Optogenetic fMRI for Brain-Wide Circuit Analysis of Sensory Processing

Sensory processing is a complex neurological process that receives, integrates, and responds to information from one’s own body and environment, which is closely related to survival as well as neurological disorders. Brain-wide networks of sensory processing are difficult to investigate due to their dynamic regulation by multiple brain circuits. Optogenetics, a neuromodulation technique that uses light-sensitive proteins, can be combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) to measure whole-brain activity. Since ofMRI has increasingly been used for investigating brain circuits underlying sensory processing for over a decade, we systematically reviewed recent ofMRI studies of sensory circuits and discussed the challenges of optogenetic fMRI in rodents.     

庆大霉素诱导急性肾损伤大鼠模型肾损伤分子-1的表达

目的探讨庆大霉素(Gentamycin,GM)诱导急性肾损伤大鼠模型肾损伤分子-1(Kidney injury molecule-1,KIM-1)的表达。方法建立GM诱导大鼠急性肾损伤模型;检测各组大鼠血、尿各项生化指标;取大鼠肾组织,进行病理组织学观察;ELISA法检测各组大鼠尿液中KIM-1的分泌;RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠肾组织KIM-1mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学SP法检测各组大鼠肾组织KIM-1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血、尿各项生化指标及病理组织学观察均出现不同程度的病变;ELISA检测显示,大鼠尿液中KIM-1的含量显著增高(P<0.05);RT-PCR检测显示,肾组织KIM-1mRNA表达上调(P<0.05),且呈时间依赖性;免疫组化法检测显示,KIM-1表达量随肾损伤加重而显著升高,且呈时间依赖性。结论 KIM-1具有良好的敏感性和特异性,可作为GM所致肾小管损伤的早期诊断标志物。