固体超强酸催化大豆油和大豆油脂肪酸酯化与酯交换制备单甘酯的研究

采用固体超强酸催化大豆油和大豆油脂肪酸与甘油酯化和酯交换制备单甘酯,通过二级分子蒸馏纯化单甘酯。通过响应面优化得到的最佳条件为：大豆油30.0 g,大豆油脂肪酸20.0 g,反应温度200℃,固体超强酸催化剂添加量0.26%（占大豆油和大豆油脂肪酸质量）,甘油添加量12.66 g和反应时间4.81 h。在最佳条件下,反应得到的甘油酯混合物中,单甘酯含量达到69.82%。甘油酯混合物在Ⅰ级135℃分子蒸馏除去游离脂肪酸和甘油,在Ⅱ级185℃分子蒸馏蒸出单甘酯,得到产品中单甘酯含量为96.54%。     

K2CO3/Al2O3催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯的研究

利用K2CO3/Al2O3固体碱催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯.在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验对单甘酯制备条件进行优化,得到最优条件为:反应温度210℃,反应时间1.5h,催化剂添加量0.8％(占大豆油质量),大豆油与甘油物质的量比1∶3.在最优条件下,单甘酯含量达到58.26％.经过两级分子蒸馏,单甘酯含量高达95.69％,回收率为90.8％.     

单甘酯与缩水甘油反应制备高纯度低聚甘油脂肪酸酯的研究

本文对单甘酯与缩水甘油反应制备高纯度低聚甘油脂肪酸酯进行研究,分别探讨催化剂及其用量、反应温度、反应时间、底物摩尔比值对低聚甘油酯产率的影响。通过单因素试验对各参数进行优化,在以苯磺酸作为催化剂、添加量1.5wt%、反应温度110℃、反应时间2h、底物摩尔比值(缩水甘油∶单甘酯)2.5∶1的最优条件下,低聚甘油酯产率为62.59%,经分子蒸馏进一步纯化获得高纯度的低聚甘油酯产品(91.45%),且以低聚甘油单酯为主要成分。     

相转移剂存在下大豆油脂肪酸单甘脂的合成

以大豆油和甘油为原料,研究了碱催化下大豆油甘油解生成脂肪酸单甘脂的合成反应。同时,利用单因素试验对影响单甘脂质量分数的几种重要因素(如反应温度、催化剂、相转移剂、碱用量、反应时间、反应物料物质的量比)进行讨论,通过正交试验,确定了制备大豆油脂肪酸单甘酯的最佳工艺条件:甘油与大豆油物质的量比为2.5∶1,0.4%的NaOH为催化剂,辅以0.4%的四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,于反应温度200℃下反应时间3 h,得到单甘酯的质量分数为62.6%,为单甘脂的合成提供了一种改进的方法。     

两步酶法合成MLM型结构脂质中醇解反应研究

为获得纯度较高的2-单甘酯来制备MLM型结构脂质,以菜籽油和无水乙醇为底物,用来自Thermomyceslanuginosa固定化脂肪酶TL IM作为催化酶来制备2-单甘酯。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计,获得醇解反应的最佳工艺条件:菜籽油/无水乙醇(底物)物质的量比1:5,Lipozyme TL IM酶加入量为7%(以底物质量计)、反应温度35℃、反应时间18h,总单甘酯含量为38.82%。经三级分子蒸馏纯化后,总单甘酯的纯度可以达到90.76%。     

牛油通过酶催化的甘油解反应得到高产率的单甘酯

单甘酯是一种重要的乳化剂,广泛用于食品、化妆品及药品等方面。商品单甘酯一般是用天燃油脂与甘油在催化剂作用下220℃以上进行甘油解反应制取的,通常单甘酯(MG)收率只有40％,由于高温反应产生色泽深和有异味的副产物,因此需要通过分子蒸馏提纯。而用脂酶为催化剂,可以在较低温度下进行甘油解,获得高产率(70％)、优质的单甘酯(MG),并且能量消耗最少。     

MLM型结构脂的酶法合成及其理化性质分析

以醇解反应制得单甘酯和辛酸为底物,1,3-特异性固定化脂肪酶为催化用酶,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验获得酯化反应制备MLM型结构脂质的最适条件：Lipozyme RM IM酶加入量9%(以底物质量计)、反应时间14h、反应温度40℃、单甘酯与辛酸(底物)物质的量比1:6;该条件下辛酸插入率达60.48%,其中92.84%的辛酸分布在甘油结构的1,3位上。经二级分子蒸馏纯化后得到的MLM型结构脂质,辛酸插入率达到73.34%;对其进行理化指标检测分析表明,该产品最低可达国家四级菜籽油的标准。     

分子蒸馏单甘酯的近况与发展(二)

３分子蒸馏单甘酯的生产工艺３．１工艺方法分子蒸馏单甘酯的生产工艺包括单甘酯合成、采用分子蒸馏技术分离出纯单甘酯及产品喷雾冷凝包装３个部分。单甘酯合成工艺主要采用酯化和醇解两种工艺。经过合成单甘酯工艺得到中间产品实际上是单脂肪酸甘油酯、二脂肪酸甘油酯、...     

无溶剂体系磷脂酶Lecitase~ Ultra催化棕榈油甘油解制备甘油二酯研究

采用磷脂酶LecitaseUltra在无溶剂体系中催化棕榈油甘油解反应制备甘油二酯(DAG)。采用单因素试验研究了DAG的酶促甘油解反应条件,通过分子蒸馏对DAG进行纯化,并采用GC-MS测定了其脂肪酸组成。结果表明,最佳甘油解工艺参数为:甘油与棕榈油摩尔比7.5∶1,反应温度40℃,初始水分含量4%(占底物总质量),加酶量2%(占底物总质量),反应时间8 h;在最佳条件下,产品中DAG含量为59.2%。经两级分子蒸馏,DAG含量可达88.1%。其中,1,3-DAG含量为1,2-DAG的1.6倍。同原料棕榈油相比,DAG中的饱和脂肪酸得到了显著富集。     

脂肪酶催化大豆色拉油甘油解合成单甘酯

研究了间歇反应条件下脂肪酶催化大豆色拉油甘油解制备单甘酯的过程,对三种商业酶和自制固定化脂肪酶进行了筛选,并对影响甘油解过程的溶剂效应和酶量因素进行了研究。采用了响应面分析方法对甘油解反应进行优化,以单甘酯百分含量为响应值,对底物摩尔比、初始含水量、温度这三个因素的重要性做了适当评价,并给出了拟和良好、回归显著、可靠性较好的经验性模型方程。优化条件为:反应温度46℃,初始水质量分数4%(相对于大豆色拉油),底物甘油与豆油摩尔比为3.7∶1,固定化酶用量质量分数5%(相对于大豆色拉油),反应时间30h,单甘酯最高转化率为74.04%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press