偏高岭土对水泥净浆火山灰效应强度贡献率的影响

根据蒲心诚教授提出的偏高岭土火山灰效应定量分析方法,进行了偏高岭土对水泥净浆(以下简称净浆)火山灰效应强度贡献率(以下简称强度贡献率)的影响研究.结果表明:随着偏高岭土掺量的增加,其净浆强度贡献率增加;随着养护龄期的增加,其净浆强度贡献率呈现先减少后增加的趋势,且7,d时出现最低值;3、28,d时小粒径偏高岭土(2.5和3.75,μm)的净浆强度贡献率明显高于7,d时的值,这说明偏高岭土火山灰效应主要是发生在早期(3,d)和后期(28,d);而大粒径偏高岭土和补充激发剂则有利于提高其中期(7,d)净浆强度.     

Damage action of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based material

The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

Pore Size Distribution of High Performance Metakaolin Concrete

The Compressive strength, porosity and pore size distribution of high performance metakaolin (MK) concrete were investigated. Concretes containing 0,5%,10% and 20% metakaolin were prepared at a water/cementitious material ratio (W/C) of 0.30.In parallel, concrete mixtures with the replacement of cement by 20% fly ash or 5 and 10% silica fume were prepared for comparison.The specimens were cured in water at 27℃ for 3 to 90 days .The results show that at the early age of curing(3 days and 7 days),metakaolin re-placements increase the compressine strength ,but silica fume replacement slightly reduces the compressine strength.At the age of and after 28 days ,the compressive strength of the concrete with metakaolin and silica fume replace-ment increases.A strong reduction in the total porosity and average pore diameter were observed in the conctete with MK 20% and 10% in the first 7 days.     

装配式建筑中预制混凝土管柱的研究与展望

为了解HRB600级钢筋预制管高强混凝土柱的偏心受压力学性能,进行3根截面尺寸为600 mm×600 mm的HRB600级钢筋预制管高强混凝土柱大偏压试验.分析预制管混凝土强度、有无钢纤维等设计变化参数对HRB600级钢筋预制管高强混凝土柱大偏压性能的影响规律,并与HRB600级钢筋高强混凝土偏心受压柱进行比较.研究结果表明,HRB600级钢筋预制管高强混凝土柱的破坏特征、荷载-挠度曲线、钢筋应变发展规律与HRB600级钢筋高强混凝土柱基本一致;提高预制管混凝土强度可提高柱的承载力;加入钢纤维不仅可提高柱的承载力,还可改善延性;与现浇混凝土柱相比,光滑结合面的预制管混凝土柱整体工作性能稍差,前期刚度退化较快,承载力较低;对于HRB600级钢筋预制管高强混凝土柱,可采用叠加的方法计算其偏心受压承载力.

     

Effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash cementitious system

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash can be used as supplementary cementitious material for concrete production for its high pozzolanic activity. We investigated the effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash-Portland cement system （30： 70, by mass） including hydration products, paste microstructure, linear expansion ratio, chemically combined water content and compressive strength. The results show that tobermorite rather than ettringite is generated under the condition of autoclaved curing. The expansion and mortar strength of the system cured in water is higher than those cured in air at a given age, and the strength and bulk volume may retract under the condition of air curing. In addition, autoclaved curing facilitates the increase of strength gain at early curing ages （the increase rate lowers down in the following ages） and the improvement of system volume stability. It is suggested that sufficient water is necessary for the curing of CFBC ash cementitious system, and autoclaved curing may be considered where volume stability is a primary concern.     

热管在大体积混凝土结构温度控制中的应用研究

在数值计算的基础上，探索了一种很有希望的、新型的对大体积混凝土结构进行温度控制的方法，即应用热管将大体积混凝土结构中产生的水化热传递出去，有效地控制了由于水化热引起的混凝土内部的温度梯度，使其达到规范的要求，避免产生裂缝，以满足强度的需要。而且可以通过对热管间距及热管运行温度的控制以适应不同实际情况的需要；与常规的混凝土养护方法相比，能较大地节约能源与投资，经实验证实，该方法理论模型及计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

超高性能轻质混凝土的力学性能及微观结构

超高性能轻质混凝土(ultra-high performance lightweight concrete,UHPLC)是一种由高强水泥浆体、漂珠和纤维组成的密度低于1 950 kg/m~3的新型水泥基结构材料。本文研究了不同养护制度及养护龄期对UHPLC抗压强度、轴拉力学性能和弯曲性能的影响,最后利用扫描电镜观察了UHPLC中漂珠的微观形貌。结果表明:随着龄期增长,UHPLC的抗压强度、轴拉性能和弯曲性能均提高,并出现明显的应变强化现象,说明养护龄期对UHPLC基体强度和纤维-UHPLC基体的界面黏结强度均有显著提高作用;高温蒸汽养护3 d可促进UHPLC基体早期强度发展,使UHPLC的抗压强度和弯曲性能迅速达到标准养护28 d时的水平,显著缩短养护龄期,但对纤维-基体界面黏结强度的贡献不大,黏结强度仍主要受龄期影响;UHPLC实测密度为1 815.2 kg/m~3,100 mm立方体抗压强度达103.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度达7.60 MPa,极限拉应变达0.431%,出现明显的应变强化现象,弯曲峰值强度达22.43 MPa,满足了RPC160的抗折强度要求,实现了水泥基结构材料轻质高强的目标。     

