Continuous finishing processes using a combination of burnishing and electrochemical finishing on bore surfaces

A novel finishing tool was developed by using the two finishing processes of burnishing and electrochemical finishing. The finishing tool design included a burnishing tool and an electrode as a bore surface finish improvement, which goes beyond traditional boring by utilizing the continuous processes of burnishing and electrochemical finishing. Only a short time is required to make the bore surface smooth and bright with the use of these continuous finishing processes. The experimental results show that the large current rating is closely concerned with the fast feed rate of the finishing tool and is advantageous to the finishing processes. A small end radius or a small thickness of the electrode provides a more sufficient discharge, which is advantageous for the finish. The finishing effect is better with a high rotational speed of the finishing tool, since the dregs discharge the electrochemical machining, and burnishing becomes easier, which is also advantageous to the finishing processes. The finishing time using continuous current was not as prolonged as with the pulsed current.     

超声波磁流变复合抛光中几种工艺参数对材料去除率的影响

提出了一种光学抛光的新方法——超声波磁流变复合抛光。介绍了该抛光方法的基本原理和实验装置,进行了超声波磁流变复合抛光实验,采用轮廓仪实测了光学玻璃超声波磁流变抛光材料去除轮廓曲线。通过该项工艺实验,研究了五种工艺参数(磁场强度、超声振幅、抛光工具头与工件的间隙、抛光工具头转速、工件转速)对光学玻璃材料去除率的影响。在一定实验条件下,获得的材料去除率为0.139 μm/min,并获得了超声波磁流变复合抛光工艺参数与材料去除率的关系曲线,得出了光学玻璃超声波磁流变复合抛光的材料去除规律。     

金属材料磁流变抛光液的研究

介绍了磁流变光整加工的原理和特点,配制出了可满足金属材料磁流变光整加工的磁流变抛光液,该磁流变抛光液具有良好的流变性和稳定性。用所配置的磁流变抛光液对45#钢进行了抛光实验,实验表明该磁流变抛光液具有良好的抛光性能,可使试件表面粗糙度值达到Ra=0.2 um。     

平面磁研磨法的研究：非磁性金属材料的研磨特性和加工机理的考察

利用磁研磨法加工非磁性金属平板的表面时，在通常的磁性磨料中混入大粒径磁性粒子（铁粒子），可以显著提高加工效率。由不锈钢毛病产板的研磨实验中以看到：混入的铁粒子的粒径及其混合比例对加工效率影响很大。在研磨加工中，研磨压力存在最佳值。     

液体磁性磨具光整加工机理的研究

液体磁性磨具是一种面向精密光整的新技术。从组成、加工机理和实验三个方面对液体磁性磨具进行了阐述。实验结果表明，用液体磁性磨具对零件表面进行光整加工可以达到满意的效果。     

Design of continuity processes of electrochemical finishing and grinding following turning

A newly designed finishing process utilizing an effective electrode and a grinding tool to execute the continuous electrochemical finishing and grinding processes following turning is described in this paper. The proposed process can be used for a variety of turning operations. Electrochemical finishing and grinding can be performed following the finishing process on the same machine by using a simple attachment. The factors affecting electrochemical finishing, grinding performance, and electrochemical finishing are discussed. The electrode was tested with both continuous and pulsed direct current. A higher work piece rotational speed produced a better finish. Changing the electrode design from a semicircle to a wedge form with a small end radius caused the electrolytic products and heat to dissipate more rapidly and provided the best finishing. Pulsed direct current finishing was slightly better than using continuous direct current finishing. However, the use of pulsed current would increase machining time and cost. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae-Eun Kim Dr. P.S. Pa obtained his doctorate at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Presently he is an Associate Professor at Graduate School of Toy and Game Design of National Taipei University of Education. His fields of interest are innovative design and manufacturing processes. His current research includes ECM process for mould and die materials, precision finishing, toy design, and electro-optical engineering.     

磁性研磨在模具曲面抛光中的应用

针对大型模具曲面精整加工的问题,探讨采用磁性研磨加工模具曲面的工艺。根据磁性研磨加工原理,基于数控铣床研制了磁性研磨实验装置,采用工具旋转的磁性研磨加工方式,磁性磨料受到磁场约束力和离心力的作用,成为影响加工过程正反两方面的因素。对模具曲面进行磁性研磨加工实验,针对模具曲面研磨量不均匀问题,分析了影响曲面研磨量的主要因素,提出了从磁极形状和研磨轨迹等方面控制研磨量的方法。     

Effect of extrusion pressure and number of finishing cycles on surface roughness in magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) process

Magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) was developed as a new precision finishing process for complicated geometries using smart magnetorheological polishing fluid. This process introduces determinism and in-process controllability of rheological behaviour of abrasive laden medium used for finishing intricate shapes. Magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid is comprised of carbonyl iron powder and silicon carbide abrasives dispersed in a viscoplastic base of grease and mineral oil and exhibits change in rheological behaviour in presence of external magnetic field. This smart behaviour of MRP fluid is utilized to precisely control finishing forces. The process performance in terms of surface roughness reduction depends on process variables like hydraulic extrusion pressure, magnetic flux density in the finishing zone, number of finishing cycles, and composition of MRP fluid. In the present work, experiments were conducted on a hydraulically powered MRAFF experimental setup to study the effect of extrusion pressure and number of finishing cycles on the change in surface roughness of stainless steel grounded workpieces. A new observation of “illusive polishing” action with the initial increase in number of finishing cycles is reported. The actual finishing action is possible only after removal of initial loosely held material remaining after grinding.     

Performance evaluation of a dental handpiece in simulation of clinical finishing using a novel 2DOF in vitro apparatus

This paper reports on the performance evaluation of a dental handpiece in simulation of clinical finishing using a novel two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) in vitro apparatus. The instrumented apparatus consisted of a two-dimensional computer-controlled coordinate worktable carrying a dental handpiece, a piezoelectric force dynamometer, and a high-speed data acquisition and signal conditioning system for simulating the clinical operations and monitoring the dental finishing processes. The performance of the dental handpiece was experimentally evaluated with respect to rotational speed, torque, and specific finishing energy under the applied clinical finishing conditions. The results show that the rotational speeds of the dental handpiece decreased by increasing either the depth of cut or the feed rate at a constant clinically applied air pressure and water flowrate. They also decreased when increasing both the tangential and normal finishing forces. The specific finishing energy decreased with an increase in either depth of cut or feed rate, while the finishing torque increased as either the depth of cut or the feed rate was increased. Implications of these results were to provide guidance for proper applications of dental handpieces in clinical practice.     

Study of magnetic abrasive finishing in free-form surface operations using the Taguchi method

This study employed magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) to conduct free-form surface abrasion of stainless SUS304 material operations. The operations were demonstrated using a permanent magnetic finishing mechanism installed at the CNC machining center. The operations were performed using the Taguchi experimental design, considering the effects of magnetic field, spindle revolution, feed rate, working gap, abrasive, and lubricant. Furthermore, the experimental data was collected using the Taguchi experimental design. The optimal parametric conditions for processing stainless SUS304 material were applied in a two-stage process comprised of rough finishing that involved MAF followed by a precise finishing of the surface. Prior to rough finishing, the R_max value was 2.670 μm; after rough finishing, the value was 0.158 μm. Precise finishing yields an even lower value of 0.102 μm similar to that of the mirror surface. Therefore, the results revealed that MAF provides a highly efficient way of obtaining surface finish.     

曲轴类零件滚磨光整加工技术的开发与研究

根据曲轴类零件表面光整加工的实际要求,提出并制定了卧式滚磨光整加工的工艺方案,在阐述加工机理的基础上,重点分析了磨块与工件表面间复杂的相对运动,建立了数学模型,分析了影响加工的主要因素,最后以曲轴滚磨光整加工实例表明该工艺是提高表面质量和改善使用性能的理想工艺。     

Development of magnetorheological fluid-based process for finishing of ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece

A magnetorheological fluid-based process is developed for the internal surface finishing of ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece. The existing finishing processes based on magnetorheological fluid are not equipped to finish the internal ferromagnetic cylindrical surface significantly as it obtained higher magnetic flux density than the MR polishing fluid. At present, magnetorheological fluid-based finishing tools are designed to ensure the maximum magnetic flux density always present on the outer finishing tool core surface as compared to internal surface of ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece surface. To validate this present principal idea, the magnetostatic finite element analysis has been performed on the newly designed finishing tools. The preliminary experiments have also been conducted to evaluate the finishing performance with the two newly designed finishing tools. The percentage reduction in surface roughness (R_a) values with I-shaped tool core is found as 65–78% after 150 min of finishing, whereas, with rectangular shaped tool core is found as 78–81% after 90 min of finishing. The results clearly revealed that the present finishing tool with rectangular shaped core is more suitable for uniform significant finishing of ferromagnetic cylindrical internal workpiece than the I-shaped core. The developed process can be useful in finishing of cylindrical mold and dies, hydraulic cylinder, barrel for injection molding, etc.     

