一种考虑胶瘤的胶接简化有限元模型:应力与刚度分析

胶接接头中总存在胶瘤,由于建模复杂,胶接接头有限元分析中胶瘤常被忽略.但胶瘤能减少峰值应力,提高结构强度和刚度.为此,提出一种简化的胶接有限元模型,即用壳单元代表胶瘤,体单元代表被粘体和胶层,并用弹性理论建立壳单元等效厚度公式.以体单元精细模型结果作为对比的真实解,考察五种载荷工况下,单搭接头简化有限元模型的胶层应力和刚度.分析表明,壳单元等效厚度公式正确,胶接简化有限元模型精度高,可用于诸如汽车等大型结构中;用壳单元简单模型可定量分析胶瘤大小和形状对接头应力和总体刚度性能的影响.     

结构优化有限元分析在客车概念开发中的应用研究

通过分析客车概念开发阶段车身结构优化有限元分析的作用和特点，研究利用简化的参数化分析模型进行早期结构方案优化分析的方法，并针对实例客车概念开发，以提高整车刚度、降低车身骨架自重为目标，进行优化分析的应用研究。优化结果对于客车概念开发阶段的方案确定及后续车身结构详细设计具有重要帮助。     

高速列车车体结构设计及强度分析

根据高速客车车体结构的特点,设计出二等车的拖车车体。为降低车体的重量和提高车体的抗压能力,车体的钢结构采用大型中空挤压铝型材;通过刚度等效法建立车体等效模型,并对其进行有限元分析,详细分析其主要结构的应力;通过对垂向载荷工况、纵向拉伸载荷工况、纵向压缩载荷工况、气动载荷工况的分析计算,得到了车体钢结构满足强度和刚度的要求、强度薄弱部位主要表现为局部应力集中的结论。解决应力集中问题不应通过加大构件断面尺寸,而应采用降低应力集中的结构措施或局部补强,并提出了设计改进意见。     

挖掘机动臂疲劳可靠性分析

为了评估挖掘机动臂结构的疲劳可靠性,以某6t挖掘机动臂为研究对象,对结构进行了合理简化,使用ANSYS有限元分析软件构建挖掘机动臂结构计算模型,分析计算载荷,进行静态强度分析,提取各工况下结构的应力应变最大节点,采集应力应变数据,确定结构的应力和应变时间历程,考虑挖掘机动臂结构设计中材料性能的随机性,采用RBF神经网络响应面法计算危险点处的可靠度,得出明确的可靠度指标,研究结果表明该动臂结构据有良好的疲劳可靠性。     

FEM Comparison of Ball and Roller Bullgears

A structural finite element model has been developed for calculating the forces transmitted through the rolling elements (load distribution) in a bullgear assembly. The elastic structural model consists of 3-D beam elements used to approximate the global race deflection and non-linear springs that approximate the combined rolling element/raceway contact deflections. For rollers, an upperbound on the contact stress (assuming linear variation of force along the length of the roller) is estimated by modeling the rollers as pairs of nonlinear springs. The finite element approach iteratively solves the contact forces at each, rolling element. Contact stresses are then calculated from the contact, forces using Hertz contact theory. This approach is applied to analyze two proposed designs of ball and crossed roller bearing, bullgear assemblies used for rotating the radar antenna on top of a ship's mast. The loads analyzed include those arising from wind loading and from out-of-flatness of the inner race of the bearings due to deflection of the mast. The distribution of the load and the maximum contact stresses for the proposed bullgear assemblies are estimated and compared. It is found that the maximum contact stress in the crossed roller bearing is less than that in the ball bearing for both types of loads. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the out-of-flatness loading produces significantly higher stresses than wind loading.     

基于 ANSYS 的接管许用外载荷的计算

确定接管的许用外载荷,是压力容器及管道设计中的难点。借助有限元分析软件 ANSYS,对一换热器封头处的接管连接结构进行三维有限元强度计算。为求得该结构的许用外载荷,以安定性原理为基础,通过在管口3个不同方向上施加外力及外力矩,得到外载荷对各部位一次加二次应力强度 SⅣ的影响规律。从而估算出各个方向可单独承受的外力及外力矩,以确定危险外力和外力矩组合,进而得到该结构的组合承载能力。此种计算及处理方法值得同行业借鉴。     

火箭加注自动对接与脱离机器人有限元分析

针对目前我国人工加注火箭燃料的现状,设计出一种火箭加注自动对接与脱离机器人本体结构。利用Pro/E建立机器人的三维实体模型,将模型简化后导入有限元软件ANSYS中进行强度分析,得到了其应力云图,通过分析验证了机构设计的可靠性和合理性。     

三维多裂纹应力强度因子的有限元分析

多处损伤和广泛分布疲劳损伤是影响军用老化飞机结构完整性的主要因素之一。三维裂纹前缘应力应变场很复杂 ,除个别理想情况外 ,绝大部分迄今为止无解析解。采用三维 2 0节点等参单元 ,运用ANSYS软件 ,对含半椭圆裂纹的半无限大体进行有限元分析 ,得到裂纹前缘各点的应力强度因子 ,通过对计算结果的分析 ,讨论裂纹长度、裂纹间距比、裂纹前缘位置对应力强度因子的影响以及多裂纹之间的相互影响 ,计算结果和手册的理论值比较表明 ,数值结果准确、方法可行     

