LTE系统中上行多址接入技术PAPR的研究

LTE（Long Term Evolution）系统下行链路中采用基于OFDM技术的OFDMA多址方案。但是OFDMA多址方案存在一个重大缺陷：PAPR（峰值平均功率比）过高的问题。而SC-FDMA（单载波频分多址）是一种使用单载波调制和频域均衡的技术,具有低PAPR这一显著特性。本文介绍比较了SC-FDMA和0FDMA两种多址方式,分析了LTE系统中SC-FDMA信号实现过程,并且仿真LTE系统中SC-FDMA的PAPR。仿真结果表明,随着系统带宽的增加,发射信号的PAPR越大,同时对SC-FDMA和OFDMA两种多址接入方式下的PAPR进行比较,得出SC-FDMA具有较低PAPR。     

一种基于OSIC的MIMO SC-FDMA系统载波同步算法

针对MIMO SC-FDMA系统载波频率偏移敏感问题,本文提出一种基于OSIC的载波同步算法。该算法对载波频偏（CFO）的信号进行排序、零化、迭代均衡实现干扰消除。理论分析和仿真实验表明该算法实现了载波频偏干扰消除的目的,并且提高了系统性能。     

STBC系统中卡尔曼均衡算法的仿真研究

空时分组码（STBC）系统中采用卡尔曼（Kalman）均衡算法对接收信号序列及其复共轭进行处理,在此基础上结合宽线性前置滤波（WLP）的思想,减小信号的插入损耗,显著地减轻了由频率选择性衰落信道引起的码间干扰。通过Matlab仿真比较了基于宽线性前置滤波处理的卡尔曼均衡滤波算法在不同接收天线数以及不同调制方案下的系统性能,并与传统的最小均方误差（MMSE）均衡算法进行比较。仿真结果表明,该算法使系统在高信噪比的条件下误码率有明显的下降,且在同样提高了系统性能的前提下,具有较低的复杂度。     

LTE-A上行MIMO系统中空频编码及CM性能的研究

在LTE-A上行系统中,人们采用单载波频分多址接入（SC-FDMA）方案。SC-FDMA是一种具有与正交频分复用（OFDM）系统相似复杂度,立方度量（CM）低的单载波调制和频域均衡技术。首先介绍了LTE-A上行多输入输出（MIMO）系统架构,在此基础上研究资源块、调制方式和多天线空频编码（SFBC）对上行系统CM的影响。仿真结果证明,天线越多,其对系统CM影响越大,4天线发送系统中空频编码技术对系统CM值的影响占主体。     

快速收敛的正交振幅调制信号半盲均衡算法

针对传输正交幅度调制信号的多输入多输出频率选择性衰落无线通信系统中的信号间干扰与信号内部的码间干扰问题, 提出了一种改进的软决策算法.该方法精确地利用了正交振幅调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM)信号星座图信息, 避免了经典恒模算法、多模算法中存在的误调问题, 提高了均衡性能.对代价函数采用梯度牛顿法进行优化, 与常用的梯度类算法相比, 其具有更快的收敛速度.通过均方误差和最大信道扭曲分析和验证了该算法的可靠性和有效性.     

电力线OFDM/OQAM通信系统信道相位预处理均衡算法

针对电力线通信（PLC）正交频分复用（OFDM）系统存在频率掩码和频谱资源利用率低等问题,提出将正交频分复用/偏移正交幅度调制（OFDM/OQAM）技术应用到PLC系统中。该技术通过选用频率选择性较好的滤波器来抑制带外干扰,且不需要循环前缀,但是OFDM/OQAM系统在PLC频域复数信道下会产生严重的自干扰,传统的均衡算法并不能有效地消除OFDM/OQAM系统的固有干扰。针对这种情况提出了一种基于信道相位预处理的均衡算法。该算法的思想是让接收信号乘以一个信道相位调整因子,使等效信道的虚部尽量小,以此来减小接收信号中的干扰分量。仿真结果表明,与传统的均衡算法相比,所提算法在误比特率为1.0×10－6时可以获得0.5dB的性能提升。     

