概率逻辑、不确定逻辑和模糊逻辑之比较

通过一个实例分析比较了概率逻辑、主观概率逻辑、不确定逻辑和模糊逻辑的思想方法。提出了自己的观点：基于数据统计的概率逻辑是最科学的。不确定逻辑比主观概率逻辑更科学。当具有不确定性的原子命题具有独立性时,不确定逻辑和模糊逻辑的观点是一致的。而对于处理带有不确定性的相关性命题,不确定逻辑比模糊逻辑更科学。但是模糊逻辑在建立推理理论方面见长。     

逻辑函数的双逻辑综合与优化

针对传统布尔逻辑在电路面积优化中存在的不足,提出了一种用传统布尔逻辑和Reed-Muller(RM)逻辑相结合的双逻辑优化算法.通过将原逻辑函数的乘积项转化为不相交乘积项,并利用不相交乘积项的位操作,将逻辑函数的覆盖分成2个部分,使之分别适合布尔逻辑综合和RM逻辑综合;同时提出了适合双逻辑函数的逻辑功能验证方法.双逻辑优化算法用C语言编程实现并用MCNC标准电路进行测试.实验结果表明,与单一的布尔逻辑综合结果相比,在绝大多数情况下文中算法可使电路面积获得进一步优化.     

概率逻辑关系柔性化的研究

结合概率和逻辑的优点,近年来人工智能研究人员提出了多种概率逻辑来解决不确定性问题,但是仍然存在着逻辑关系刚性化的问题。在泛逻辑学的框架内,分析了概率逻辑的局限,根据泛逻辑学的生成器,探讨了概率逻辑关系柔性化的问题。     

Emitter-coupled spin-transistor logic

The recent invention of magnetoresistive bipolar spin-transistors makes possible the creation of new spintronic logic families. Here we propose the first logic family exploiting these devices, extending emitter-coupled logic (ECL) to achieve a greater range of basis logic functions. By placing the wire from the output stage of ECL logic elements near spin-transistors in other logic stages throughout the circuit, additional basis logic elements can be realized. These new logic elements support greater logic minimization, resulting in enhanced speed, area, and power characteristics. A novel magnetic shielding structure provides this logic family with the crucial ability to cascade logic stages. This logic family potentially achieves a power-delay product 10–25 times smaller than conventional ECL, and can therefore be exploited to increase the performance of very high-speed logic circuits while broadening the range of design choices for a variety of electronic applications.     

灰云逻辑及其智能决策支持系统

针对经典的数理逻辑不能满足智能决策决策支持系统对逻辑柔性化的要求,在分析各种经典和非经典逻辑的基础上,指出了智能决策决策支持系统的逻辑柔性化的发展趋势,并给出了一种基于灰云模型的具体的柔性逻辑——灰云逻辑。首先分析了智能决策支持系统对逻辑柔性化的需求,然后给出了灰云逻辑及基于灰云逻辑的智能决策支持系统,给出了灰云逻辑的具体表示形式,并给出了基于灰云逻辑的具体的知识推理方法。最后,给出了基于灰云逻辑的智能决策支持系统框架和原理。其研究特点在于明确了智能决策决策支持系统的逻辑柔性化的发展方向,并给出了一种表示信息不完全性和随机性的具体的柔性逻辑推理方法。     

三层体系架构下的流程技术研究

为了解决流程控制和业务逻辑的耦合问题,文中提出了一种新的设计思路,将流程逻辑从业务逻辑中剥离出来,形成相互分离的流程逻辑层和业务逻辑层,改变了传统三层体系结构的逻辑关系,能够快速构建应用系统,快速适应流程变化。对于流程的改变,只需修改流程逻辑而不涉及到业务逻辑的改动。开发人员只专注于业务功能的开发,这种模式能够开发出开放的、清晰的、松散耦合的、灵活敏捷的应用系统。     

多输入多输出单边逻辑函数补集算法的研究

介绍一种多输入多输出单边逻辑函数补集算法,该算法通过对多输入多输出逻辑函数的分离,形成多输入单输出的分支逻辑函数,对多输入单输出分支逻辑函数求出其特征矩阵和状态矢量,根据特征矩阵的特性进行最小列覆盖的选取形成多输入单输出分支逻辑函数补集覆盖的特征矩阵、状态矢量和补集矩阵,最后对多输入单输出分支逻辑函数的补集矩阵进行合并形成多输入多输出逻辑函数的补集,通过测试结果表明性能良好.     

Computable Kripke Models and Intermediate Logics

We introduce effectiveness considerations into model theory of intuitionistic logic. We investigate effectiveness of completeness (by Kripke) results for intermediate logics such as intuitionistic logic, classical logic, constant domain logic, directed frames logic, and Dummett's logic.     

Reasoning about ignorance and contradiction: many-valued logics versus epistemic logic

This paper tries to reinterpret three- and four-valued logics of partial ignorance and contradiction in the light of epistemic logic. First, we try to cast Kleene three-valued logic in the setting of a simplified form of epistemic logic. It is a two-tiered logic that embeds propositional logic into another propositional setting. The use of modalities enables Kleene truth values to be expressed at the syntactic level. Kleene logic is then a fragment of the simplified epistemic logic where modalities are in front of literals only. Kleene truth-tables can then be retrieved, while preserving tautologies of classical logic. Kleene logic connectives can be seen as set-valued extensions of Boolean logic ones, but the compositionality of Kleene logic leads to a lack of expressiveness and inferential power compared to the proposed epistemic logic. This methodology is then extended to Belnap four-valued logic, which is tailored to the handling of inconsistent information from various sources. A non-regular modal setting for reasoning about contradiction is obtained, where the adjunction law does not hold. It is a special case of a fragment of the monotonic modal logic EMN.     

