共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Akitoshi Takeuchi 《Lubrication Science》2011,23(7):331-346
In situ observations of variations in the lubrication conditions between a piston pin and a pin boss in a real automotive engine block operating under low rotational speeds, such as during activation of the engine, were carried out by measuring the echo height detected by an ultrasonic probe installed into the cylindrical piston pin. It was possible to estimate the oil film thickness directly within an accuracy of 1 µm by the echo height ratio reflected from the piston pin surface. The amplitude of the reflected wave (echo height) under the condition including an air bubble was higher than that without an air bubble, and the phase of the wave approached that of the dry condition. It thus became possible to detect cavitation between the piston pin and the pin boss. In particular, cavitations were continuously observed at the anti‐thrust side in the upstroke under 300 rpm operation. However, it was at least clarified that the lubrication condition in the thrust side of the piston pin supporting a load under a stable condition was sufficient to maintain safe operation, since a continuous oil film without a cavity was formed at the thrust side even for a low rotational speed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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杨庭琪;田晓丽;娄文忠;何博;冯恒振 《测试科学与仪器》2023,14(1):103-107
微带贴片天线具有体积小、重量轻、剖面低、成本低、易于集成等优点,被广泛应用于各种通信、遥测和探测系统中。但是,微带贴片天线也存在定向增益低的缺点。为此,提出了一种加载共形超材料的高增益微带贴片天线。将方形开环谐振器(Split-ring resonator,SRR)拓扑变换为符合圆形衬底的SRR单元,SRR赋予抑制天线表面波的超材料效应。仿真结果表明,初始的圆形微带贴片天线的谐振频率为10 GHz,增益为6.12 dBi。加载10个拓扑SRR单元的天线的近场参数保持良好,远场增益为7.88 dBi,比初始天线增加了近2 dBi。 相似文献
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This paper describes a state of the art in micro-structuring high strength metallic materials. Tungsten micro pin arrays in a variety of shapes are fabricated using a micro carving technology, which combines laser beam machining and electrochemical etching processes. First, micro pin arrays were rough-shaped by laser beam machining along a pre-defined scanning path to control their structural shape. The micro pin array in this stage had near-conical shape of structures due to a recast layer. Next, the genuine shape of micro pin arrays came to the surface via electrochemical etching process to elute the recast layer into electrolyte. Quantitative elemental analysis with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was implemented to characterize the formation of recast layer on a micro pin structure after the laser beam machining process. The atomic percentage EDS maps indicated that higher percentage of tungsten was detected on the core micro pin structure, whereas relatively large percentage of oxygen was found on the recast layer (O 9%, W 91% in the center area, and O 53%, W 47% in the outer area). 相似文献
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朱建芳 《仪表技术与传感器》2006,(2):13-15
分析了能广泛应用于金属轧制生产线上进行非接触式连续测量材料厚度的辐射测厚仪的工作原理,设计了智能辐射测厚仪的硬件和软件,利用单片机实现对测量数据的特殊处理、工作状态的自动识别、动态自动校正、动态温度补偿和人工修正等。实际应用表明,仪器达到了规定的技术指标,应用效果较好。 相似文献
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In planarizing a thin substrate, it has been difficult to remove warp or waviness as such substrates are forcibly deformed by conventional clamping methods. To clamp a thin substrate with no deformation, we have developed a freezing pin chuck system that fixes a thin substrate by freezing the fixation liquid on many pins. This paper describes the precision and fixing characteristics of this newly developed clamping process. The process consists of temperature control of the chuck, a spraying method to form droplets having concurrently uniform height on all pins, and a placing and fixing method that uses melting and refreezing steps so as to not impart shock on a wafer. Fixing strength in the shearing direction achieved more than 110 kPa, and the maximum deformation using the proposed clamping process achieved only 10 μm for a wafer 300 mm in diameter, 1.2 mm in thickness, and 100 μm in warp. Additionally, it is shown theoretically that the cause of slight deformation in this clamping method is the attraction imparted by the meniscus force. 相似文献
