多目标遗传算法在混流装配线排序中的应用

混流装配线实现在一条流水线上装配多种不同类型的产品。该文在总结混流装配线排序问题的基础上建立了二种排序的目标函数：最小化工作站的闲置与超载时间和保持均匀的零部件消耗速率。引入了基于Pareto理论和小生镜单元技术的适应度函数及选择算子构建了多目标遗传算法用于混流装配线的排序优化问题。通过一个混流装配线的多目标排序实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进NSAG-Ⅱ算法的多目标混流装配线平衡优化研究

针对混流装配线平衡问题，提出了基于NSAG-Ⅱ算法的多目标混流装配线平衡优化方法。以混流装配线的生产节拍、线平衡和均衡系数为适应度目标函数，建立遗传算法优化模型，算法基于传统遗传算法的缺点进行针对性改善和用光机混流装配线实例和Flexsim仿真验证了算法的可行性。结果表明，该改进遗传算法可对混流装配线平衡进行优化，可整体提高混流装配线生产效率。     

基于改进烟花算法的随机装配线混流调度

针对随机装配线混流调度问题,分析作业时间随机波动对调度优化目标的影响,提出描述随机作业时间下工位闲置时间和超载时间有效数学期望的概念,并基于此构建以工位负荷均衡指数为优化目标的随机作业时间条件下的装配线混流调度优化模型.在标准烟花算法中引入精英策略、变邻域搜索等技术,设计一种改进烟花算法对模型进行求解,并结合测试算例和生产实例对随机装配线混流调度模型及求解算法进行验证,求解结果表明了模型和算法的有效性.     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的可重构装配线计划排序问题研究*

为使可重构装配线计划排序的优化模型更加符合问题的实际背景和实现问题的整体优化,建立了以生产负荷均衡化、考虑流水线平衡的平准化、最小化装配线重构成本为优化目标的可重构装配线计划排序多目标优化模型。提出运用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）求解此模型,得到更具有参考价值的Pareto最优解集,进而实现问题的整体优化。通过一个可重构装配线的多目标计划排序实验,验证了该模型和方法的正确性及有效性。     

混流装配线排序的改进离散微粒群优化算法

提出在离散空间用一种改进的微粒群优化算法来解决混流装配线的多目标排序问题,考虑两个目标：总生产变化率最小和总闲置－超载时间最小,并对两个目标函数进行了规范化处理以消除量纲的影响。在基本的微粒群算法基础上,提出了适应离散编码的粒子位置编码方式,引入了动态参数方法来提高算法的搜索性能和收敛能力。对实际混流装配线的仿真实验表明提出的改进微粒群优化算法可以直接应用于离散问题并保持了基本微粒群算法的优良性能,是一种性能较好的高效的混流装配线排序算法。     

汽车混流装配线的混合布谷鸟算法排序研究

为解决汽车混流装配线作业者工作负荷不均衡的问题,构建了最小化违背装配频率上限次数的优化模型,提出了布谷鸟算法与遗传算法相结合的混合算法。该方法将遗传算法的选择与交叉思想引入布谷鸟算法的迭代过程,以克服布谷鸟算法寻优过程中收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部最优的问题。测试函数的对比求解和合作汽车企业的优化实例表明该改进算法具有更高的求解精度和更快的收敛速度,能有效地解决大规模的汽车混流装配线排序优化问题。     

求解混流装配线调度问题的蚁群算法

以最小化总的传送中断时间为目标函数的混流装配线调度问题是丰田生产方式中自动化概念的一个重要问题,而新颖的蚁群算法具有通用性、鲁棒性、并行搜索以及易于与其他启发式算法结合的优点,可以解决多种组合优化问题,对其进行了改进,以便更适于求解混流装配线的调度问题。实验表明：改进的蚁群算法解决了混流装配线的调度问题,得到了优于分支定界法、模拟退火法和遗传算法的可行解。     

应用遗传算法求解第一类装配线平衡问题

装配线的负荷平衡对生产企业非常重要。负荷平衡的装配线可以使各工作站空闲时间减少,并使工作站之间负荷均匀,以保证装配线时间损失率最低。针对第一类装配线平衡问题,首先对该问题进行了分析,在此基础上,建立了问题的数学模型。进而给出求解该问题的遗传算法,设计了该遗传算法的编码模式和译码方法,构造了适应函数,确定了初始种群的选取方法和种群的选择机制,并给出了种群的交叉和变异方法。通过求解某实例的装配线平衡问题,显示了这种算法的有效性。     

