利用工业废酸制备混凝剂试验研究

以钛白粉生产中的副产物硫酸亚铁和废硫酸为原料,在一定温度和压力下,经氧化、水解和聚合等过程制备混凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS),运用红外光谱法(IR)、X-射线衍射法(XRD)和透射电镜法(TEM)对制得的产品进行了表征。通过混凝实验考察了产品PFS对印染废水的处理效果,同时与市售PFS产品进行了对比,结果显示,自制PFS产品用于印染废水处理中,COD、色度和浊度均具有较高的去除效率,实现了废弃物资源化利用。     

工业废弃物制备聚合硫酸铁研究及最佳试验条件分析

以钛白粉生产中的副产物硫酸亚铁和废硫酸为原料,在一定压力和温度下,添加适量的催化剂和氧化剂,经氧化、水解和聚合过程制备无机絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁( PFS).利用单因素试验研究确定了反应温度、硫铁比、氧化剂加入量和氧化时间这4个因素的取值范围,进而运用正交试验确定了制备PFS的最佳工艺条件.通过混凝试验考察了产品PFS对印染废水的处理效果,同时与市售PFS产品进行了对比.结果显示,自制PFS产品用于印染废水处理中,COD、色度和浊度均具有较高的去除效率.     

固定化藻菌小球流化床光生物反应处理高浓度有机废水研究

在自制的流化床光生物反应器中加入固定化藻菌小球来处理高浓度有机废水。通过水泵调节液体流速,使固定化藻菌小球达到流态化,试验考察了废水浓度、光照强度、固定化藻菌小球浓度等因素对有机废水中COD、NH4^＋-N以及PO4^3- -P去除的影响,结果表明：在室温条件下,COD的去除率最高可达到79.2%,对NH4^＋-N和PO4^3- -P的去除也有较好的效果,最高去除率分别可达到80.1%和82.4%。     

褐煤提质废水絮凝预处理实验研究

通过聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)3种絮凝剂对褐煤提质废水混凝沉淀处理效果的比较,考察了3种絮凝剂的投加量对废水浊度、NH3-N、TP及COD的去除效果,并结合了絮体沉降性能,优选出混凝处理效果最好的PAFC作为处理褐煤提质废水的絮凝剂。并确定了该絮凝剂对褐煤提质废水混凝沉淀的工艺条件。结果表明:PAFC在投加量为250 mg/L,p H为3.5时,褐煤提质废水的COD去除率可达56.63%,浊度去除率为92.21%,30 min静沉比为19%。     

混凝-纳滤组合工艺处理印染整理废水

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂,比较了4种絮凝剂对印染整理废水中的COD和浊度的去除效果,通过正交实验确定了优化混凝条件;并进一步采用纳滤膜NF270对混凝上清液进行处理,纳滤浓缩液再经混凝-纳滤在处理。结果表明,混凝优化条件,pH为7,聚合氯化铝(PAC)、PAM投加量分别为400、1.6 mg/L,在此条件下,废水中COD去除效果最好,去除率达88%以上。混凝后的上清液经纳滤膜处理,出水COD为33 mg/L;纳滤浓缩液再经混凝-纳滤再处理后,出水COD可降至30 mg/L,出水水质均满足GB/T 19923-2005的工业用水回用要求。实际应用中可将纳滤浓缩液与原废水混合进行处理,实现废水零排放。     

木薯淀粉废水混凝预处理试验

在对木薯淀粉生产过程中产生的2种主要废水进行混凝试验的研究中,探讨了pH值、混凝剂的种类及混凝剂、助凝剂的投加量对混凝反应的影响.试验表明,2种废水混凝反应最佳pH值范围均为7.0～7.5.一次废水最佳混凝剂为聚铁(PFS),COD去除率约45%,剩余浊度仅为500度;二次废水最佳混凝剂为聚铝(PAC),COD去除率最高可达62%,剩余浊度仅为210度.混凝过程中的沉淀物含有大量的蛋白质和氨基酸,可回收做饲料添加剂.广西年排放淀粉废水约2000万m3,回收的沉淀物按1 000元/t计,每年可获得约3 200万元的产值.     

混凝沉淀-曝气生物滤池-纳米材料复合膜技术在印染废水回用处理中的应用

本文介绍了在某中试装置中采用混凝-曝气生物滤池-纳米材料复合膜工艺处理印染废水达到中水回用标准。研究结果表明：该工艺流程可有效地去除印染废水中的浊度、色度、COD和SS，系统出水CODMn低于10mg／L，浊度小于1NTU，色度低于5倍。该工艺采用混凝和曝气生物滤池作为预处理去除废水中大部分的COD、悬浮物，从而保证纳米材料复合膜系统进水要求。     

磁混凝-UV/O3深度处理诺氟沙星制药废水工艺研究

以某诺氟沙星制药企业生物处理单元出水为试验用水，探究磁混凝-UV/O₃工艺对制药废水深度处理的效果。磁混凝试验中，COD去除方面，聚合硫酸铝铁(PFS)絮凝效果明显优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS);COD、色度、浊度去除效果方面，阳离子聚丙酰胺(CPAM)助凝效果明显优于阴离子聚丙酰胺(APAM)及非离子聚丙酰胺(NPAM);48μm磁粉投加量为300 mg/L,PFS投加量为400 mg/L,CPAM投加量为6 mg/L，投加顺序为两段式磁粉+PFS—CPAM。在UV/O₃实验中，调整UV/O₃工艺：臭氧投加量为26 mg/min，初始pH为9，初始温度为20℃，氧化时间为60 min。经磁混凝-UV/O₃联合工艺处理后，出水COD小于30 mg/L，色度小于2倍，浊度低于1 NTU，满足当地《贾鲁河流域水污染物排放标准》(DB 41/908—2014)。     

利用含铁尘泥制备聚合硫酸铁实验

采用钢铁企业含铁尘泥为原料制备了聚合硫酸铁(PFS),并将制得的PFS用于高岭土模拟废水的处理中,考察了PFS投加量、废水p H对废水处理的影响。结果表明,当PFS投加量在40~60 mg/L时,去除浊度及COD效果明显;p H为6~7时浊度去除效果最佳。     

混凝过滤-超滤-膜系统深度处理酒精废水试验研究

采用混凝过滤-超滤-膜系统对酒精废水的二级生化出水进行了深度处理,探讨了混凝过滤-超滤预处理对COD、浊度的去除效果,考察了反渗透膜的脱盐性能及不同清洗方式对反渗透膜通量恢复的影响。结果表明,混凝过滤-超滤预处理对废水COD和浊度去除效果显著,其对应去除率达到40%和99%以上;膜系统产水浊度、硬度、总铁质量浓度分别小于0.1 NTU、0.03 mmol/L和0.3 mg/L,电导率处于60～120μS/cm之间;混凝过滤出水和反渗透产水分别满足循环冷却水补充用水和锅炉补充水要求,混凝过滤配合消毒处理费用0.71元/m3,混凝过滤-超滤-膜系统处理总成本2.94元/m3,整套工艺具有较好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。