超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥砂浆性能的影响

目的为配制一种新型有机复合超缓凝剂，研究不同掺量及养护条件下其缓凝效果和硬化机理．使之可有效地应用于大体积混凝土及缓黏接预应力混凝土工程中．方法利用XRD和SEM等微观手段，对掺入超缓凝剂水泥砂浆的缓凝性能进行了测试和表征．结果超缓凝剂在不同养护条件下，可使水泥水化“休眠”20～40d，“休眠”结束后能迅速水化而结构不发生变化．XRD图谱表明并未发现异常水化物产生；SEM图像表明，掺超缓凝剂的水泥硬化结构更加致密．结论在标准养护条件下，掺量0．035％的超缓凝剂可使水泥水化“休眠”34d，“休眠”结束后59d可达空白试件28d强度．随养护温度增加和超缓凝剂掺量的降低，水化“休眠”期降低．超缓凝剂并未使水化产物发生本质变化，其耐久性应是可靠的．     

Preparation and performance research of cement-based grouting materials with high early strength and expansion

Main performance of the cement grouting materials made up by Portland cement(PC) and sulphoaluminate cement(SAC) was investigated in this program, a kind of expanding agent(EA) which was mainly constituted by metakaolin and alunite was utilized for the compensation of the shrinkage, the hydration products and micro structure of the grouting materials were researched by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a high expansion rate of the grouting materials could be reached as the expanding agent mixed in 6% of PC mass; the addition of SAC in the S2(PC:SAC:EA=34:6:2.25) brought a further improvement of the expansion rate of the grouting materials, the analysis of XRD and SEM showed that due to the reaction of expanding agent and SAC in the grouting materials, more ettringite crystal was generated, which resulted in a higher early strength, the addition of SAC played an expansion and strength reinforcement role in the grouting materials.     

Magnetic susceptibility measurements on metakaolin admixtured cement hydrated with ground water and sea water

The role of metakaolin in the properties of Portland cement hydrated with ground water and sea water was described by magnetic susceptibility study. Cement pastes containing 0wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt% replacement of metakaolin and in a wa-ter/cement (W/C) ratio of 0.4 were prepared. The susceptibility at different hydration periods was determined by Faraday Curie bal-ance and it was related to the changes in setting time and compressive strength of admixtured cement. Compared with sea wa-ter-treated cement paste, the magnetic susceptibility of ground water-treated cement paste is higher in value. The observed result shows that, irrespective of water, the magnetic susceptibility increases with increasing metakaolin percentage replacement level in cement.     

减缩剂对水泥基材料早期水化及收缩变形性能的影响

采用非接触式电阻率测定仪和半绝热实验方法分别研究了减缩剂对常温和半绝热条件下的水泥浆体早期水化的电阻率和温升的影响,对比研究了减缩剂对水泥砂浆在干燥条件和常温水中养护时的线性长度变化与强度发展情况的影响,应用五路裂缝测定仪研究了减缩剂在水泥砂浆中的抗裂效果.结果表明:在常温条件下减缩剂会延缓水泥早期水化,而在半绝热条件下则会加速水泥早期水化;减缩剂主要提高干燥环境下的水泥砂浆的抗裂性能,降低其线性收缩值与强度增长,推迟其约束收缩初始开裂时间,而对水中养护的砂浆无补偿收缩效应,因此不利于控制热裂缝.分析表明,减缩剂在水泥基材料中应用时不仅具有物理作用,而且具有化学作用.     

Performances of Concrete under Elevated Curing Temperature

The behaviors of concrete at elevated curing temperature were studied. The test results show that when concrete is cured at elevated temperature , a harmful consequence occurs. The later strength decreases significantly compared to that under normal curing condition. Incorporating silica fume, fly ash and slag or lowering wl c ratio can effectively alleviate this harmful consequence. Comparatively, incorporation of silica fume is the most efficient means to decrease the later strength reduction. The harmful consequence is not caused by the difference in degree of hydration since the degree of hydration is similar between elevated curing temperature and normal curing conthion . The SEM analysis shows that it is the uneven distribution of hydration products caused by elevated curing temperature that leads to the later strength reduction of concrete.     