应用遗传算法求解第一类装配线平衡问题

装配线的负荷平衡对生产企业非常重要。负荷平衡的装配线可以使各工作站空闲时间减少,并使工作站之间负荷均匀,以保证装配线时间损失率最低。针对第一类装配线平衡问题,首先对该问题进行了分析,在此基础上,建立了问题的数学模型。进而给出求解该问题的遗传算法,设计了该遗传算法的编码模式和译码方法,构造了适应函数,确定了初始种群的选取方法和种群的选择机制,并给出了种群的交叉和变异方法。通过求解某实例的装配线平衡问题,显示了这种算法的有效性。     

多目标粒子群算法在混装线再平衡中的应用

企业对产品进行创新改进,带来装配线上装配任务的变化,从而造成已平衡装配线的失衡。针对上述变化给企业混流装配线带来的影响进行了研究,以最小化生产节拍,工作站间的负荷,和工人完成新装配任务的调整成本为优化目标去建立混装线再平衡的数学模型。并设计了一种新的多目标粒子群算法求解模型,算法中引入各粒子动态密集距离去筛选外部文档的非劣解和指导全局最优值的更新,在控制解的容量同时保持Pareto解集分布均匀。此外,引入变异机制,提高了种群的全局搜索能力。最后,结合具体实例的验证表明,该改进多目标粒子群算法能有效地解决混装线再平衡问题。     

A review of the current applications of genetic algorithms in assembly line balancing

Most of the problems involving the design and plan of manufacturing systems are combinatorial and NP-hard. A well-known manufacturing optimization problem is the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP). Due to the complexity of the problem, in recent years, a growing number of researchers have employed genetic algorithms. In this article, a survey has been conducted from the recent published literature on assembly line balancing including genetic algorithms. In particular, we have summarized the main specifications of the problems studied, the genetic algorithms suggested and the objective functions used in evaluating the performance of the genetic algorithms. Moreover, future research directions have been identified and are suggested.     

Modeling and solving constrained two-sided assembly line balancing problem via bee algorithms

Designing and operating two-sided assembly lines are crucial for manufacturing companies which assemble large-sized products such as trucks, buses and industrial refrigerators. This type of assembly line structure has several advantages over one-sided assembly lines such as shortened line length and reduced throughput time. The research area has recently focused on balancing two-sided assembly lines owing to these advantages. However, due to the complex structure of this problem, some practical constraints have been disregarded or have not been fully incorporated. In order to overcome these deficiencies, a fully constrained two-sided assembly line balancing problem is addressed in this research paper. Initially, a mathematical programming model is presented in order to describe the problem formally. Due to the problem complexity, two different swarm intelligence based search algorithms are implemented to solve large-sized instances. Bees algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm have been applied to the fully constrained two-sided assembly line balancing problem so as to minimize the number of workstations and to obtain a balanced line. An extensive computational study has also been performed and the comparative results have been evaluated.     

无线传感器网络中基于动态规划的路由算法

针对无线传感器网络的路由设计问题,基于动态规划的思想建立标准模型,在此基础上,提出最小能耗路由算法与能量均衡路由算法。在每个阶段选择决策时,根据该阶段的剩余能量均值动态调整决策集合,从中选择最小能耗路由。实验结果证明,2种路由算法都能提高网络的稳定周期,在一定程度上节省网络能量。     

Balancing and scheduling of flexible mixed model assembly lines

Mixed model assembly line literature involves two problems: balancing and model sequencing. The general tendency in current studies is to deal with these problems in different time frames. However, in today’s competitive market, the mixed model assembly line balancing problem has been turned into an operational problem. In this paper, we propose mixed integer programming (MIP) and constraint programming (CP) models which consider both balancing and model sequencing within the same formulation along with the optimal schedule of tasks at a station. Furthermore, we also compare the proposed exact models with decomposition schemes developed for solving different instances of varying sizes. This is the first paper in the literature which takes into account the network type precedence diagrams and limited buffer capacities between stations. Besides, it is the first study that CP method is applied to balancing and scheduling of mixed model assembly lines. Our empirical study shows that the CP approach outperforms the MIP approach as well as the decomposition schemes.     

基于目标约束的分层动态负载均衡算法*

针对网格环境下的负载不均问题,提出了一种分层动态负载均衡机制,该机制采用随机服务模型描述网格任务流特性及其资源上的动态负载状态,将站点内负载平衡问题归结为目标约束规划问题。理论分析了分层负载均衡机制的有效性证明并设计了优化方案的求解算法,仿真实验结果显示,该分层负载均衡算法在平均响应时间、系统吞吐量方面优于以往的RBA算法和DBA算法。     

Deterministic balancing and stochastic model reduction

A recent approach to the deterministic model reduction problem is based on the notion of balancing. However, the original development of deterministic balancing did not contain any statistical considerations with which to develop a stochastic model reduction algorithm. Nevertheless, it is shown in this note that there are two stochastic model reduction algorithms in the literature which result in a deterministically balanced model. Their equivalence with deterministic balancing provides a stochastic interpretation to the deterministic algorithm.     