水声信道中的迭代分组判决反馈均衡器

 与传统的时域均衡相比,频域均衡为单载波传输系统提供了一种计算更为有效的方法。该文对有大多径时延和多普勒频移的水声信道中的频域分组迭代判决反馈均衡器(IB-DFE)进行了研究,提出了一种联合迭代均衡和频域信道估计(JECE)算法,分析了JECE算法的性能以及不同数据参数对IB-DFE性能的影响,并计算了IB-DFE的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,所提出的JECE算法对时变水声信道有更好的适应性。与TD-DFE相比,IB-DFE有3.6 dB以上的信噪比增益和约19%的复杂度增益,而且随着多径时延和多普勒频移的增加,这种性能增益会进一步增加。     

一种改进的多用户自适应调制信道均衡算法

在多用户自适应调制系统中,由于多用户复用调制星座,各用户之间形成很强的共道干扰,在此情况下使用传统的信道均衡算法将使系统性能恶化。本文提出一种改进的信道均衡算法,该算法的核心是在信道均衡时自适应地采用多用户联合检测,从而提高信道均衡的准确性。仿真结果表明,新算法较传统算法具有大约1dB的增益。     

基于OSIC的MIMO SC-FDMA系统载波同步算法

针对MIMO SC-FDMA系统载波频率偏移敏感问题,提出一种基于OSIC的载波同步算法.该算法对存在载波频偏(CFO)的信号进行排序、零化、迭代均衡实现干扰消除.理论分析和仿真实验表明该算法实现了载波频偏干扰消除的目的,并且提高了系统性能.     

基于Alamouti空时码的单载波频域均衡技术

单载波频域均衡技术不仅可以有效对抗频率选择性衰落,实现高速率、大容量的信号传输,而且能避免OFDM系统的不足。本文讨论了单载波频域均衡技术的原理及其与Alamouti空时编码结合时多发射/接收天线条件下的分集接收算法,在广播频段下,对不同信道环境下的系统传输性能进行了对比仿真。     

Multiuser subcarriers and bit allocation combining adaptive mapping for SC-FDMA system

In this article, a multiuser single carrier frequency division multiple access （SC-FDMA） system is considered, based on which an adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation algorithm is investigated. The algorithm has been used to achieve a subcarrier mapping mode in this system, which combines the advantages of single- and multi-carrier transmissions, such as, low peak to average power ratio, orthogonality of signals of different users, and low complexity. Simulation results show that it has a similar performance as that of the adaptive allocation algorithm in the orthogonal frequency division multiple （OFDM） system and the proposed mapping mode has a performance gain over the two existing mapping modes at the link level.     

Novel Turbo Receiver for MU-MIMO SC-FDMA System

Single carrier-frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted as the uplink transmission standard in fourth-generation cellular networks to facilitate power efficiency transmission in mobile stations. Because multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) is a promising technology employed to fully exploit the channel capacity in mobile radio networks, this study investigates the uplink transmission of MU-MIMO SC-FDMA systems with orthogonal space-frequency block codes (SFBCs). It is preferable to minimize the length of the cyclic prefix (CP). In this study, the chained turbo equalization technique with chained turbo estimation is employed in the designed receiver. Chained turbo estimation employs a short training sequence to improve the spectrum efficiency without compromising the estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel and spectrally efficient iterative joint-channel estimation, multiuser detection, and turbo equalization for an MU-MIMO SC-FDMA system without CP-insertion and with short TR. Some simulation examples are presented for the uplink scenario to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Impact of the power amplifier on the performance of the single carrier frequency division multiple access system

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a promising alternative to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) for uplink wireless communications in frequency-selective fading environments. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the power amplifier (PA) on the performance of the SC-FDMA system. The suitable saturation level thresholds of the PA that can be utilized in the SC-FDMA system are studied and determined through simulations for different modulation formats. Simulation results show that the saturation level of the PA has a significant effect on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the SC-FDMA system, especially with high order modulation formats.     