逻辑系统H_t中三-I算法的另一种证明

在讨论Ht代数的一些性质的基础上,得到系统Ht中的三I算法的另一种证明。指出多值逻辑系统Ht中的三I算法是P还原算法,并解决了Ht中的FMT问题。在多值逻辑系统Ht中,若令t=1,则得到多值逻辑系统W。所以多值逻辑系统Ht中的结论在t=1的情况下就是多值逻辑系统W中的结论。     

基于泛逻辑学的逻辑关系柔性化研究

建立柔性逻辑体系,既是现实世界复杂问题求解的需要,也是逻辑学发展的一种必然趋势.泛逻辑学是何华灿在探索复杂世界逻辑规律中建立起来的一个柔性逻辑体系.在分析其实现逻辑关系柔性化的思想和方法的基础上,探讨了概率逻辑关系柔性化的问题.理论上,概率逻辑是泛逻辑学的一个特例,因此应该能够在泛逻辑学框架内建立起柔性的概率逻辑体系.     

Multiple-valued CCD circuits

The benefits and current state of the art of charge-coupled-device logic are examined. The fundamentals of CCD logic operations and basic CCD configurations are presented. Programmable logic arrays are considered. The logic design of CCD multivalued logic and its applications are discussed     

A graph representation for management of logic models

This paper addresses the problem of managing logic models, which are characterized as formal representations, in logic, of particular systems of interest. The paper presents a new, graph-based representation scheme for logic models. The scheme produces logic graphs and these graphs are useful for management of logic models. Logic graphs not only provide the full deductive capabilities of logic, but they facilitate the gaining of insight into the structure of the logic model. As such, logic graphs are an attractive alternative to other automatic theorem-proving techniques in logic. The discussion is illustrated throughout with an example problem in policy analysis and planning that has appeared in the management literature.     

General default logic

In this paper, we propose a new nonmonotonic logic called general default logic. On the one hand, it generalizes Reiter’s default logic by adding to it rule-like operators used in logic programming. On the other hand, it extends logic programming by allowing arbitrary propositional formulas. We show that with this new logic, one can formalize naturally rule constraints, generalized closed world assumptions, and conditional defaults. We show that under a notion of strong equivalence, sentences of this new logic can be converted to a normal form. We also investigate the computational complexity of various reasoning tasks in the logic, and relate it to some other nonmonotonic formalisms such as Lin and Shoham’s logic of GK and Moore’s autoepistemic logic.     

Fuzzy Logic: Misconceptions and Clarifications

Some commonly accepted statements concerning the basic fuzzy logicproposed by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965, have led to suggestions that fuzzy logicis not a logic in the same sense as classical bivalent logic. Thoseconsidered herein are: fuzzy logic generates results that contradictclassical logic, fuzzy logic collapses to classical logic, there can be no prooftheory for fuzzy logic, fuzzy logic is inconsistent, fuzzy logic producesresults that no human can accept, fuzzy logic is not proof-theoreticcomplete, fuzzy logic is too complex for practical use, and, finally, fuzzylogic is not needed. It is either proved or argued herein that all of the thesestatements are false and are, hence, misconceptions. A fuzzy logic withtruth values specified as subintervals of the real unit interval [0.0, 1.0] isintroduced. Proofs of the correctness, consistency, and proof theoreticcompleteness of the truth interval fuzzy logic are either summarized orcited. It is concluded that fuzzy logics deserve the accolade of logic tothe same degree that the term applies to classical logics.     

四值非线性格值逻辑上公式的真度理论

王国俊教授在多值逻辑系统中提出了公式的真度等概念并初步建立了计量逻辑学理论,但其研究的多值命题逻辑是线性赋值格结构。在四值非线性格值逻辑系统上提出推广的真度,得到了一些平行的相关结果,说明计量逻辑学在非线性格值逻辑系统上有一定的可行性。     

多级逻辑综合及逻辑图自动生成

本文重点讨论多级逻辑综合,连线表自动生成并绘出逻辑图。文中阐述了多级逻辑综合算法及逻辑图自动生成的布局、布线算法,给出了主要框图和连线表的生成方法,以及由网表转换为逻辑线路描述语言的接口程序框图,还介绍了在X-Window环境下根据网表直接生成逻辑图的实现方法。     

概率逻辑的研究

在人工智能科学中,不确定推理扮演着一个非常重要的角色,而其表示方法也很多,文中要讨论的概率逻辑便是其中之一,它是以逻辑表示为基础进行概率推理。首先,从知识表示和概率定义两个不同的角度系统地介绍了概率逻辑的产生及其发展,然后总结了它的一些基本概念,在此基础上给出了求得一致可能世界的一种逻辑系统,为概率逻辑的发展起到推动作用。最后将概率逻辑同与之容易混淆的模糊逻辑加以区分,且提出了概率逻辑的价值及其展望。     

一种关于Agent的模糊认知逻辑

由于经典逻辑不能表示模糊事实,而且Agent也不能利用经典逻辑的方法从模糊事实里获取知识,为了克服经典逻辑方面的不足,提出了一种关于Agent的模糊认知逻辑.首先,介绍了模糊认知逻辑和规则,该方法用数字来表示模糊事实,用模糊逻辑来获取知识.其次,引入了一种反向推理逻辑,利用该方法研究了条件和结论的相关性.最后,主要介绍Agent采用模糊认知逻辑获取知识的过程.