较。结果表明：矢富罗莎／520a和矢富罗莎／101—14MG组合可明显提高矢富罗莎果肉中的酚类化合物的含量,同时对砧木影响的复杂性及砧木选择和栽培的原则进行了讨论。     

葡萄嫁接栽培的优越性及几个适栽砧木品种

苹果、梨、桃等果树都已采用嫁接栽培。其好处众所周知，不再赘述。而葡萄的嫁接栽培也有很多好处，世界上，科学技术发达的国家早就认识到了这一点，早就采用了嫁接栽培。那么葡萄的嫁接栽培究竟有什么优越性呢？１扩大种植范围我国地域广阔，土壤、气候条件差异很大，有...     

葡萄砧木苗期耐盐试验初报

本试验在盆栽条件下研究了so_4等8个葡萄砧木一年生苗对Nacl、Na_2So_4、Na_2co。复合土壤盐害的反应及其致死浓度水平和葡萄砧木对不同单盐为害的敏感性。试验结果表明,砧木520A、1103、So_4耐盐性强,致死盐浓度为>0.53％;北醇耐盐性最弱,致死盐浓度为>0.32％。对葡萄砧木苗期造成严重伤害的单盐浓度Nacl为>0.12％,Na_2So_4为>0.15％,Na_2co_3为≥0.25％。     

寒地葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术

本文较详细报道寒地鲜食葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术。以京亚、京秀、寒香蜜等品种做接穗,嫁接于贝达砧木上。结果表明,绿枝劈接“砧穗”愈合早,亲和性好,6个品种嫁接成活率和成苗率均高于硬枝嫁接。但绿枝嫁接苗的根系条数、苗蔓生长节数、苗蔓成熟节数和苗蔓粗度则低于硬枝嫁接苗。     

SO4和贝达砧木对鄞红葡萄生长与果实品质的影响

以SO4和贝达砧木嫁接鄞红葡萄,研究这两种砧木对鄞红葡萄生长和果实品质的影响.结果表明,与自根苗相比,嫁接SO4和贝达砧木的鄞红葡萄萌芽和结实状况良好,果实着色均匀,叶片叶绿素、可溶性固形物、总糖和产量均较自根苗增加,是平原水网地区鄞红葡萄的优良砧木.     

6-BA处理对提高香悦葡萄绿枝嫁接成活率的效果

本研究以贝达葡萄为砧木,采用了接茅蘸药、接穗基部浸药、接茅浸药及接穗浸药方法,研究了不同浓度6-BA处理对香悦葡萄绿枝嫁接成活率的影响.结果表明,4种方法中不同浓度的6-BA处理均能提高嫁接成活率,其中以接穗基部浸蘸1.0mg/L的6-BA处理效果最好.     

An assessment of rootstocks for Sunmuscat (Vitis vinifera L.): a new drying variety

Sunmuscat scions, either grafted onto one of seven rootstock, or as own-rooted vines, were grown under irrigation according to the practices of warm-climate viticulture in north-western Victoria. The trial was located within a commercial vineyard on a sandy loam soil, and represented a typical replant situation. Grapevine performance was assessed over five seasons, viz. 1999–2004 inclusive, in terms of yield per vine, berry weight, juice composition and vigour (based on trunk girth). The highest yielding rootstock over the trial period was 1103 Paulsen (28.9 kg /vine) followed by 140 Ruggeri and Ramsey (26.1 and 25.8 kg /vine respectively), S04 (22.5 kg /vine), Schwarzmann, 101-14 and Teleki 5A (19.9, 18.7 and 18.4 kg /vine respectively). Scions on their own roots returned lowest yield (15.5 kg /vine). Berry weights were largest for the three high yielding rootstocks (2.3 g) and smallest with own roots (2.0 g). Total soluble sugars in harvested fruit were largely unaffected by rootstock in most seasons, although taken over all seasons, fruit from scions grafted onto Ramsey rootstock had the lowest levels, while Teleki 5A had the highest levels (viz. 23.4^oBrix and 24.7^oBrix respectively). Comparative vigour for all seven graft combinations was inferred from trunk circumference. There was a 2-fold difference in rootstock girth below the graft union (viz. 265 mm for 1103 Paulsen, compared to 135 mm for S04), whereas differences in the scion girth above the graft union were minor (only 16%). Relative compatibility of scion and stock was inferred from 'girth ratio' of trunk circumference above compared with below the graft union. Girth ratio was highest for Sunmuscat scions grafted onto SO4 rootstock, and lowest for scions on 1103 Paulsen. Scion girth and vine yield were broadly correlated.     

