基于辐射探测系统的核部件储存库房安全监控系统脆弱性研究

核部件储存库房安全监控是核裁军监控链的重要组成部分,为进一步提高核部件储存库房的安全性、可靠性,本文结合脆弱性研究最新进展,发展并给出了库房安全监控系统脆弱性的概念,并基于辐射探测系统开展了库房安全监控系统脆弱性影响因素、量化评估分析方法研究。研究结果表明,核部件储存库房安全监控系统脆弱性影响因素较多,脆弱性较大,亟需进一步研究以确保核裁军监控链高度安全可靠可控有效。     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

核部件轴对称性判定实验研究

对称属性是武器用核部件的一个重要属性,如何判定密封容器罐内核部件具有约定的对称性是一项非常重要的工作.针对对称属性中的一种特殊情况——轴对称性,开展了实验研究,研究发现:容器罐外γ辐射场分布能够很好地反映容器罐内核部件放置是否偏心及核部件的轴对称性,偏心距离控制在核部件半径10％以内不会影响到核部件轴对称性的判断.     

秦山核电厂核空气净化系统试验与运行

本文介绍了秦山核电厂核空气净化系统的设置,系统功能及运行方式,净化部件的性能参数。文章着重叙述安装工作完成后所进行的现场试验的项目、目的、方法和评价标准。已完成的现场试验证实,秦山核电站核空气净化系统将是可靠高效率的,文章最后介绍了运行管理的要点,指出强化运行管理是核空气净化系统能否发挥预定功能的关键。目前,秦山核电站正向满功率进军,核空气净化系统运行正常,满足了秦山核电厂安全运行的要求。     

一体化总中子探测仪的研制

研制的一体化总中子探测仪将电子学部件小型化并集成于探测器顶部,与探测器组成一体,达到了体积小、移动方便的目的;用能转动方向的LED实时显示测量结果,通过计算机进行数据处理和报警显示;探头部分设计为具有一定的探测方向性。该探测仪可用于核视察及在车间、仓库进行长期监测,也可用于寻找在设备或核废物中能发射中子的核材料。仪器对前方相距10cm处的252Cf中子源的探测效率为0.92%。经过长期试用考验,总中子探测仪稳定可靠。     

核部件缓发γ能谱时间演化行为模拟

在分析无外中子源照射条件下核部件中裂变产物的来源及其释放缓发γ射线机理基础上,提出了应用CINDER90程序计算核部件中裂变产物活度的方法,计算并分析了裂变产物的种类、活度及其随辐照时间和冷却时间的变化规律,继而根据裂变产物β~-衰变释放的特征γ射线的能量与分支比数据,计算得到了核部件中裂变产物缓发γ射线源项,并应用蒙特卡罗方法计算了核部件释放的缓发γ能谱随辐照时间和冷却时间的变化,分析了缓发γ能谱的时间演化行为。结果表明:核部件缓发γ能谱中强度最大的γ射线是裂变核素~(140)Laβ~-衰变发射的1 596 keV射线,且该γ射线的强度在部件组装一定时间后保持稳定,该结果与文献结果符合一致。本文提出的裂变产物缓发γ能谱模拟计算方法和结果可为核部件γ能谱的测量与分析提供参考。     

核部件缓发γ能谱时间演化行为模拟

在分析无外中子源照射条件下核部件中裂变产物的来源及其释放缓发γ射线机理基础上,提出了应用CINDER90程序计算核部件中裂变产物活度的方法,计算并分析了裂变产物的种类、活度及其随辐照时间和冷却时间的变化规律,继而根据裂变产物β^-衰变释放的特征γ射线的能量与分支比数据,计算得到了核部件中裂变产物缓发γ射线源项,并应用蒙特卡罗方法计算了核部件释放的缓发γ能谱随辐照时间和冷却时间的变化,分析了缓发γ能谱的时间演化行为。结果表明：核部件缓发γ能谱中强度最大的γ射线是裂变核素¹⁴⁰La β^-衰变发射的1 596 keV射线,且该γ射线的强度在部件组装一定时间后保持稳定,该结果与文献结果符合一致。本文提出的裂变产物缓发γ能谱模拟计算方法和结果可为核部件γ能谱的测量与分析提供参考。     

MC法模拟核部件自发裂变中子活化瞬发γ能谱

在分析中子活化瞬发γ产生机理及瞬发γ射线强度计算方法基础上,提出了应用MCNP程序计算模拟核部件自发裂变中子活化放出瞬发γ能谱的直接模拟与分步模拟方法,对两种方法的计算结果及特点进行了比较分析。计算了模拟核部件核材料自发衰变产生的γ能谱,并与瞬发γ能谱进行了比较分析。本文结果可为核部件认证技术研究提供参考。     

美国核管会批准两台核电机组提升功率

正【欧洲核学会核新闻网(NucNet)2014年8月26日报道】美国核管会近期批准了爱克斯龙电力公司(Exelon)提交的关于提升两台在运机组功率的申请,准许将桃花谷2号和3号机组的输出功率均提升12.4%。核管会已经确定,通过升级部分电厂系统和部件,爱克斯龙能够安全地提升这两台机组的输出功率。     

