采用混合智能方法评估球墨铸铁摩擦焊接接头的抗拉强度(英文)

采用混合智能方法评价球墨铸铁的最佳摩擦焊接工艺参数。在自动循环中使用支持向量回归(SVR)、遗传算法(GA)和帝国竞争算法(ICA)优化焊接工艺参数。该方法被用来确定焊接工艺参数,得到了理想的球墨铸铁摩擦焊接抗拉强度。在加热力40kN,加热时间300s,顶锻压力10.12kN条件下,使用SVR加上GA方法得到了最高抗拉强度为256.93MPa。将摩擦焊接样品进行拉伸强度测试,并比较了采用混合智能方法得到的优化值与实验结果。结果表明,混合智能方法可以使ZT14型摩擦焊机拉伸强度从211MPa增加到258MPa。     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Residual Stresses in the Circumferential Butt GTAW of Incoloy 800H Pipes

The residual stresses developed during the circumferential butt gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process of Incoloy 800H pipes were simulated using the finite element method. A decoupled thermostructural model was developed in three dimensions. The element birth and death technique was used for the addition of filler material in the weld pool. The Goldak double ellipsoidal model was used to simulate the distribution of arc heat during welding. The plastic behavior of the material was described by Von Mises yield function and the bilinear kinematics hardening was assumed. To validate the thermostructural model, both temperature and residual stress distributions within the pipes were measured using thermocouples and strain gages, respectively. Good agreements were found between the experimental and simulation results. The model was then used to predict distribution of residual stresses during the GTAW of Incoloy 800H pipes and to study effects of process parameters on the residual stresses.     

Optimizing friction stir welding parameters to maximize tensile strength of AA2219 aluminum alloy joints

AA2219 aluminium alloy (Al-Cu-Mn alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. In contrast to the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force etc., and the tool pin profile play a major role in determining the joint strength. An attempt has been made here to develop a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy by incorporating FSW process parameters. A central composite design with four factors and five levels has been used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. The response surface method (RSM) has been used to develop the model. The developed mathematical model has been optimized using the Hooke and Jeeves search technique to maximize the tensile strength of the friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy joints.     

响应面方法在奥氏体不锈钢与铜合金异种材料摩擦焊接头的抗拉强度最大化和界面硬度最小化中的应用

在奥氏体不锈钢与铜合金异种材料摩擦焊接过程中,采用响应面方法优化摩擦焊接工艺参数,以获得抗拉强度最大和界面硬度最小的焊接接头。采用三因素、五水平中心复合正交矩阵来确定实验条件。得到20个焊接接头,测定了焊接接头的抗拉强度和界面硬度。采用方差分析(ANOVA)方法来确定起显著作用的、主要的及相互作用的参数,使用回归分析得到经验关系模型。用设计专家软件构造响应图和等高线图来优化摩擦焊接工艺参数。用得到的经验关系模型可以有效地预测焊接接头的抗拉强度和界面硬度,其置信水平达95%。从形成的等高线图可以得到所需的摩擦焊接的最佳条件。     

基于神经网络的搅拌摩擦焊接头质量预测系统研究

通过正交试验在不同的试验参数下对铜-铜进行搅拌摩擦焊接得到覆盖面较广的试验数据．形成神经网络质量预测体系的训练样本。以搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数(旋转速度、横向速度、压力)作为神经网络的输入，以焊接接头的拉仲强度或接头优异性(1接头质量合格、O为接头质量不合格)为神经网络的输出，用剔除畸变样本后的试验样本对人工神经网络进行训练，然后用训练好的网络对搅拌摩擦焊接头质量进行预测。利用MATLAB语言编制用户界面，并建立了搅拌摩擦焊的人工神经网络预测系统，实现了对工艺参数的优化。     

Establishing empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints

AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-Si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance.Compared with the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys,friction stir welding(FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material welded does not melt and recast.Joint strength is influenced by the grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget region.Hence,an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints.The empirical relationships are developed by response surface methodology(RSM) incorporating FSW tool and process parameters.A linear regression relationship was also established between grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget of FSW joints.     

Optimization of friction welding parameters using evolutionary computational techniques

The purpose of this study is to propose a method to decide near optimal settings of the welding process parameters in friction welding of stainless steel (AISI 304) by using non conventional techniques and artificial neural network (ANN). The methods suggested in this study were used to determine the welding process parameters by which the desired tensile strength and minimized metal loss were obtained in friction welding. This study describes how to obtain near optimal welding conditions over a wide search space by conducting relatively a smaller number of experiments. The optimized values obtained through these evolutionary computational techniques were compared with experimental results. The strength and microstructural aspects of the processed joints were also analyzed to validate the optimization.     