Discrete Sine and Cosine Transforms in Single Carrier Modulation Systems

In the DFT-based single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) modulation system, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is usually exploited to divide the frequency channel. In this paper, we propose to use discrete sine/cosine transforms in place of the DFT for SC-FDMA. Eight SC-FDMA systems based on various DST/DCT types are studied. The bit error rate (BER) and the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) are used to evaluate performance of these eight DST/DCT-based SC-FDMA systems in comparison with the conventional DFT-based SC-FDMA system in an AWGN environment. Simulation results show that the DST/DCT-based SC-FDMA systems with the use of localized FDMA scheme can provide better BER performance and yet keep the same PAPR performance as compared to the DFT-based SC-FDMA system.     

Low complexity ordered successive interference cancelation detection algorithm for uplink MIMO SC-FDMA system

In mobile communication, the most exploratory technology of fifth generation is massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO). The minimum mean square error and zero forcing based linear detectors are used in multiuser detection for MIMO single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). When the received signal is detected and regularization sequence is joined in the equalization of spectral null amplification, these schemes experience an error performance and the signal detection assesses an inversion of a matrix computation that grows into complexity. Ordered successive interference cancelation (OSIC) detection is considered for MIMO SC-FDMA, which uses a posteriori information to eradicate these problems in a realistic environment. To cancel the interference, sorting is preferred based on signal-to-noise ratio and log-likelihood ratio. The distinctiveness of the methodology is to predict the symbol with the lowest error probability. The proposed work is compared with the existing methods, and simulation results prove that the defined algorithm outperforms conventional detection methods and accomplishes better performance with lower complication.     

Exploiting Multiuser MIMO in the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Systems

By adopting multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs are evolving into high speed systems. While only one user can transmit at a time in the conventional IEEE 802.11 systems, we investigate the possibility of multiuser transmission by using MIMO antennas, which is now known as multiuser MIMO. The multiuser MIMO technique enables multiple users to receive packets over the downlink simultaneously, but it should be carefully used in the IEEE 802.11 systems for interoperation with non-MIMO legacy terminals. Through analysis and simulation evaluation, we demonstrate that multiuser transmission with a scheduling algorithm and single-user transmission with enhanced spatial multiplexing achieve enhanced performance by exploiting multiuser diversity in the space and time domains. Especially, when the number of stations is large, multiuser transmission shows better performance than enhanced single-user transmission.     

Robust Lyapunov–Krasovskii based design for explicit control protocol against heterogeneous delays

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is currently a widely used transmission technology that has been designated as the uplink transmission technology for the 4G mobile communications standard. SC-FDMA also has a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), where OFDMA is the downlink transmission technology in the 4G standard. However, the PAPR of SC-FDMA increases with the M value in an M-ary modulation scheme, causing a decrease in the efficiency of high-power amplifiers at the transmission end. This study proposes a technique for minimizing the PAPR in SC-FDMA systems by dividing a 16-QAM product code (PC) into two subblocks, one of which is dedicated to encoding transmission data for enhanced error correction, and the other is for generating PAPR-reduction signals. Moreover, this study employed the constellation extension scheme to generate PAPR reduction signals because it can prevent additional data loss caused by the generated PAPR reduction signals. Simulation results show that the proposed technique not only reduces PAPR in SC-FDMA system, but its transmission signals also outperform conventional SC-FDMA signals in error correction because of the incorporated PCs.     

Analysis and Compensation of Transmitter IQ Imbalances in OFDMA and SC-FDMA Systems

One limiting issue in implementing high-speed wireless systems is the impairment associated with analog processing due to component imperfections. In uplink transmission of multiuser systems, a major source of such impairment is in-phase/quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) introduced at multiple transmitters. In this paper, we deal with orthogonal-frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) which have received attention in recent years as physical layer protocol in WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and analyze the effect of the transmitter (Tx) IQIs on OFDMA and SC-FDMA receivers. To cope with the interuser interference problem due to Tx IQIs, we propose a widely linear receiver for OFDMA and SC-FDMA systems and also propose a novel subcarrier allocation scheme, which has high tolerance to such Tx IQ distortion.