风电齿轮齿根弯曲应力及裂纹特性分析

以风电齿轮为例,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立了太阳轮简化力学模型,并进行了齿根弯曲应力的分析计算。分析结果与传统计算方法得出的结果基本一致,从而验证了简化模型的正确性。在此基础上,研究了齿轮齿根裂纹特性,分析了初始裂纹长度和外加载荷对应力强度因子(SIF)的影响。结果表明,随着初始裂纹长度的增加,应力强度因子也随之增加,并且应力强度因子与载荷等比例增加。在初始裂纹长度和载荷相同的情况下,应力强度因子KⅠ远大于KⅡ和KⅢ,即在弯曲应力作用下张开型裂纹为风电齿轮轮齿折断失效的主要原因。     

内压载荷作用下含纵向穿透裂纹弯头的塑性极限载荷

弯头是管道系统中最薄弱、最容易失效的管件。研究含缺陷弯头的塑性承载能力在整个压力管道系统安全评定中占有重要地位。利用求取直管极限载荷的鼓胀系数法建立不考虑直管影响的含缺陷弯头的塑性极限载荷估算式。采用三维弹塑性有限元技术,对内压载荷作用下含纵向穿透裂纹弯头的塑性极限载荷进行系统分析。结果表明,裂纹削弱系数（PL／P LO）与厚径比（t／rm）无关,在实际工程应用中可忽略厚径比对裂纹削弱系数的影响。裂纹对长半径弯头的塑性极限承载能力影响程度明显大于对短半径弯头的。     

储能飞轮过盈/脱落过程研究

核电冷却剂泵上安装飞轮,用以储备转动惯量,保证在泵电动机断电时冷却剂流量缓慢下降,避免反应堆事故。采取过盈配合的目的是控制飞轮临界转速。过速情况下,飞轮发生膨胀,从立轴脱落,可以预防爆裂的发生。设计了一套由临界转速控制的逐层脱落的安全飞轮。运用平面应力法与包含间隙元的有限元模型,对飞轮进行过盈设计和应力分析。在递增的离心力作用下,对飞轮摩擦配合的连续、滑动、脱落过程进行完整仿真。     

Limit load analysis for the piping branch junctions under in-plane moment

An approximate analysis approach for plastic limit load of piping branch junctions, by means of the relationship of the internal force between the main and branch pipes around intersection line, is presented in this work. The approach is built on the following process: based on the external force equilibrium condition, an equation between the limit load and internal force of the branch pipe around intersection is derived firstly. And then, taking this internal force as an external force acting on the intersection of the main pipe, the approximate solution of the internal force around the intersection on the main pipe is given as a function of the limit load. Finally, referring to the von-Mises yield criterion, the limit load of component with two intersecting cylindrical shells is then obtained. In use of the proposed approach, a closed form of limit load solution for piping branch junction under in-plane moment is developed. Finite element (FE) models of the idealized piping branch junction with various diameters and wall-thickness of the main and branch pipes were analyzed by using nonlinear FE software. The limit loads from FE analysis, from the proposed solution and six experimental data of real piping branch junctions are compared. Overall good agreement between the different limit loads was observed which provides confidence in the use of the proposed formulae in practice.     

基于受力分析的制动鼓耦合分析

针对制动鼓在使用过程中出现的因温度上升而引起的摩擦系数非稳定性下降、制动力矩降低以及因热应力导致的制动鼓表面出现径向裂纹,致使制动鼓断裂失效等问题,基于对制动鼓的受力分析,将结构和受力情况比较复杂的制动鼓模型进行了有效地简化,并建立了模型,采用有限元分析法得出了在150℃时制动鼓的位移分布图和热应力分布图,以及在不考虑热效应下的位移和应力分布图。通过对制动鼓外侧、内壁及摩擦片接触区域的耦合分析,检验了在机械载荷和热载荷共同作用下,制动鼓的最大应力与材料强度极限之间的关系。研究结果表明,尽管温度对制动鼓的变形和强度有很大影响,制动鼓的强度要求仍然能够被满足,研究结果为制动鼓的结构优化及进一步的系统动力分析奠定了基础。     

Enhancement of J estimation for typical nuclear pipes with a circumferential surface crack under tensile load

This paper is to report enhancement of engineering J estimation for semi-elliptical surface cracks under tensile load. Firstly, limitation of the sole solution suggested by Zahoor is shown for reliable structural integrity assessment of thin-walled nuclear pipes. An improved solution is then developed based on extensive 3D FE analyses employing deformation plasticity theory for typical nuclear piping materials. It takes over the structure of the existing solution but provides new tabulated plastic influence functions to cover a wide range of pipe geometry and crack shape. Furthermore, to facilitate easy prediction of the plastic influence function, an alternative simple equation is also developed by using a statistical response surface method. The proposed H ₁ values can be used for elastic-plastic fracture analyses of thin-walled pipes with a circumferential surface crack subjected to tensile loading.     

