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前言二苯甲酸二甘醇酯[(C_6H_5COOCH_2CH_2)_2O,简称DEDB],是一种优良的耐寒增塑剂,可用于聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯等许多树脂的增塑剂,具有溶解作用强,相容性好,挥发性小,且具耐油、耐水、耐污染、耐光变性好和闪点高、使用安全等特点。DEDB 常温下是具有微香味的无色油状液体,不溶于水。沸点236℃(666.6Pa),比重D_4~(21)1.1751,折光率n_4~(20)1.5448,粘度(20℃)0.112Pa·S,开杯闪点232℃。大白鼠经口致死量LD_(50)为5.44克/千克体重,国外有关食品、医约、化妆品管理部门认为可以代替部分DOP,用于食品包装材料、儿童玩具等的增塑剂或添加剂。因此,DEDB 具有一定 相似文献
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以乙二醇生产中的副产品二甘醇为原料,(C_2H_5)_2SO_4为烷基化试剂,碱性物质SHBA为催化剂,采用Williamson合成法的技术路线合成了二甘醇单乙醚。转化率80%~95%[对(C_2H_5)_2SO_4而言],二甘醇单乙醚选择性80%~90%。还就影响醚化反应转化率和选择性的原料配比、反应温度和反应时间进行了讨论,推荐了较适宜的反应条件。 相似文献
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在无溶剂条件下 ,以硬脂酸钠作为催化剂 ,利用二甘醇葡萄糖苷与硬脂酸直接酯化合成二甘醇葡萄糖苷硬脂酸酯 ,在反应温度为 180℃ ,反应时间 10h ,催化剂用量为反应物总质量11 1%的条件下 ,硬脂酸的转化率达 95 0 % 相似文献
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研究了一种合成多甘醇二碘化物的新方法,在耐压反应釜中,适当提高反应温度,可将反应时间由常压法的70h缩短到2h,且产品收率高,操作简便,有利于进行批量生产。 相似文献
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C. Martin 《Electrochimica acta》2005,50(12):2431-2435
This work reports the electrochemical reduction of pyruvic acid, which contains a carbonyl group more reducible than its carboxylic entity. The electrode potential and the concentration of the starting substrate seemed to be the factors that control the electrochemical production of the competitive reaction products. In fact, lactic acid was mainly obtained on a lead electrode in sulfuric acid for low concentrations of pyruvic acid while 2,3-dimethyl tartaric acid was selectively formed by electrohydrodimerization of a high amount of pyruvic acid. During the cathodic reduction of pyruvic acid in sulfuric acid solution, the effects of electrode potential and pyruvic acid concentration on the selectivity towards the formation of lactic acid were systematically studied. 相似文献
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以盐酸四环素(TC·HCl)为研究对象,钛基钌铱涂层(IrO2-RuO2/Ti)为阳极,钛板为阴极,电催化氧化降解TC·HCl模拟废水,探讨了初始质量浓度、电流密度、pH、电解质硫酸钠浓度对电催化降解TC·HCl效率的影响。结果表明,电催化氧化可有效降解水中的TC·HCl。提高电流密度,降低TC·HCl初始质量浓度、电解质硫酸钠浓度,可增大TC·HCl去除率。反应的前90 min,pH对去除率无影响,反应90 min后降解效果出现明显差别,pH为3、7和12时,反应300 min去除率分别为92%、100%和72%。降解过程遵循一级反应动力学模型。通过综合各工艺参数下的去除率、能量消耗和电流效率,得出最佳工艺参数为:TC·HCl初始质量浓度300 mg/L、电流密度10 mA/cm2、硫酸钠浓度0.05 mol/L、pH=7,在该条件下反应180 min后TC·HCl去除率达94%。该实验结果为电化学处理制药工业废水提供了基础数据和科学参考。 相似文献
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采用SBA-15分子筛等体积浸渍负载磷钨杂多酸制备了PW/SBA-15催化剂,应用XRD、DSG-TGA等对催化剂结构进行分析和表征。结果表明,SBA-15分子筛在负载磷钨酸后,磷钨杂多酸完全引入到SBA-15分子筛的骨架结构中,其稳定性大幅增加。同时采用一锅煮的方法用过氧化氢氧化环己烯制得己二酸,运用正交试验法和单因素实验法对催化剂性能进行评价。结果表明,催化剂用量1.75 g、反应时间9 h、反应温度80℃、n(H_2O_2)∶n(环己烯)=5.47∶1,反应开始加入13.75 mL的H_2O_2,4 h后再加入13.75 mL的H_2O_2条件下合成的己二酸收率和纯度最高。 相似文献