酿酒葡萄嫁接育苗中砧穗组合愈合性与生根率的研究

本文对5个优良酿酒葡萄品种和4种砧木嫁接组合的愈合性及生根率进行研究,结果发现,砧木品种101-14对试验的5个葡萄品种均具有较好的愈合性和生根率,是嫁接生产苗木的首选砧木品种,其次是砧木品种5BB,而SO4的表现相对较差。     

不同酿酒葡萄砧穗组合硬枝嫁接性能评价

通过不同砧木与不同酿酒葡萄品种进行硬枝嫁接配置,初步筛选出亲和力强的接穗品种/砧木组合5个:赤霞珠/101-14、美乐/5BB、赤霞珠/5BB、霞多丽/5BB、西拉/5BB,其发芽和生根比率均超过70％,最高达98％.同时发现嫁接苗接穗生长量与嫁接亲和力基本呈正相关,可间接反应砧穗的亲和性.     

不同砧木对马瑟兰葡萄及葡萄酒品质的影响

以自根生长的马瑟兰为对照,3309、101-14、贝达3个砧木嫁接的马瑟兰为试验材料,研究不同砧木对马瑟兰果实外观性状、理化指标及所酿葡萄酒理化指标的影响。不同砧木对马瑟兰果实的影响结果表明,3种砧木显著增加果穗宽度（P＜0.05）;贝达砧木显著降低马瑟兰果实中还原糖含量（P＜0.05）;3309、101-14砧木显著提高马瑟兰果实中总酚和花色苷含量（P＜0.05）,101-14砧木显著提高马瑟兰果实中的单宁含量（P＜0.05）。不同砧木对马瑟兰葡萄酒的影响结果表明,3309砧木显著提高葡萄酒中的总酚含量（P＜0.05）;3种砧木显著提高葡萄酒的pH值,降低葡萄酒色调（P＜0.05）,3309、贝达砧木显著增加葡萄酒色度（P＜0.05）。     

Effects of novel hybrid and traditional rootstocks on vigour and yield components of Shiraz grapevines

Background and Aims:  The influence of grapevine rootstocks on vine vigour and crop yield is recognized as an integral part of viticultural management. However, the genetic potential of Vitis species rootstock hybrids for vigour and yield control is not fully exploited in Australian viticulture. The effect of 55 novel inter- and intra-species hybrids and five traditional hybrid rootstock cultivars on winter pruning weight, berry size and fruit yield of grafted Shiraz vines is presented. The genetic predictions that resulted from this analysis were used to illustrate how rootstocks that best perform for a combination of traits may be selected.
Methods and Results:  The use of linear mixed models and residual maximum likelihood procedures took into account repeated measures and spatial variation within a large field trial (720 vines). Over 6 years of assessment, variation of up to 93.9% in winter pruning weight, 81.9% in fruit yield and 21.0% in berry weight between rootstocks was estimated.
Conclusions:  The effect of rootstock genotype accounted for marked differences in conferred pruning weight, berry weight and fruit yield from trial averages. Comparison of statistical analysis techniques illustrated that the choice of such techniques may influence the outcome of genetic selection from field trial data.
Significance of the Study:  Such quantification of the variation between vines in vigour, fruit yield and berry size due to rootstock genotype provides a framework for selection of well-performing genotypes for inclusion in advanced generations of the CSIRO vine rootstock breeding program.     

乳液聚合法和微波法制备淀粉与苯乙烯接枝共聚物比较

分别采用乳液聚合法和微波法制备淀粉与苯乙烯接枝共聚物,对其接枝参数进行比较,并利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对接枝共聚物微观结构进行分析比较,确定乳液聚合法和微波法制备淀粉与苯乙烯接枝共聚物为同一物质;通过比较得出乳液聚合法接枝百分率和接枝效率高于微波法,而微波法节约时间和能源。