一种米粉面包的加工工艺研究

选取米粉为制作面包的主要原料。通过单因素试验分析不同的谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量、白砂糖的添加量、食盐的添加量、酵母的添加量以及黄油的添加量对米粉面包感官评分的影响。结果表明:谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量及黄油的添加量4个因素对米粉面包感官评分的影响比较明显。根据单因素得出的结果,以谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量及黄油的添加量4个因素通过正交试验优化米粉面包配方,结果表明:米粉面包的最优配方为谷朊粉添加量4%、单甘酯添加量0.3%、水添加量60%、黄油添加量8%。所得米粉面包与普通面包的品质非常接近,而且具有大米的营养。     

高水分组织化复合蛋白的挤压制备及品质特性研究

以大豆分离蛋白、谷朊粉和豌豆蛋白为原料,采用高水分挤压技术制备组织化蛋白产品,研究了挤压参数对产品品质特性的影响,分别优化出以大豆分离蛋白和豌豆蛋白为主料的两种产品的配方及挤压参数。结果表明,水分添加量对产品品质特性影响显著;螺杆转速在280r/min,挤压温度在160℃时制备的产品具有较好的质构特性和拉丝效果;当大豆分离蛋白添加量40%,谷朊粉添加量35%,豌豆蛋白添加量25%,水分添加量14.0kg/h时,制得的组织化蛋白产品表面光滑,成型性好,可作为鸡肉仿肉制品;当豌豆蛋白添加量45%,谷朊粉添加量35%,大豆分离蛋白添加量20%,水分添加量13.5kg/h时,制得的组织化蛋白产品拉丝状态明显,质构特性指标与牛肉相似。     

不同来源蛋白对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性的影响

以谷朊粉为主要原料,研究分别添加花生蛋白、豌豆蛋白、大豆分离蛋白对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性的影响。结果表明:花生蛋白、豌豆蛋白、大豆分离蛋白的添加对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性均有显著性影响。随着蛋白粉添加量的增大,产品色泽呈现不同程度降低,花生蛋白和豌豆蛋白降幅平缓,大豆分离蛋白下降迅速;添加适量的花生蛋白(10%~20%)可以改善产品感官品质和质构特性(硬度、咀嚼度略有下降);添加适量的豌豆蛋白(20%)、大豆分离蛋白(20%)均可提高产品质构特性。     

罐罐面品质特性的改良初探

以蔗糖酯、单甘酯、谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、葡萄糖氧化酶为添加荆,采用单因素及多因素研究方法对罐罐面进行有针对性的品质改良,并配制成复合型面粉品质改良荆,可以显著地改善面粉的加工特性及罐罐面品质.罐罐面品质改良复合添加剂的最佳配方为:蔗糖酯0.4%、单甘酯0.1%、谷朊粉7.5%、瓜尔豆胶0.4%、葡萄糖氧化酶40mg/kg,此时面条感官评价最高得分为93.2分.     

传统发酵馒头工艺及改良剂添加优化

该文以传统风味馒头为研究对象,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验探究传统风味馒头最佳工艺以及各因素对馒头质构的影响,同时探究谷朊粉、单甘酯、瓜尔豆胶3种品质改良剂对馒头品质的影响,并在品质改良剂最佳添加量的基础上进行保质期试验。结果表明,最佳工艺为加水量44%、加水温度34℃、压面次数14次、碱添加量1.0%（与酸面团质量比）。正交试验结果表明,影响馒头感官评分的因素大小排序为加水量>碱添加量>加水温度>压面次数;谷朊粉添加量为2%（与面粉质量比）、单甘酯添加量为1.2%（与面粉质量比）、瓜尔豆胶添加量为0.5%（与面粉质量比）时,馒头感官评分最高。瓜尔豆胶和单甘酯能够有效降低储存期间馒头硬化速率,谷朊粉在馒头储存的前18 h对其硬度变化有改善效果;单甘酯的添加在一定程度上抑制馒头在储存期间霉菌的生长,瓜尔豆胶和谷朊粉抑制霉菌生长能力较差。     