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为了定量测量蓝宝石衬底在化学机械抛光过程中产生的损伤层厚度d和折射率n,提出了一种光谱椭偏测量法。首先,测量蓝宝石衬底反射光谱(波长范围:250~1650 mm)偏振态的改变量(即振幅比和相位差):然后,通过光学建模和测量数据反演,获得损伤层d和n。实验研究了Al,0。和SiO,两种磨料加工蓝宝石衬底损伤层d和n的变化趋势,前者d呈现波动趋势且最小值(约1.4mm)出现在40min左右,后者d持续下降,在20min接近1mm;二者损伤层n均小于蓝宝石晶体n。另外,实验和仿真分析结果表明相位差与厚度变化趋势一致,因无需建模反演,可作为快速表征损伤层 d变化趋势的参量。总之,所提方法作为光学无损测量模式,适用于加工过程监测。 相似文献
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为有效提升60GHz贴片天线及阵列的辐射带宽,提出利用微机械手段加工天线的低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)基板。通过微切削方法在特定生瓷层上制作贯通结构,充填可挥发牺牲材料,完成基板叠压、烧结,待牺牲层升华排净后最终构成三维微结构。设计、制备了悬臂梁、围框结构和微管道等工艺样品。对天线设计电性能进行全波分析,并测试了微流道散热特性。实验结果表明:提出的方法成功解决了不同轴系各方向收缩率不一致、空腔塌陷等工艺问题,制作出的悬臂梁与围框尺寸高宽比达4∶1,总长为12mm,总层厚为1.4mm;内嵌微流道横截面为200μm×200μm,长度达25cm以上;内部光滑,基板表面贴装发热功率密度达2W/cm2的功率器件时提供40K以上的冷却能力;基板经过微机械加工后,天线的辐射带宽可从2.7GHz增加到5.3GHz,而增益的损失甚微。这些结果显示,用简单、低成本的微机械加工方法可在不显著增加制造成本的情况下有效扩增毫米波贴片天线的辐射带宽,为贴片天线阵中有源发射功率器件的设计和贴片天线的三维高密度集成提供了有效的技术支持。 相似文献
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通过对南山站太阳照射情况的研究,借助有限元分析软件得到天线座架在太阳照射作用下的瞬态温度场分布和热变形情况。建立天线有限元模型,计算在夏至日晴天无云情况下天线受太阳辐射、空气对流和周围环境长波辐射等边界条件下天线座架在不同时刻的热流密度曲线及温度分布;并对温度场分析结果与座架结构做热-结构耦合分析,得到天线座架的热变形分布。结果表明:在太阳照射作用下,不同时刻座架结构中各条梁的温度变化较大;同一时刻不同的梁的温度分布也有明显差异,最大温差可达9℃;热变形量的RMS最大可达1.8 mm,严重的影响到天线的指向。 相似文献
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H. So 《Tribology International》1996,29(5):415-423
The use of a pin-on-disc configuration for investigating the wear mechanism or behaviour of solid materials is examined carefully since the results of such configurations differ from published data and some existing theories cannot be applied to such a configuration directly. The obvious contradictions include the following. The results between the arrangements of the rotating pin and the stationary pin under the same load and speed are different. The bulk temperatures of the rubbing specimens increase with the duration of testing, which may eventually arrive at a steady state. However, before the wear condition reaches a steady state, it will have continuously varied. Moreover, the friction coefficient increases with sliding speed when the applied load on the rubbing specimens is over certain levels. All these contradictions can be reasonably explained with the accurate prediction of bulk and flash temperatures at the contact area. To this end, this paper provides a more reasonable method for the calculation of temperatures and the real and apparent contact areas. 相似文献
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1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了测量空中目标的红外辐射特性,设计了一套1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标装置。给出了红外测量系统辐射定标的数学模型,以腔型黑体和平行光管组合作为标准辐射源,建立了1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标系统。考虑该红外测量系统的光谱响应具有选择性,若采用传统辐射定标方法易产生原理误差,故提出了一种基于光栅单色仪和标准辐射计的相对光谱标定方法。给出了该标定方法的数学模型并进行了相对光谱标定。最后,在外场以黑体作为模拟目标进行了辐射特性测量实验。结果表明,应用本文提出的辐射定标方法,1m口径红外测量系统的辐射特性测量误差最大值为9.5%,比传统方法平均减少了约8.7%,可满足实际项目指标要求,非常适合外场辐射定标的应用。 相似文献
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Ring patch antennas have the characteristics of electrically small size as decreasing the width of the conducting portion compared to those of conventional patch antennas.In the ring patch antenna,using capacitive feed method is suitable for impedance matching.The effect of the size of the feed patch on the input impedance of the square ring patch antennas are analyzed and radiation patterns of the square ring patch antennas are compared to that of a square conventional patch antenna by the simulated results. 相似文献
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微带贴片天线应变传感器优化设计研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
承载部件作为高端装备中最常见的结构单元,在役过程中受载荷和应力集中影响极易萌生裂纹,导致结构失效,实时监测结构关键部件的应变状态对保障结构健康至关重要。基于微波无损检测技术,揭示了矩形微带贴片天线的辐射元尺寸对其固有谐振频率的影响规律,探究了微带贴片天线谐振频率与应变的相互作用机理。矩形微带贴片天线可激发单频和双频谐振频率,改变矩形辐射元的长度或宽度,其谐振频率会发生频移。实验结果表明,当对金属接地板施加一定拉应力时,贴片天线几何尺寸会发生改变,其谐振频率也随之发生偏移,据此可推算出金属接地板的应变大小,这对关键承载部件的应变和裂纹实时监测具有重要的研究意义。 相似文献