钛合金表面多磁极耦合旋转磁场光整加工特性

面向激光增材制造钛合金表面的光整加工需求,设计出一种多磁极耦合旋转磁场光整加工装置来研究光整加工特性。基于ANSYS Maxwell仿真软件分析了光整加工装置的磁场强度分布。搭建了实验光整平台,分析了主轴转速、C轴转速和加工间隙对表面质量的影响。结果表明,在主轴转速500 r/min、C轴转速160 r/min和加工间隙0.7 mm的加工条件下,表面粗糙度Ra由5.991 μm下降至0793 μm。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测表明,光整后的钛合金表面沉积层消失,表面质量得到显著改善。     

超声振动光整的EDEM数值模拟与实验研究

采用EDEM离散元分析软件对普通钝化光整实验及带有超声振动辅助光整实验进行数值模拟,仿真结果为超声振动光整加工系统的提出提供了依据。使用超声振动光整设备对平头铣刀进行钝化实验,进行了不同钝化条件下的实验研究。通过扫描电镜观察了钝化前后铣刀的表面形貌及钝圆半径的变化,分析了超声振动光整对钝化效率及效果的影响。实验结果表明,增加了超声振动钝化后的钝化效率提高了约26%,表面形貌得到较大改善。     

叉轴式强力滚磨加工的实验装备及实验研究

在考虑各影响因素可变的情况下,设计并研制出全方位可调的叉轴式强力滚磨加工实验装备,并对影响加工效果的主要因素如加工时间、设备运动参数,设备几何参数等进行了较为详细的实验研究,初步确定了较好的精饰加工参数。     

集群磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工试验研究

为了提高光电晶片集群磁流变平坦化加工效果,提出集群磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工方法,探究各工艺参数对加工效果的影响规律。以蓝宝石晶片为研究对象开展了集群磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工和集群磁流变抛光对比试验,通过检测加工表面粗糙度、材料去除率,观测加工表面形貌、集群磁流变抛光垫中磁链串受动态挤压前后形态变化,研究挤压幅值、工件盘转速、挤压频率以及最小加工间隙等工艺参数对加工效果的影响规律。试验结果表明：集群磁流变平坦化加工在施加工件轴向微幅低频振动后,集群磁流变抛光垫中形成的磁链串更粗壮,不但使其沿工件的径向流动实现磨粒动态更新、促使加工界面内有效磨粒数增多,而且在工件与抛光盘之间的加工间隙产生动态抛光压力、使磨粒与加工表面划擦过程柔和微量化,形成了提高材料去除效率、降低加工表面粗糙度的机制。对于2英寸蓝宝石晶电（1英寸=2.54 cm）集群磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工与集群磁流变抛光加工效果相比,材料去除率提高19.5%,表面粗糙度降低了42.96%,在挤压振动频率1 Hz、最小加工间隙1 mm、挤压幅值0.5 mm、工件盘转速500 r/min的工艺参数下进行抛光可获得表面粗糙度为Ra0.45 nm的超光滑表面,材料去除率达到3.28 nm/min。证明了集群磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工方法可行有效。     

磁极轴向振动研磨长圆管内表面的研究

磁性研磨长圆管内孔表面是一种新的加工工艺。理论分析表明,在加工状态下对磨粒运动轨迹进行复合可以提高加工效率并能提高被加工表面粗糙度,为此,设计出一台机械式振动装置来实现磨粒轨迹复合,并对0Cr18Ni8不锈钢圆管内壁进行研磨试验。试验结果表明,在合理的复合轨迹范围内,加工效率和加工效果均可提高一倍左右。     

Application of high speed slurry flow finishing method for finishing of inner wall of fine hole die: Effects of the hardness of die material on the polishing characteristics

In order to warrant the quality of drawn metal wires, the inner wall of the hole die which has been used in the drawing of metal wire, has been usually finished by hand work for a long time using a bar daubed the kneaded paste containing diamond powder. High speed slurry flow finishing method which has been recently developed for the finishing of inner wall of capillary has been applied to the finishing of the hole die. It is found that the surface roughness of inner wall of the hole decreases with the increasing number of slurry flow pass in a relatively short finishing time, and that surface roughness reduction rate depends on the hardness of die materials. Experiments show that the bell mouth shape is spontaneously formed in the high speed slurry flow finishing.     

模具边界邻域气压砂轮进动光整轨迹优化

针对气压砂轮进动光整在模具边界区域的振动加剧和边界棱线过度磨损等问题,提出在进动光整轨迹规划过程中对气压砂轮与工件相对切削速度方向进行约束的方案,推导出边界约束条件,并编写具有边界约束条件的进动光整轨迹生成程序。优化后的进动光整轨迹在连续曲面/平面内采用常规的进动光整方法,在边界附近采用具有约束的进动光整方法,因此兼具了进动光整方法切削速度方向的无序性优势,又避免了在工件边界附近引起剧烈振动和材料过度去除等问题。应用边界约束条件后的进动光整轨迹相比无约束的进动光整轨迹,在边界附近具有更小的振动和更完好的边界线,对加工过程和加工结果的改善在实际加工中得到了验证。     

内圆表面磁性研磨加工的研究

通过对薄壁套筒内表面磁性研磨加工的原理分析和影响加工特性的各种加工因素的实验研究，探讨内表面的最佳磁磨工艺方法，同时表明磁性研磨加工有着十分广阔的应用前景和较主的经济效益。