Thermal fatigue estimation due to thermal stratification in the RCS branch line using one-way FSI scheme

The scheme and procedure for thermal fatigue estimation of a thermally stratified branch line were developed. One-way FSI (fluid and structure interaction) scheme was applied to evaluate the thermal stratification piping. Thermal flow analysis, stress analysis and fatigue estimation were performed in serial order. Finally, detailed monitoring locations and mitigation scheme for the integrity maintenance of piping were recommended. All wall mesh and transient temperature distribution data obtained from the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis were directly imported into the input data of stress analysis model without any calculation for heat transfer coefficients. Cumulated usage factors for fatigue effect review with nodes were calculated. A modified method that combines ASME Section III, NB-3600 with NB-3200 was used because the previous method cannot consider the thermal stratification stress intensity. As the results of evaluation, the SCS (shutdown cooling system) line, branch piping of the RCS (reactor coolant system) line, shows that the CUF (cumulative usage factor) value exceeds 1.0, ASME Code limit, in case thermal stratification load is included. The HPSI (high pressure safety injection) line, re-branch piping, shows that temperature difference between top and bottom of piping exceeds the criterion temperature, 28°C, and that the CUF value exceeds 1.0. Therefore, these branch pipings require a detailed review, monitoring or analysis. In particular, it is recommended that the HPSI piping should be shifted backward to decrease the influence of turbulent penetration intensity from the RCS piping. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Jae Young Lee Kwang-Chu Kim received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D degrees from department of mechanical engineering, Kyunghee University in 1993, 1995 and 2000, respectively. He has worked for Korea Power Engineering Company since 1995 and he is now a senior researcher. Dr. Kim’s research area includes CFD analysis, flow control, plant design and simulator. Jong-Han Lim received his B.S. degree from department of mechanical engineering, Chosun University in 1981, M.S. and Ph.D degrees from department of mechanical engineering, Kyunghee University in 1986 and 1992, respectively. He worked for Hyundai Motors Company during 1986-95. He is now a professor in department of mechanical & automotive engineering, Kyungwon University. Dr. Lim’s research interests are in the area of thermal flow, internal combustion and liquid atomization. Jun-Kyu Yoon received his B.S. degree from department of mechanical engineering, Chosun University in 1981, M.S. degree from department of mechanical engineering, Kyunghee University in 1987 and Ph.D degree from department of mechanical engineering, Myongji University in 2001. He worked for Hyundai Motors Company and Asia Motors Company during 1985–96. He is now a professor in department of mechanical & automotive engineering, Kyungwon University. Dr. Yoon’s research interests are in the area of flow control, heat transfer, liquid atomization, spray and combustion.     

基于SolidWorks的行星架有限元分析

行星架结构复杂,用传统的力学方法进行其力学分析较为困难。文中利用SolidWorks软件建立了行星架的三维模型并进行了有限元分析,详细介绍了模型建立方法、网格划分及载荷、约束的施加过程。结果表明该行星架的最大应力为61.43MPa,最大位移为0.01945mm,能够满足强度和刚度要求。     

面内开/闭弯载荷作用下压力管道弯头的塑性载荷研究

采用弹塑性有限元分析技术，将材料简化为理想弹塑性，同时考虑几何非线性影响，针对不同厚径比t／rm、相对弯曲半径R／rm和弯曲模式下有直管连接弯头的弹塑性行为进行了系统分析，在此基础上分别建立了便于工程应用的无缺陷弯头在开、闭弯作用下的塑性载荷估算式。试验研究表明本文建立的面内开／闭弯塑性载荷估算式能够满足工程实际需要。     

有限元法与试验法相结合进行客车车架结构分析

对一大客车车架有限元计算方法进行了讨论，并辅以模态试验和强度刚度试验来校验有限元计算结果。详细论述了有限元建模技术和两种危险工况下加载等方面的关键技术，对此类客车车架的静态和动态分析有一定借鉴作用。     

基于ANSYS的配料机后机架结构分析

采用有限元分析方法,研究了配料机后机架的结构。运用ANSYS软件建立了配料机后机架的三维计算模型并对其结构进行计算,求出了后机架在载荷作用下的最大变形值和最大应力值以及变形和应力所处的位置。根据计算结果提出了后机架结构设计改进方案,并对改进后的结构进行了分析。分析结果表明,改进后的结构既节省材料又安全可靠。     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis for estimation of the weld residual stress in the dissimilar butt weld piping

Numerous dissimilar metal welds are used to connect carbon steel and stainless steel in nuclear power plants. Recently, some cracks have occurred in the dissimilar metal welds, and welding residual stress is considered as a contributing factor to the cracks. In this study, welding residual stresses in dissimilar butt weld piping were evaluated by the 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element method. Welding residual stresses along the circumference of heat affected zones as well as weld regions were obtained through the analysis, which could not be obtainable with 2-dimensional (2-D) analysis. The differences between 2-D analysis and 3-D analysis are presented in this paper.