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Electrolytically deposited Cu on polyaniline film covered Pt substrate (Cu/PANI/Pt) is used as anode for the electrooxidation of methanol in alkaline medium. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic activity of the electrode were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, chronomethods, rotating disc voltammetry and polarization studies. The morphology and composition of the modified film were obtained using SEM and EDAX techniques. The electrooxidation of methanol in NaOH is found to be more efficient on Cu/PANI/Pt than on bare Cu (Cu), electrodeposited Cu on Cu (Cu/Cu) and electrodeposited Cu on Pt (Cu/Pt) substrates. Partial chemical displacement of dispersed Cu on PANI with Pt or Pd further improved its performance towards methanol oxidation. 相似文献
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Kojic acid is an inhibitor of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is used for inhibiting the browning effect of tyrosinase in
the food and cosmetic industries. To improve its lipophilic properties, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase and Penicillium camembertii lipase were used for catalyzing the esterification of kojic acid to synthesize kojic acid monolaurate and kojic acid monooleate.
These products showed a 69.5% inhibitory effect on tyrosinase in hydrophobic organic solvent. The yields of kojic acid esters
were affected by enzymes, substrates, organic solvent, and temperature. Lauric and oleic acids were the best substrates for
esterification among various fatty acids tested. CaCl2 and MnCl2 stimulate Pseudomonas cepacia lipasecatalyzed esterification by 7.0%. On the contrary, MgCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2 inhibited the reaction. The best pH of buffer for lipase pretreatment was pH 6.0. Pseudomonas and Penicillium lipases can be reused for the synthesis of kojic acid esters. After reaction at 40°C for 10 d, the Penicillium and Pseudomonas lipases still retained 57.0% and 92.0% of their initial activities, respectively. 相似文献
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本文介绍了缓蚀剂在酸性介质中的应用,概述了有机缓蚀剂缓蚀机制研究的现状.由于环保的要求,有机缓蚀剂正朝着高效、低毒的方向发展,本文着重叙述了当前研究比较热门的三种新型有机缓蚀剂,并展望了有机缓蚀剂的发展趋势. 相似文献
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采用多壁纳米碳管(MWNTs)与La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8复合催化剂制备复合催化剂氧电极,研究了它的电化学特性。发现MWNTs对氧还原具有明显的催化作用,电极中单独采用MWNTs为催化剂时,氧电极工作电流密度可达200 mA/cm2(-0.6 V Hg/HgO参比电极)。结果表明,采用正交实验法获得了复合催化剂的最佳配比为:0.1 gMWNTs+0.02 g La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8+0.5 mL PTFE+0.1 g ZnO,在最佳配比条件下,氧电极工作电流密度可达317mA/cm2(-0.6 V Hg/HgO参比电极),其交换电流密度为144.1 mA/cm2;MWNTs与La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8催化剂具有催化性能的叠加特性,明显优于单一催化剂氧电极;MWNTs与不同类型的钙钛石组成复合催化剂时,La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8与La0.6Ca0.4CoO2.8性能接近,但明显优于La0.8Sr0.2MnO2.9。 相似文献
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综合近年来国内外有关三维电极电化学废水处理技术研究文献,概述了三维电极在废水处理中的应用研究进展和特点,对三维电极在处理重金属离子废水、有机废水等方面的应用进行了论述,同时也对三维电极与其它技术的结合使用进行了总结,并提出三维电极目前在应用研究方面存在的问题及今后的研究方向。 相似文献