Characterization of surface hardness and microstructure of high performance concrete

The relationship between compressive strength obtained by universal testing machine and rebound value obtained by the hammer of high performance concrete was systematically investigated at the macro level. And a model of high performance concrete strength curve was established from them. At the micro level, the microstructure, hydration products and pore structure of concrete surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), comprehensive thermal analysis (TG-DSC) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), respectively. The effect of carbonation on surface strength was also investigated. The results showed that the concrete surface hardness layer grew rapidly at early stage and then stabilized at last with ongoing curing age; the rebound value and compressive strength of concrete with slag were higher than those of concrete with the same content of fly ash. In addition, the strength curve obtained by the least square method can satisfy the local standard requirements with an average relative error of 8.9% and a relative standard deviation of 11.3%. When the carbonation depth was 6 mm, the compressive strength calculated by national uniform strength curve was 25 PMa higher than that by high performance concrete.     

超塑化剂“CSP”对水泥水化及水泥石微观结构的影响

分别对掺与不掺超塑化剂“ＣＳＰ”的水泥试样进行测试分析，探讨了ＧＳＰ对水泥水化过程及水泥石微观结构的影响。传导量热法、结合水测定分析结果表明．ＣＳＰ使水泥水化的诱导期延长．对初期水化的抑制作用可延缓混凝土坍落度经时损失，而早期和后期水化加快，因此具有早强增器作用．ＴＧ—ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＭＩＰ等测试分析结果表明，ＣＳＰ使水泥石中凝胶农产物增多，有害孔减、无害孔增多，因而具有增强和提高混凝土耐久性的作用．     

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

1INTRODUCTION Hydrationshrinkageisalsoknownaschemicalshrinkage[1].Thesolidvolumeincreasesafterce menthydrating,buttheabsolutevolumeofcementwatersystemreduces.Usuallythetotalamountofvolumeshrinkageofcementwatersystemis7%9%[1,2].Withthedevelopmentofthetechno logyofcementandconcrete,concretewithhighstrengthandhighperformanceisthedevelopingtendencynow.However,nowadays,comparedwithordinaryconcrete,thehydrationshrinkageofhighperformancecementconcreteincreasesobvi ouslybecauseoftheaccelerationof…     

Properties and Acceleration Mechanism of Cement Mortar Added with Low Alkaline Liquid State Setting Accelerator

Low alkaline liquid state setting accelerator(LSA) for Portland cement was prepared in laboratory from aqueous solution of several inorganic sulfate salts and some organic chemical substances. Properties of cement with addition of LSA relating to its setting time and strength development as well as its resistance to sulfate attack for short and long term exposure were experimentally examined. The experimental results showed that 5%-7% addition of LSA significantly accelerated the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the presence or absence of the blending of mineral admixtures, the initial and final setting time being less than 3 min and 6 min respectively. Meanwhile, the early 1 day curing age compressive strength increased remarkably by 20%, while the late 28 th day curing age compressive strength remained almost unchanged as compared with that of the reference accelerator free cement mortar specimen. Furthermore, mortar specimens of cement added with LSA and exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution showed their excellent resistance to sulfate attack, with their short and long term curing age resistance coefficient to sulfate attack being around 1.04 to 1.17, all larger than 1.0. XRD analysis on hardened cement paste specimens at very early curing ages of several minutes disclosed the existence of more ettringite in specimens added with LSA than that of the reference specimens, meanwhile SEM observation also revealed the existence of well crystallized ettringite at very early hydration stage, suggesting that the accelerated setting of Portland cement can be attributed to the early and rapid formation of ettringite over the whole cement paste matrix due to the introduction of LSA. MIP measurement revealed that hardened cement paste specimens with the addition of LSA presented less medium diameter pores, more proportion of small pores and less proportion of large capillary pores, which is in a very good coincidence with the improvement of strength development of cement mortars added with LSA.     

偏高岭土高性能混凝土的轴压应力-应变关系

采用美国产MTS试验机,研究了掺偏高岭土(Melakaolin,MK)的混凝土轴压应力-应变关系．试验结果表明,随着MK掺量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度随之提高,特别是早期强度提高更为显著．弹性模量略有提高,但幅度明显小于强度提高值．混凝土的韧性得到改善．此外,MK对混凝土的流动性影响较小,且能显著改善粘聚性和保水性．因此,偏高岭土是一种优异的高强高性能混凝土掺合料．     

粉煤灰陶砂次轻混凝土的制备与性能

用碎石、粉煤灰陶砂和河砂作为混合集料配制不同细集料组成的次轻混凝土试样,研究它们的力学性能和热学性能。与普通混凝土相比,掺入少量粉煤灰陶砂（陶砂体积分数为25%）的次轻混凝土抗压强度得到提高,表现出较为理想的轻质高强特性。上述现象归功于混合细集料中大小颗粒搭配较好,陶砂的微泵内养护效应以及陶砂表面具有潜在活性物质参加火山灰反应,强化了陶砂与水泥石的界面强度,使掺入体积分数为25%陶砂的次轻混凝土在各龄期具有最高的强度。与普通混凝土相比,当次轻混凝土中陶砂体积分数为25%时,其导热系数可降低42%,即掺入适量陶砂可明显提高混凝土的保温隔热性能。