Collaborative optimization of robotic disassembly sequence planning and robotic disassembly line balancing problem using improved discrete Bees algorithm in remanufacturing✰

Remanufacturing helps to reduce manufacturing cost and environmental pollution by reusing end-of-life products. Disassembly is an inevitable process of remanufacturing and it is always finished by manual labor which is high cost and low efficiency while robotic disassembly helps to cover these shortages. Before the execution of disassembly, well-designed disassembly sequence and disassembly line balancing solution help to improve disassembly efficiency. However, most of the research used for disassembly sequence planning and disassembly line balancing problem is only applicable to manual disassembly. Also, disassembly sequence planning and disassembly line balancing problem are separately studied. In this paper, an improved discrete Bees algorithm is developed to solve the collaborative optimization of robotic disassembly sequence planning and robotic disassembly line balancing problem. Robotic workstation assignment method is used to generate robotic disassembly line solutions based on feasible disassembly solutions obtained by the space interference matrices. Optimization objectives of the collaborative optimization problem are described, and the analytic network process is used to assign suitable weights to different indicators. With the help of variable neighborhood search, an improved discrete Bees algorithm is developed to find the optimal solution. Finally, based on a gear pump and a camera, case studies are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results under different cycle time of robotic disassembly line are analyzed. Under the best cycle time, the performance of the improved discrete Bees algorithm under different populations and iterations are analyzed and compared with the other three optimization algorithms. The results under different assessment methods and scenarios are also analyzed.     

Convex Optimization Algorithms for Active Balancing of Humanoid Robots

We show that a large class of active balancing problems for legged robots can be framed as a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem, a convex optimization problem for which efficient and numerically robust algorithms exist. We describe this general SOCP balancing framework, show that several existing optimization-based balancing strategies reduce to special cases of this more general formulation, and investigate the computational performance of our SOCP algorithms through simulation studies involving a humanoid model.     

Parallel extremal optimization in processor load balancing for distributed applications

The paper concerns parallel methods for extremal optimization (EO) applied in processor load balancing in execution of distributed programs. In these methods EO algorithms detect an optimized strategy of tasks migration leading to reduction of program execution time. We use an improved EO algorithm with guided state changes (EO-GS) that provides parallel search for next solution state during solution improvement based on some knowledge of the problem. The search is based on two-step stochastic selection using two fitness functions which account for computation and communication assessment of migration targets. Based on the improved EO-GS approach we propose and evaluate several versions of the parallelization methods of EO algorithms in the context of processor load balancing. Some of them use the crossover operation known in genetic algorithms. The quality of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by experiments with simulated load balancing in execution of distributed programs represented as macro data flow graphs. Load balancing based on so parallelized improved EO provides better convergence of the algorithm, smaller number of task migrations to be done and reduced execution time of applications.     

A simulated annealing algorithm based approach for balancing and sequencing of mixed-model U-lines

It is known that two interrelated problems called as line balancing and model sequencing should be solved simultaneously for an efficient implementation of a mixed-model U-shape assembly line in a JIT (Just in Time) environment. On the other hand, three versions of assembly line balancing problem can be identified: Type I, Type II, and Type E. There are only two articles ( Kara, Ozcan, & Peker, 2007a and Hamzadayi & Yildiz, 2012) related to simultaneous balancing and sequencing of mixed-model U-lines for minimizing the number of stations (Type 1 problem) by ignoring the fixed model sequence in the current literature. In this paper, a simulated annealing algorithm is proposed for solving a problem of type 1 by ignoring the fixed model sequence. Accordingly, simulated annealing based fitness evaluation approach proposed by Hamzadayi and Yildiz (2012) is enhanced by adding the tabu list, and inserted into the proposed algorithm. Implementation difficulties experienced in meta-heuristics based on solution modification for solving these types of problems are demonstrated. ‘Absolute deviation of workloads’ (ADW) is quite frequently used as performance criteria in the literature. It is found that ADW is an insufficient performance criterion for evaluating the performance of the solutions, and this is showed by means of an illustrative example. The parameters of the proposed algorithm are reviewed for calibrating the algorithm by means of Taguchi design of experiments. Performance of the proposed approach is tested through a set of test problems. The results of computational experiments indicate that the proposed approach is an effective method in solving simultaneous line balancing/model sequencing problems for mixed-model U-lines for minimizing the number of stations.