碳热还原氮化攀钢高钛高炉渣制取Ti(C,N)的研究

以攀钢高炉渣(粒度≤0.074mm,w(TiO2)=21.19%)和炭黑(w(C)=98%)为原料,在密封管式炉中通入流量0.5L·min-1的工业N2(纯度>95%),分别在1300℃、1350℃、1400℃、1450℃、1500℃保温2h以及在1450℃下分别保温0、2h、4h、6h、8h的条件下,采用碳热还原氮化法制备了Ti(C,N)。用X射线衍射仪、电子探针、图像分析仪等研究了碳氮化处理温度及保温时间对Ti(C,N)的形成及其晶粒大小的影响。结果表明碳氮化处理温度对高炉渣中Ti(C,N)的形成过程产生显著影响,温度从1300℃升至1500℃时,产物中Ti(C,N)的相对含量增大,其晶粒也逐渐长大,但超过1450℃后,影响又不太显著;在1450℃下延长保温时间能促进Ti(C,N)的生成与晶粒长大,但保温时间超过2h后,此促进作用又不太明显。     

烧结气氛对合成MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N)复合陶瓷的影响

以金属铝粉、钛白粉和轻烧MgO细粉为原料,通过设计100%焦炭粒(简称C气氛),10%钛白粉 90%焦炭粒(简称TC气氛),以及10%硅微粉 90%焦炭粒(简称SC气氛)3种埋粉条件下的高温烧结还原性气氛,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和微区电子探针分析(EPMA)等手段,研究了铝热还原氮化法(1600℃3h)制备MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N)复合陶瓷在不同烧结气氛下的相组成和显微结构的变化。结果表明在不同气氛下,烧后试样的主要物相均为MgAl2O4和Ti(C,N),Ti(C,N)可能会固溶氧,气氛对Ti(C,N)的影响较大。和单纯埋炭气氛下相比,在TC气氛下有助于Ti(C,N)的生成,但晶粒细小;在SC气氛下不利于Ti(C,N)的生成,且有玻璃相存在。     

Effects of Different Carbon Sources and NaBr- KCl on Synthesis of Ti（C, N）

Ti(C,N)was synthesized with the starting materials of 76.9% titania white and 23.1% carbon black(graphite or activated carbon),or 40% titania white and 60% amylum,with or without 10% NaBr-KCl,dry moulding and carbon embedded firing at 1 300 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 3 h,respectively.Phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized Ti(C,N)were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EPMA.Effects of different carbon sources and NaBr-KCl on the synthesis of Ti(C,N)were investigated.The results show that:(1)Ti(C,N)can be synthe...     

Effects of Different Carbon Sources and NaBr-KCI on Synthesis of Ti(C,N)

Ti(C,N) was synthesized with the starting materi-als of 76.9% titania white and 23.1% carbon black (graphite or activated carbon),or 40% titania white and 60% amylum,with or without 10% NaBr-KCI,dry moulding and carbon embedded firing at 1 300 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 3 h,respectively.Phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized Ti (C,N) were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EPMA.Effects of different carbon sources and NaBr-KCl on the synthesis of Ti (C,N) were investigated.The results show that:(1) Ti (C,N) can be synthesized by using carbon black,graphite,activated carbon or amylum as carbon source separately;(2) Additive NaBr-KCI is more fa-vorable for accelerating the carbothdrmal reduction reac-tion using carbon black or amylum as carbon source;(3) In the presence of NaBr-KCl,particle size of the synthesized Ti (C,N) is 5-8 μm using carbon black as carbon source fired at 1 300 ℃ for 3 h,while that is only 1-3 μm using graphite,activated carbon or amy-lum fired at 1 400 ℃ for 3 h.     

复合添加剂对熔融石英陶瓷析晶的影响

以粒径≤0.10 mm的熔融石英粉为主要原料,分别添加相对于熔融石英粉质量1%、2%、3%的复合添加剂B4C-Yb2O3(B4C与Yb2O3的质量比为1:1)或Si3N4-Nd2O3(Si3N4与Nd2O3的质量比为1:1),以聚乙烯醇为结合剂,经搅拌、成型、干燥后,分别于1300、1350和1400℃埋炭(石墨)保温1 h热处理,然后在常温～1200℃对烧后试样进行热膨胀试验,并对其进行XRD分析,以研究复合添加剂B4C-Yb2O3和Si3N4-Nd2O3对熔融石英陶瓷在热处理过程中析晶的影响。结果表明:添加B4C-Yb2O3或Si3N4-Nd2O3对熔融石英热处理过程中的析晶均有不同程度的抑制作用,且B4C-Yb2O3抑制熔融石英析晶的效果比Si3N4-Nd2O3的更好,尤其是在较高的热处理温度下。     

