抑制AlN微粉水化最佳热处理制度的研究

选用了3种不同粒径的AlN粉（d50分别为0.5μm、5μm和15μm）,通过TG分析和不同制度下的热处理以及测试其悬浊液的pH值变化,探讨了AlN粉的表面氧化热处理温度和保温时间对AlN水化性能的影响。结果表明：TG分析温度小于1000℃时,AlN的氧化增重均小于0.8%;当热处理温度为900℃、保温1h时,AlN的抗水化性能最好。     

不同烧结气氛下SiAlON结合刚玉材料的烧结行为和显微结构

以α-Al_2O_3微粉和Si_3N_4粉为主要原料,分别以Al粉、AlN粉、SiO_2微粉、Al粉 Ce_2O_3粉、Al粉 Si粉 Ce_2O_3粉作添加剂,在空气中裸烧(氧化气氛)和空气中埋炭(还原气氛)的条件下,分别进行1350℃、1450℃、1550℃、1600℃保温6h的热处理后,制备了SiAlON结合刚玉复相材料,并研究了烧结气氛、烧结温度和添加剂种类对试样烧结行为和显微结构的影响。结果表明添加稀土氧化物Ce_2O_3或少量SiO_2微粉能促进材料的烧结;在氧化气氛下,以SiO_2微粉为添加剂的试样的致密化程度随处理温度的升高而降低,而在埋炭还原气氛下,其致密化程度随温度的升高而提高;SEM观察还表明,含不同添加剂的试样在不同气氛中处理后的显微结构也不同。     

TiO_2对C-Al体系物相和显微结构的影响

为了研究TiO2对含Al的Al2O3-C材料的物相和显微结构的影响,按石墨、铝粉、二氧化钛粉的质量分数分别为20%、40%、40%配料,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,制成C-Al-TiO2试样,分别在800、1 000、1 200、1 400和1 600℃保温3 h埋炭热处理后,进行XRD和SEM分析。结果表明:800℃埋炭热处理后试样中有少量Al4C3和AlN生成,TiO2未参与反应;1 000℃热处理后,试样中纤维状的Al4C3和AlN生成量增加,同时生成粒状的Al2O3、Al4O4C、Al2OC和TiC;1 200℃热处理后,Al2O3和TiC增加,Al4C3和AlN纤维发育粗化;1 400℃热处理后,纤维状的Al4C3和AlN减少,生成的Al2O3和TiC增多;1 600℃热处理后,试样中Al4C3大量减少,AlN基本消失,颗粒状的Al2O3和TiC则增多,由Al4C3或AlN氧化生成的部分Al2O3呈无定形态。     

高氮/低氧混合气氛下热处理对氮化铝粉末抗水解性能的研究

研究了在高氮/低氧混合气氛下热处理对氧化铝粉体表面特性及粉体抗水解性能的影响。实验结果表明:经过600℃改性后的AlN粉末表面覆盖了氧化铝薄膜层结构,粉末在水中具有较好的稳定性,有效地抑制了AlN粉末与水的反应,阻碍了水向AlN粉末表面侵蚀的作用,提高AlN粉末在潮湿环境的抗水化能力,且热处理后粉末在水溶液中高剪切应力球磨过程中具有非常好的稳定性。     

埋炭热处理温度对低碳MgO-C材料相组成、显微结构与力学性能的影响

按电熔镁砂、天然鳞片石墨、沥青、Al粉、Si粉的质量分数分别为85.5%、8%、0.5%、4%、2%,外加质量分数4%热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂进行配料,经搅拌均匀后成型,分别在1 000、1 200和1 400℃保温3 h埋焦炭还原气氛下热处理,研究了热处理温度对试样物相组成、显微结构及强度的影响。结果表明:热处理温度为1 000℃时,试样中有长条状Al4C3和呈八面体状的MgAl2O4生成;1 200℃热处理后试样中有纤维状Al4C3、呈八面体状的MgAl2O4及呈片层板状的SiC生成;1 400℃热处理后试样中有针状AlN、纤维状Al4C3、呈八面体状的MgAl2O4及大量的SiC晶须生成,形成了良好的非氧化物结合,使试样具有更高的抗折强度和优异的抗热震性能。     

超微莫来石粉末制备新工艺

本文介绍了超微莫来石粉末制备新工艺。选用结晶氯化铝和正硅酸乙酯为原料，采用水解-沉淀工艺翻取凝胶，干燥后经1000℃煅烧获得粉末，其Al2O2／SiO2比与设定组成比偏差为-1％左右，杂质含量约0．1wt％。利用正交设计优化的工艺参数是：沉淀反应初期pH为3．0，快速沉淀反应时间为10min，回流陈化温度为70℃。粉末性能达判：粉末压缩比为5．29，BET当量球径为6nm，1600℃，4h烧结试样相对密度达99％以上。     

碳热还原氮化法制备碳氮化钛粉末

以物质的量比为1∶2.5的TiO_2粉和活性炭粉为原料,于N2气氛下采用碳热还原氮化法在不同的合成温度(分别为1500℃、1600℃、1650℃、1700℃、1750℃,N2压力固定为0.1MPa)和N2压力(分别为0.05MPa、0.1MPa、0.15MPa、0.2MPa,温度1700℃)下保温3h合成了碳氮化钛粉末。研究结果表明提高合成温度和降低N2压力有利于合成碳含量高的碳氮化钛粉末;在N2压力为0.1MPa的条件下,于1700℃保温3h热处理后,可以获得平均粒径为2μm的碳氮化钛粉末。     

气-固相反应制备超细氧化锡粉末研究

以五水合四氯化锡和碳酸氢铵为原料，用气-固相反应制备了纳米二氧化锡，并用X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对粉末进行了表征。气-固相反应制备纳米二氧化锡的最佳工艺为：五水合四氯化锡和碳酸氢铵的物质的量比为1：8，焙烧温度240℃，焙烧时间24h，热处理温度500℃，热处理时间0．5h。在最佳工艺条件下，二氧化锡的粒径约为5～10nm，产率达84．3％。     

催化湿式氧化法在苯酚废水预处理中的应用研究

与湿式空气氧化相比，催化湿式氧化可以在温和条件下达到较好的废水处理效果。考察了CuO/η－Al2O3和活性炭两种催化剂处理苯酚废水的催化效果，结果表明在温和条件下可以达到较高COD去除率：在140℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．2％和88．4％。在160℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．4％和90．1％。在140℃下，苯酚废水经过湿式空气氧化1h后，BOD5／CODcr仅仅达到0．08，不适合后续生物法处理；使用活性炭催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．18，而使用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．30，因此，用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂处理苯酚废水可以在较低温度下达到预处理效果。     

熔盐法合成α-Si3N4-AlN复合粉体及其抗水化性能

以Si粉、三聚氰胺(C₃H₆N₆)和AlN粉为原料，以NaCl-NaBr为熔盐介质，采用熔盐法(以盐、料质量比为2∶1)制备α-Si₃N₄-AlN复合粉体。研究了反应原料中AlN粉添加量(m(Si粉)∶m(C₃H₆N₆)∶m(AlN粉)分别为1∶2∶0、1∶2∶0.2、1∶2∶0.4、1∶2∶0.6和1∶2∶1)和反应温度(分别为1 100、1 150和1 200℃)对制备的α-Si₃N₄-AlN复合粉体物相组成、显微结构和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明：在Si粉、C₃H₆N₆、AlN粉质量比为1∶2∶0.6时，在1 200℃保温2 h后，Si粉被全部氮化为α-Si₃N₄,所得产物α-Si₃N₄-AlN复合粉的抗水化性能比...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.