波兰向芬兰出售扎尔诺威埃克核电站主要核部件

【欧洲核学会《核新闻网》1994年10月18日报道】原来为波兰未建成的扎尔诺威埃克核电站制造的主要核部件,已于1994年10月运往芬兰作为备用部件和研究使用。     

核电厂中基于非安全级DCS设备控制设计

介绍了核电厂中基于非安全级DCS的通风控制室系统中设备控制逻辑实施情况。从中总结相关的经验,提出对于核电厂中基于非安全级DCS设备控制设计的一些想法,包括设备控制逻辑的完整性、标准化/模块化设计等方面内容,并建立与DCS厂家互动反馈机制。     

秦山核电厂设备冷却水系统流量分配试验

本文介绍了秦山核电厂设备冷却水系统流量分配试验。叙述了试验目的、试验条件、试验内容及其方法。提供了系统多种运行工况下的试验数据。试验结果表明,系统能正常运行,满足电站运行要求。     

Development of components for the gas-cooled fast breeder reactor program

The gas-cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFR) component development program is based on an extension of high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) component technology; therefore, the GCFR development program is addressed primarily to components which differ in design and requirements from HTGR components. The principal differences in primary system components are due to the increase in helium coolant pressure level, which benefits system size and efficiency in the GCFR, and differences in the reactor internals and fuel handling systems due to the use of the compact metal-clad core.The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the principal component design differences between the GCFR and HTGR and the consequent influences of these differences on GCFR component development programs. Development program plans are discussed and include those for the prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV), the main helium circulator and its supporting systems, the steam generators, the reactor thermal shielding, and the fuel handling system. Facility requirements to support these development programs are also discussed. Studies to date show that GCFR component development continues to appear to be incremental in nature, and the required tests are adaptations of related HTGR test programs.     

启明星Ⅱ号安全控制部件的实验验证

启明星Ⅱ号零功率装置（启明星Ⅱ号）所设计的安全控制部件有安全棒和调节棒,这些控制部件是反应堆安全运行的关键。本文采用逆动态反应性计测量的方法对所选定的控制部件的反应性价值进行了实验测量,并与理论计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,安全控制部件的反应性价值的实验测量结果与理论计算结果的相对偏差为4.46%,二者吻合较好。安全棒系统经力学分析评定,结果表明不会出现卡棒现象,能实现快速停闭反应堆的目的。安全棒系统、调节棒系统的机械性能经堆上反复实验验证,各系统性能稳定可靠,重复性好。     

Laser ablation in a model two-phase system

Short pulse laser ablation of a model two-component system has been simulated using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) model. A system with two disparate components (hard and soft) has been considered, based broadly on the properties of hard tissue. The existence of distinct regimes of material ejection has been identified and the processes leading to the ablation have been investigated. In the lower fluence regime gaseous particles of the soft component stream from the hard matrix but there is no ejection of the hard component. In the higher fluence regime chunks of the hard component are ejected simultaneously with the soft component.     

System complexity measure in the aspect of operational difficulty

The complexity of a system arises not only due to the number of components and the characteristics of each component, but also to the types of interconnections between the components. A method of measuring this structural complexity is suggested as reflected in system operational difficulty using an information theoretic approach. This method, the functional entropy measure, can denote the structural complexity induced from the interconnections between components. An equation for calculating the diagnostic entropy without introducing any approximation is derived. The role of monitoring instruments is also studied, and the results show that the monitoring of a system not only can reduce, but also can increase the entropy of the system. To know the true condition of a monitored system with far greater confidence than if it remains unmonitored, the monitoring instrument must be much more reliable than the monitored component     

BEPCII控制系统前端VME系统研究

介绍了前端VME系统的组成和控制计算机及相关I／O设备控制技术的研究。针对Motorola公司的PowerPC750系列控制计算机MVME5100的实时操作系统VxWorks和板机支持包BSP的调试过程中存在的问题,提出了切实可行的解决方案。在北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程中,解决了BEPCII前端控制计算机的关键问题,对今后BEPCII控制系统和束测系统前端控制奠定了基础。     

Multistate reliability analysis

The binary AND and OR operators are generalized to multistate systems with multistate components, by developing multistate operators which obey the Commutative and the Associative laws. In systems with such operators, components can be rearranged internally in any arbitrary way without affecting the mapping of the component states onto the state of the system. In addittion, all components, all subsystems and the system itself have the same set of states. Such systems are called homogeneous. Operators of homogeneous systems can be described by either their truth table or by the ranking of their states in order of relative dominance. If a homogeneous system is also coherent, then the mapping of the component states onto the system state, and the calculation of the probabilities of system states from those of the component states, become very simple. The sets of operators for 3-state and 4-state homogeneous coherent systems are given. In an example, the Auxiliary Feedwater System of a nuclear power plant is modeled as a homogeneous coherent multistate system composed of homogeneous coherent multistate subsystems, and its reliability is calculated.     

大亚湾核电厂辅助给水系统RCC-M2级疏水管道的改进

大亚湾核电厂辅助给水系统的疏水管道属RCC-M2级设备,因该设备在高温和高压差下导致疏水器和隔离阀处经常发生闪蒸和冲刷,致使其密封面损坏而发生疏水故障。为避免对系统产生影响,核电厂借鉴同类型机组的改进经验,通过增加备用隔离阀解决该问题。改进的管道依据RCC-M进行力学分析。