以湖湘文化塑造湘菜国际化餐饮品牌

湘菜具有悠久的发展历史，其发展过程也是湖湘文化孕育发展的过程，湖湘文化的精髓也渗透到湘菜的发展过程之中。在国际化发展的今天，要想打造湖南国际化餐饮品牌新形象，就必须结合其发展的背景，利用湖湘文化作为湘菜向外发展所具有国际化品牌的优势。本文将沿用营销学原理设计策划出的“湖湘餐饮品牌”，并且提出了可行性较强的推广策略。     

湘菜历史文化与产业发展探讨

湘菜是中国八大菜系之一,湘菜文化是湖湘文化的重要组成部分.从湘菜的历史文化入手,以科学的方法、充分的理论依据为湘菜正名；着眼国际视野,阐述湘菜未来产业化的国际化发展之路.     

湘菜六味

以前很多人都罗列过湘菜的特点，有的说湘菜：品种多、选料精、味道浓、香味佳；有的说湘菜色正味浓，如陈年佳酿，似极品香茗。更有人总结为：刀工精细，形味兼美；烹调多样，尤重煨制；长于调味。口味重酸辣。可最近这几年里，湘菜的发展可谓突飞猛进，故我们湘菜餐饮人也该重新总结归纳一下今日湘菜。     

从湘菜火爆看如何推动湘菜产业化

为期100多天的由中国烹饪协会和湖南日报报业集团联合举办的中国湘菜美食文化节终于在2006年10月29日落下帷幕。节会的10多项主题活动，包括餐饮行业系列评比、电视“湖湘美食直通车”的开通、“六地联动，共推湘菜”美食周的大型跨区域活动、全国百道风味名小吃博览会、长沙酒店用品博览和申奥湘菜大联展等，赢得了餐饮企业和社会各界的好评，有力地推动了湘菜产业化的快速发展。其中尤以“湘菜与世界，湘菜与奥运”的主题论坛备受关注，来自全国各地的湘菜企业老总、研究湘菜的经济学者、湘菜大师共聚一堂，共同研讨如何打响湘菜的品牌，让湘菜走出湖南、走向世界。我刊从本期起将陆续刊登该论坛上专家、学者等的精彩发言，以慰读者。[编者按]     

从共享湘菜理论出发探讨预制菜产业健康发展的问题与对策

预制湘菜起步早,借助已构建成的完整的湘菜产业化标准体系,初步形成了共享湘菜理论并成为连锁湘菜产业发展的指南,确立了家常湘菜和连锁湘菜两个主攻方向,但整体规模目前还不大。文章通过对湘菜到预制湘菜发展历程的梳理,诠释了共享湘菜理论的基本思路,辨析了预制菜的定义及其在各菜系中的认知差异,剖析了预制菜产业健康发展面临的八大核心难题,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

"书店"中自有珍馐

湘菜系我国八大菜系之一，历史悠久，西汉时期湘菜的烹饪技艺就已达到一定水平，据对马王堆汉墓出土之烹食残留物及一套竹简菜谱进行考究，证明当时是人已利用数十种动植物烹剂菜肴，显见湘菜发展历史至少已有两千多年，可谓源远流长。     

悦读

《湘菜本色》是一本湘菜传承之作，由湘菜大师土墨泉先生集结五十余年的从业经历和技艺心得，仡费两年多时间亲自撰写，手稿字数达十五万余字。在当今湘菜界，王墨泉是辈分最高的一代，他基于湘菜传承的使命感，完成了这本沉淀厚实的湘菜本色之作。     

新派湘菜 盛行台湾

提到湘菜在台湾的发展，不能不说说彭长贵先生。他是将湘菜从家乡菜登上国际舞台．书写台湾湘菜历史与地位的关键人物．左宗棠鸡、生菜虾松、富贵火腿、彭家豆腐……若干老饕上湖南菜馆必点的招牌菜，其实都是彭长贵在台湾改良创作出来的新湘菜。现今台湾的湘菜餐厅所列的菜码，八成都有他的影子，与湘菜沾得上边的厨师，几乎都受过他的传授。如今高龄87岁的彭长贵虽早已交棒下一代，但仍经常到餐厅巡视。     

由川菜湘菜引出的话题

如果让我用一个词来形容川菜这十几年的发展状况，我想“遍地开花”最恰当不过。而如今的湘菜，也是迅猛地在发展，即使是在饮食以清淡为主的广东地区，湘菜也容易找到立身之地。那么明天的湘菜呢？它在上海、大连，或者是其他的一些城市还能够“湘”起来吗？亲爱的读者朋友，你想对湘菜和川菜说些什么呢？这就是我们下面将要讨论的话题。我们欢迎大家就这个话题登陆www.scprok.com网站。进入“桂皮调香”窗口，在“说说心里话”栏目上发帖子。     

湘菜非物质文化遗产文化育人价值探析

湘菜非物质文化遗产是湖湘文化传承的重要载体,蕴涵有湖湘饮食文化的精髓,在长期的发展实践中,形成了精耕自作的工匠精神,勤俭淳朴的生活态度,天人合一、顺应自然的饮食思想和孝亲善人的仁爱精神等文化特质。应促使湘菜非遗文化应在传承中、在生活中、在节气饮食活动中发挥积极育人作用,以实现其育人价值的时代意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the