镍基合金电加热管腐蚀与防护

通过草酸浸蚀试验、动电位扫描测试、自腐蚀电位测试、电偶腐蚀试验和扫描电镜(SEM)观察,研究镍基合金Incoloy800、Incoloy840以及用它们制成的加热管在试验条件下的腐蚀情况;分析加工工艺对两种镍基合金腐蚀性能的影响;比较两种镍基合金加热管抗腐蚀性能的差异。结果表明,加工工艺显著降低了Incoloy840镍基合金的点蚀电位,对Incoloy800镍基合金的点蚀电位影响较小;对两种镍基合金晶间腐蚀敏感性几乎都没有影响;In-coloy800加热管试样晶间腐蚀敏感性小于Incoloy840加热管;Incoloy800加热管点蚀电位高于Incoloy840加热管;自腐蚀电位高低顺序为:Incoloy800加热管,Incoloy840加热管,Mg;Incoloy800加热管/镁电偶对电偶电流密度大于Incoloy840加热管/镁电偶对,Incoloy800加速电偶阳极镁腐蚀的作用更大。     

变形速率对摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了变形速率对低合金结构钢３５ＣｒＭｏ摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,增加变形速率可改善焊缝韧性。焊缝韧性改善的机理为近缝区晶粒细化和硬度降低。采用金相法、ＴＥＭ法对近缝区粒状组织精细结构进行了观察,粒状组织小鸟是由Ｍ－Ａ组成。指出增加变形速率使近缝区金属强化机制为位错强化、一定数量的岛状第二相强化和细晶粒强化。本文通过测试异种金属焊缝界面近区碳浓度的分布,探讨了变形速率对摩擦焊最高加     

焊接参数对摩擦塞焊焊接区域温度场的影响

为了研究焊接参数对摩擦塞焊焊接区域温度场的影响,建立了摩擦塞焊焊接的产热模型,并进行摩擦塞焊焊接工艺试验。通过理论分析得出焊接过程中的产热量与焊接参数的关系,试验对理论分析结果进行验证,并深入探讨焊接参数对焊接区域温度场的影响。结果表明:焊接进给速度的改变影响焊接过程中的焊接压力大小,从而影响摩擦塞焊焊接初始阶段的产热,进而影响焊接区域温度场;较高的焊接转速提高摩擦界面材料的升温速率,提高材料塑化,避免焊接缺陷;应选择适当的焊接摩擦时间,尽量匹配较高的转速以缩短焊接摩擦时间。     

Prediction of tensile strength of friction stir welded 6061 Al plates

The present paper investigates the prediction of tensile strength after friction stir welding (FSW) using artificial neural network (ANN) in the MATLAB program. The experimental results are used to develop the mathematical model. The combined influence of welding speed, rotation speed, and axial force on the tensile strength of 6061 Al plates is simulated. Results of the tensile test are used to train and test the ANN model. A multi-layer solution is developed using the ANN model to predict tensile strength. Back propagation (BP) method is initially trained using 80% of the experimental data, then, testing is performed with the rest of the data. Results indicate that predicted values are close to the corresponding measured values.     

Incoloy 800H/20g复合板材料焊接技术探讨

研究Incoloy 800H／20g复合板焊接工艺，以解决以镍基合金复合板材为主体的设备在焊接过程中易产生裂纹、气孔及成分偏析等问题。焊接实验选择H1Cr16Ni21作为过渡填充金属，采用惰性气体保护焊和手丁电弧焊2种形式焊接。实验结果表明，选择H1Cr16Ni21作为过渡填充金属，采用小电流、多道次焊接工艺，可得到质量良好的焊缝，焊缝宽度、焊缝余高、咬边及焊接错边均符合JB4730-94标准要求；力学性能优于20g耐热钢。焊缝成分与Incoloy800H接近。成功地解决了成分差异较大的2种材料焊接时易出现裂纹和气孔的问题。     

超硬铝合金搅拌摩擦焊全局动态鲁棒控制技术

针对7075超硬铝在传统熔焊过程中易出现热裂纹、气孔等焊接接头软化问题,建立基于搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数变化与焊接接头强度间的动态鲁棒控制关系. 根据全局运动与焊接强度参数间的非线性关系,建立搅拌针运动动态鲁棒控制模型,对焊接接头的断后伸长率、抗拉强度、硬度等物理参数进行计算. 建立未来时刻焊接过程工艺参数的鲁棒动态进化优化模型,实现工艺参数实时优化控制. 根据模型进行的一系列焊接接头强度试验结果,该模型的预测结果可以满足工程需要,具有工程实用价值.     