杂粮刀削面工艺配方的优化

以面粉为主要原料,添加一定比例高粱粉、绿豆粉、芸豆粉、黑米粉制作杂粮刀削面,并通过添加谷朊粉、单甘酯、魔芋胶改善其品质。对混合粉面团、杂粮刀削面进行粉质拉伸、质构特性等的测定及感官评定来研究杂粮刀削面综合品质,并通过正交试验确定最佳工艺配方。结果表明,杂粮刀削面最佳配比为杂粮粉24%、面粉76%,其它辅料与总粉质量比为水分43%、谷朊粉7.5%、魔芋胶0.3%和单甘酯0.2%。成品色泽深紫色、食用方便、感官性状良好。     

谷朊粉和小麦淀粉添加量对重组面团冻藏品质的影响

面团的冷冻保存品质无法满足鲜湿面条工业化生产的要求。为了研究面团主要组分（面筋蛋白和淀粉）对面团冷冻品质的影响,以高筋小麦面粉（50%）、谷朊粉和小麦淀粉（不同比例）为原料进行面团重组,-18℃冻藏20 d分析其水分分布、流变特性、糊化特性、凝胶强度、微观结构以及氢键强度,以100%原小麦面粉作为对照组。结果表明,随着谷朊粉:小麦淀粉比例从4:1减小至1:4,冷冻重组面团中的水分分布逐渐由结合水向自由水迁移,弹性模量从125900 Pa降低至73020 Pa;样品的各项糊化参数增大,凝胶硬度也由114.30 g增大到181.39 g。扫描电镜观察发现,谷朊粉:小麦淀粉比例越低越不利于面筋蛋白网络结构的均匀性。添加了谷朊粉和小麦淀粉后,重组面团中的氢键强度均大于对照组,且随着谷朊粉:小麦淀粉比例的减小不断增大。当谷朊粉:小麦淀粉为4:1时,冻藏20 d的重组面团的弹性模量值比对照组高49.95%,有效延缓了面团在冻藏过程中的品质劣变。将淀粉与面筋蛋白进行面团重组可以提高面团的黏弹性,进而有利于其冷冻保存品质。     

添加紫色马铃薯全粉的面条配方工艺研究

用紫色马铃薯全粉、高筋小麦粉、谷朊粉、水作为主要原料,通过单因素和响应面法试验对紫色马铃薯全粉面条的配方进行优化。结果表明,最佳配方为：高筋小麦粉100 g、紫色马铃薯全粉添加量25.6 g、谷朊粉添加量6.1 g、水添加量44.2 ml。在此工艺配方下加工制成的紫色马铃薯全粉面条口感劲道、光滑、不易断条。     

碱性蛋白酶水解小麦谷朊蛋白工艺研究

利用碱性蛋白酶水解小麦谷朊蛋白以提高溶解性,研究打浆时间、加碱量、水解度、加酶量对提高小麦谷朊蛋白溶解性影响。最佳水解条件为:打浆时间10 min,加碱量2.7 mL/(30 g小麦谷朊蛋白),水解度(DH)2.0%,加酶量1 350 U/(g小麦谷朊蛋白),所得产品的蛋白质含量75.1%,氮溶指数(NSI)95.5%。     

谷朊粉高水分挤压组织化工艺参数优化

以谷朊粉为原料,通过正交设计,使用双螺杆挤压机,研究谷朊粉高水分挤压组织化工艺。采用主成分分析方法,综合评价谷朊粉挤压组织化产品性状,优化谷朊粉挤压组织化工艺。结果表明:采用主成分分析法可进行谷朊粉挤压组织化产品质量的综合评价。挤压工艺参数对组织化产品综合得分影响的程度从大到小依次为:螺杆转速机筒温度喂料速率物料含水率。优化的谷朊粉挤压组织化工艺参数为:螺杆转速160 r/m in,物料含水率45%,喂料速率15 g/m in,机筒温度170℃。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the