用叶蜡石与金红石碳热还原–氮化合成Sialon–Ti(N,C)复合材料

以叶蜡石、金红石和焦炭粉为原料,通过碳热还原–氮化反应合成sialon–Ti(N,C)复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对产物的物相组成、显微结构和微区成分进行了分析,研究了合成温度和配炭量对产物物相组成和显微形貌的影响。结果表明:当叶蜡石与金红石质量比为4:1、配炭量过量50%、合成温度为1 500℃时,合成的sialon–Ti(N,C)复合材料中TiN0.7C0.3晶粒尺寸约为200nm,产物为β-sialon、15R-sialon、TiN0.7C0.3、刚玉和少量β-SiC;当配炭量过量50%,合成温度从1400℃升高到1550℃,产物中β-sialon和TiN0.7C0.3含量逐渐增加。相同合成温度下,配炭量对产物物相组成有重要影响,配炭量过量50%有利于sialon–Ti(N,C)复合材料的合成;当配炭量较少时,产物中出现O’-sialon和Si2N2O;当配炭量过多时,β-sialon向15R-sialon转变。     

Fe-Si_3N_4-C体系中Fe元素的作用机理

以闪速燃烧法合成的Fe-Si3N4粉、炭黑和Si3N4粉为原料,按Fe-Si3N4与C及Si3N4与C均为3.5:1的质量比配料,以酚醛树脂为结合剂混练后制成担5 mm×20 mm的试样,经110℃24 h干燥后分别在埋炭(石墨)条件下于1 300、1 450、1 500、1 550、1 600℃保温3 h处理后快速水冷,然后将淬冷的试样烘干进行XRD、SEM、EDS检测分析.结果表明:Si3N4-C材料在1 500℃时反应形成SiC,1 600℃时仍有较多si,N.存在;而Fe-Si3N4-C材料在1 450℃时已形成大量SiC,且1 500℃时Si3N4基本都转化为SiC,Fe的存在使其转化速度加快,转化温度降低;Fe-Si3N4中的Fe3Si在C存在条件下,通过形成Fe-Si-C熔体,Fe分解Si3N,4并吸纳其中的Si而成为Fe-Si-C系高硅过渡中间相,继而与C反应生成SiC或在熔体中析出SiC晶体,实现Fe对Si3N4向SiC转化的促进作用.     

加热对伊朗粘土碳热还原反应的影响

伊朗粘土的碳热还原反应是在不同的加热温度下，从1000-1500℃分别经过2-16h的试验进行了研究，结果表明用20%的炭黑和15%的石墨混合物在1300℃保温16h有一个范围的莫来石还原反应发生。混合料成型压力对莫来石还原反应的影响被证实是在1300℃。提高温度达到1400℃，莫来石的还原反应才完全，而没有加入石墨的，则要超过1500℃反应才完全。     

B4C-部分石墨化炭黑复合粉体的合成及其抗氧化性

分别以64.7%的硼粉 35.3%的炭黑或55%的硼粉 45%的炭黑为试样组成,分别在真空和非真空条件下,采用自蔓延燃烧法于1400℃保温10~20min进行了B4C-部分石墨化炭黑复合粉体的合成研究。采用XRD、SEM及电子探针等方法对合成粉体的物相及形貌进行了分析;以差热法(TG-DSC)研究了合成粉体的氧化特性。结果表明:炭黑和硼粉加入量(w)分别为45%和55%时,经自蔓延燃烧反应后可以得到粒度均匀的碳化硼(B4C)粉体,且碳黑已部分石墨化。与工业B4C相比,复合粉体中的B4C具有更好的保护碳不被氧化的特性。     

β-Si3N4在含碳材料中转化为SiC的研究

以β-Si3N4及活性炭黑为原料,按照两者质量比为31制成试样.在埋炭条件下,将试样分别在1480℃、1500℃、1550℃和1600℃保温3 h热处理.利用SEM、EDS及XRD等检测方法,结合热力学分析,研究了高温状态下β-Si3N4在含碳耐火材料中的稳定性以及作为过渡相向碳化硅的转化.结果表明在该试验条件下,β-Si3N4在含碳材料中将作为过渡相向SiC转化,明显的转化温度＞1500℃,1600℃仍存在较多未转化的氮化硅;氮化硅颗粒与炭黑的反应主要从接触面开始,然后向内逐步推进;β-Si3N4的粒度对其转化率影响较大.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。