Solidification of Immiscible Alloys Under the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields

Immiscible alloys have aroused considerable interests in the last decades on account of their special physical and mechanical properties and potential applications. A considerable number of researches have been implemented to investigate the solidification behaviors of immiscible alloys in electric and magnetic fields. It has been indicated that the magnetic field and electric current can remarkably affect the solidification process and microstructures of immiscible alloys. The solidification techniques under the effects of electric and magnetic fields have great potentials for the fabrication of immiscible alloys. This paper reviews the research work in this field in recent years.     

Effect of Transverse Static Magnetic Field on Droplets Transient and Inclusions Evolution During the Electroslag Remelting Process of GCr15 Ingots

The voltage was recorded to investigate the influence of the static magnetic field on droplet evolution during the magnetically controlled electroslag remelting(MC-ESR) process. MC-ESR experiments were carried out under different remelting current, and transverse static magnetic fields(TSMF) of 85 mT, 130 mT and 160 mT were superimposed.Statistical work was performed to obtain the quantitative data of the droplets. The ASPEX Explorer was utilized to investigate the inclusions evolution of GCr15 ingots. The number of the droplets was 31 in 20 s during the traditional ESR process and reached 50 and 51 under the MC-ESR process with the TSMF of 85 mT and 130 mT, respectively. When compared the traditional ESR process with the MC-ESR process, the inclusions amount reduced 67%.     

定向凝固 Al7(CoCrFeMnNi)93 高熵合金微观组织演化及单晶生长

采用定向凝固技术研究了Al7(CoCrFeMnNi)93高熵合金微观组织的演化规律,以自然竞争生长法制备出胞状和树枝状亚结构单晶体,并研究了亚结构和取向对高熵合金单晶体纳米力学性能的影响。结果表明,Al7(CoCrFeMnNi)93高熵合金在定向凝固过程中界面更容易失稳,其平-胞界面转变速率小于1 μm/s,胞-枝界面转变速率范围约为2 ~ 5 μm/s。合金的一次、二次枝晶间距均随着定向凝固速率增加而逐渐减小,并分别与抽拉速率满足指数关系。定向凝固后,该合金枝晶干区域富集Co、Cr和Fe元素,而熔点较低的Mn、Ni和Al元素倾向于富集枝晶间区域。以自然竞争法获得的胞状、树枝状亚结构单晶的取向分别为[2 1 4]和[2 1 3]。纳米力学性能数据表明偏析行为造成的亚结构对单晶体的弹性模量和硬度影响较小,而晶体取向对单晶体的弹性模量影响较大,对硬度值影响较小。     

方钢表面矩形贯通沟槽的深度与该沟槽引起的漏磁场

用磁偶极子模型分析了方钢表面矩形贯通沟槽的深度d与该沟槽引起漏磁场H间的关系，推知：1）当d很小时，Hoed;2）d较大时，H∝（d-2kδ）（δ是d的函数，k为比例系数）；3）当d很大时，随着d的增加，H反而减小。推论1）和2）都早已为磁粉探伤的经典试验所验证，推论3）因未见现有文献记载，故尚待实验验证。此外，还给出了H-d的5种近似解析表达式。     

Effect of Axial Magnetic Field on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrN Films Deposited by Arc Ion Plating

CrN films were deposited on the high-speed-steel substrates by arc ion plating. The effect of an axial magnetic field on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The chemical composition, microstructure, surface morphology, surface roughness, hardness and film/substrate adhesion of the film were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope(SEM), surface morphology analyzer, Vickers microhardness test and scratch test. The results showed that the magnetic field puts much effect on the microstructure,chemical composition, hardness and film/substrate adhesion of the Cr N films. The N content increases and Cr content decreases when the magnetic flux density increases from 0 to 30 m T. All of the Cr N films were found to be substoichiometric. With an increase in the magnetic flux density, the film structures change in such way: Cr_2N →Cr_(2-N)+CrN→CrN+Cr_2N→CrN.The SEM results showed that the number of macroparticles(MPs) on the film surface is significantly reduced when the magnetic flux density increases to 10 mT or higher. The surface roughness decreases with the magnetic field, which is attributed to the fewer MPs and sputtered craters on the film surface. The hardness value increases from 2074 HV_(0.025) at 0 mT(without magnetic field) and reaches a maximum value of 2509 HV_(0.025) at 10 m T.The further increase in the magnetic flux density leads to a decrease in the film hardness. The critical load of film/substrate adhesion shows a monotonous increase with the increase in magnetic flux density.     

Effect of Axial Magnetic Field on the Microstructure,Hardness and Wear Resistance of TiN Films Deposited by Arc Ion Plating

TiN films were deposited on stainless steel substrates by arc ion plating. The influence of an axial magnetic field was examined with regard to the microstructure, chemical elemental composition, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the films. The results showed that the magnetic field puts much effect on the preferred orientation, chemical composition, hardness and wear resistance of TiN films. The preferred orientation of the TiN films changed from(111) to(220) and finally to the coexistence of(111) and(220) texture with the increase in the applied magnetic field intensity. The concentration of N atoms in the TiN films increases with the magnetic field intensity, and the concentration of Ti atoms shows an opposite trend. At first, the hardness and elastic modulus of the TiN films increase and reach a maximum value at 5 m T and then decrease with the further increase in the magnetic field intensity. The high hardness was related to the N/Ti atomic ratio and to a well-pronounced preferred orientation of the(111) planes in the crystallites of the film parallel to the substrate surface. The wear resistance of the Ti N films was significantly improved with the application of the magnetic field, and the lowest wear rate was obtained at magnetic field intensity of 5 m T. Moreover, the wear resistance of the films was related to the hardness H and the H3/E*2 ratio in the manner that a higher H3/E*2 ratio was conducive to the enhancement of the wear resistance.