7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化

接头强度是搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的一个重要指标,通过搅拌头旋转频率、焊接速度和轴肩下压量等焊接工艺参数的不同组合制备了35个7A52焊接试板,对试板进行拉伸试验检测了接头的抗拉强度,建立并分析了焊接接头抗拉强度与焊接工艺参数之间的回归模型,搅拌头旋转频率n,焊接速度v和轴肩下压量d<,ta>单独变化时,接头抗拉强度都有峰值...     

Optimizing process of laser transmission welding of thermoplastics through RSM*

An experimental investigation on transmission welding of polycarbonate(PC)filled with and without black carbon has been carried out.Furthermore,correlations between the laser transmission welding parameters and output variables are developed by applying response surface methodology(RSM).The process parameters of the model include laser power,welding speed,clamping force and cooling time,the output parameters of the model include maximum tensile load.The design expert v8.05b establishes the design matrix and obtains the regression equation,in order to analyze the influence of the process parameters on the tensile load.The analysis-of-variance(ANOVA)method is used to check the models’adequacy.Results reveal that the measured and calculated results are in good agreement.     

铝合金无减薄搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化及特征分析

为提高无减薄搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能,基于响应面法对参数进行优化,建立了响应面模型,并对模型进行回归分析. 结果表明,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊是成形优良的焊接工艺,而且焊接参数对接头拉伸性能影响明显,其中主轴转速及焊接速度对其影响更为显著. 在无缺陷条件下,提高主轴转速的同时选取适中的焊接速度,以得到性能更优的焊接接头. 焊接参数为主轴转速1 000 r/min,焊接速度200 mm/min、轴肩下压量0.25 mm时,接头的抗拉强度最大为363 MPa,为母材的94.3%,断后伸长率11.2%. 而且相比于常规搅拌摩擦焊,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊在厚度方向上的性能更加均匀.     

Experimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel

UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi（L16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding process parameters such as heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure, upsetting time, and speed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine capacity, and the required knowledge was acquired from the preliminary experiments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical properties of the joints. Microhardness variation, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomplete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and upsetting pressures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational speed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temperature and also at subzero（cryo） temperature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be superior to the fusion welds of duplex stainless steel at room temperature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the parent material.     

7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验分析

在不同焊接参数下进行了7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验,对接头显微组织进行了光学和TEM分析,并测试了接头的抗拉强度和硬度分布.焊接工艺参数通过影响接头微观组织和焊接缺陷来影响接头的力学性能,在转速800r/min和焊速200mm/min的情况下,接头的抗拉强度最高达到母材强度的88%.焊接热输入较高时,接头的拉伸断裂出现在热影响区,而热输入较低时,焊缝底部出现未焊合,接头从此处首先发生开裂.结果表明,焊核区发生了动态再结晶和沉淀相溶解;热影响区发生了沉淀相粗化,晶间出现无沉淀带.     

Artificial neural network modeling of weld joint strength prediction of a pulsed metal inert gas welding process using arc signals

This paper addresses the weld joint strength monitoring in pulsed metal inert gas welding (PMIGW) process. Response surface methodology is applied to perform welding experiments. A multilayer neural network model has been developed to predict the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of welded plates. Six process parameters, namely pulse voltage, back-ground voltage, pulse duration, pulse frequency, wire feed rate and the welding speed, and the two measurements, namely root mean square (RMS) values of welding current and voltage, are used as input variables of the model and the UTS of the welded plate is considered as the output variable. Furthermore, output obtained through multiple regression analysis is used to compare with the developed artificial neural network (ANN) model output. It was found that the welding strength predicted by the developed ANN model is better than that based on multiple regression analysis.     

基于LSSVM和AFSA的摩擦焊接工艺参数优化

为了准确和快速确定最佳摩擦焊接工艺参数,提出了一种最小二乘支持向量机与鱼群算法相结合的摩擦焊接工艺参数优化方法。以摩擦时间、摩擦压力和顶锻压力3个主要摩擦焊接工艺参数为优化对象,焊接接头抗拉强度为优化目标,通过最小二乘支持向量机拟合优化对象与优化目标之间的复杂函数关系。首先进行焊接试验,以试验数据为样本对模型进行训练,然后用鱼群算法对模型进行优化,获得最佳摩擦焊接工艺参数。结果表明,该方法具有建模容易、求解快捷等优点,优化得到的工艺参数与正交回归优化的工艺参数相比,使焊接接头的抗拉强度提高了2.1%。