阻燃型胺类环氧树脂固化剂的研究进展

介绍了近年来胺类环氧树脂固化剂改性的一个重要方面——阻燃型胺类环氧树脂固化剂,及其阻燃性、耐热性的研究进展。阻燃型胺类环氧树脂固化剂主要包括含磷、含氮杂环、含硅胺类固化剂,以及含氮磷杂环和含硅-磷胺类固化剂。     

硅、磷阻燃型环氧树脂的现状与研究

由于含硅、磷物质本身的阻燃性能优越,用含硅、磷物质改性环氧树脂成为提高其阻燃性的重要方法。本文主要介绍了含硅、磷阻燃型环氧树脂的发展状况与研究进展。     

阻燃环氧树脂研究进展

综述了近来含硅、含氮、含磷阻燃环氧树脂以及磷/氮协同阻燃环氧树脂及环氧纳米阻燃材料的研究进展。     

硅磷杂化物/环氧树脂固化物的性能研究

以γ-环氧丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)与磷酸反应合成了一种含磷硅烷偶联剂,将这种含磷硅烷偶联剂与硅溶胶按一定配比进行水解缩聚反应,得到一种硅磷杂化物,将该硅磷杂化物引入到双酚A环氧树脂(E-51),以4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷为固化剂,制备了硅磷杂化物/环氧树脂固化物。对该固化物的玻璃化转变温度、热失重、拉伸强度、极限氧指数(LOI)进行了测试。结果表明,该固化物玻璃化转变温度,700℃残炭量以及LOI均比纯环氧树脂固化物高,拉伸强度却下降较少。当硅磷杂化物的添加量占环氧树脂质量的50%时,该固化物的玻璃化转变温度可以达到178℃,极限氧指数可以达到28.2,与纯环氧树脂固化物相比,分别提高了18℃和25%。与纯环氧树脂固化物相比,该硅磷杂化物/环氧树脂固化物具有较好的阻燃性及热稳定性。     

含磷阻燃型环氧树脂的研究进展

介绍了含磷阻燃型环氧树脂的各种制备方法,并对其阻燃性、热性能和力学性能进行了比较。与普通环氧树脂相比,磷的引入可显著提高其阻燃能力,并具有低毒低烟、对环境友好等优点。此外,还介绍了磷元素与氮、硅、铝在阻燃方面的协同效应,利用协同效应可进一步提高环氧树脂的阻燃性能。     

新型含磷环氧树脂的研究进展

有机和无机磷化物是新一代无卤、环保和绿色新型阻燃改性单体,可合成具有优异热稳定性、阻燃特性和物理机械性能的新型含磷环氧树脂。综述了DOPO的结构性能和化学反应性,以及以DOPO和氧氯化磷为原料合成新型含磷中间体和环氧树脂的结构、合成方法及性能等。     

无卤阻燃型环氧树脂的研究进展

从两大类无卤阻燃型环氧树脂,即添加型阻燃环氧树脂和反应型阻燃环氧树脂的应用研究出发,综述了其阻燃效果和阻燃机理。无卤阻燃型环氧树脂因具有优异的特性成为研究热点,但依旧存在耐热、耐烧蚀、阻燃性能差的缺陷,不能适用于对性能要求更高的工作环境。基于相关模拟和实验研究,从阻燃环氧树脂特性出发深入探究了其在阻燃材料领域的发展前景。     

含磷环氧树脂体系研究进展

详细介绍了反应型含磷阻燃环氧树脂体系的研究状况及其在覆铜板中的应用,并指出了含磷环氧树脂的发展方向。     

阻燃型生物基环氧树脂的研究进展

利用植物油、衣康酸等可再生单体在环氧化作用下制备的环境友好型生物基环氧树脂可作为传统石油基环氧树脂的替代产品。增加生物基环氧单体或固化剂的功能、提高生物质含量和生物降解能力是未来开发高性能生物基环氧树脂的几个关键因素。本文综述了阻燃型生物基环氧树脂的现状和研究进展。     

含硅环氧树脂的合成及在棉织物上的应用

用正交设计方法研究了含硅环氧树脂的合成及其在棉织物上的应用工艺。合成树脂的最佳条件为：中间体２ｇ,含硅化合物１０ｇ,环氧氯丙烷８．４ｇ２,反应温度７０℃,反应时间１ｈ;处理棉腐绸最佳工艺为：含硅环氧树脂８％,焙烘温度１７０℃,焙粉时间４ｍｉｎ;处理过的棉其干折皱回得角提高６０℃以上,湿折皱回复角提高５０℃以上。     

双组分水性环氧树脂研究进展

介绍了水性环氧树脂分类方法、双组分水性环氧树脂的合成、固化剂改性及其在防腐蚀涂料、建筑修饰等领域的应用研究进展。     

环氧树脂体系阻燃技术的发展

阐述了改善热固性环氧树脂体系阻燃性能的目的和意义，介绍了环氧树脂体系的阻燃方法。以气相机理和凝聚相机理为基础，讨论了几种常用阻燃剂的阻燃机理。分析了环氧树脂体系阻燃技术的研究现状，指出环氧树脂阻燃技术将向着安全化、复合功能化、新技术化和研究系统化的趋势发展。     

新型含氮环氧树脂研究进展

氮系阻燃剂具有高效、低毒(包括其分解产物)等优点,故已成为当今阻燃剂的发展方向。综述了氮系阻燃剂的特点及其阻燃机理,以及目前国内外对含氮环氧树脂(EP)和含氮阻燃固化剂的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

无卤阻燃环氧树脂固化物及其结构与性能

环氧树脂固化物具有一系列性能优势,是重要的电子材料之一,但因其极易燃烧而存在火灾隐患。采用一类扭曲非对称结构的二氮杂萘酮型二胺和二酚型无卤阻燃固化剂,与双酚A型环氧树脂(E51)和含磷环氧树脂固化,所得固化物具有优异的热学和动态力学性能,T可达157℃,热线胀系数低;与含磷树脂固化后所得g材料的阻燃性顺利通过UL94 V-0级测试。     

Synthesis and properties of phosphorus and nitrogen containing intumescent flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin

A kind of intumescent ?ame-retardant curing agent (PCDSPB) was synthesised by using pentaerythritol, phosphorus oxycholoride, cyclohexane-1,3-diyldimethanamine (1,3- BAC) as raw materials and the structure was characterised by FTIR and MS. The composite materials were investigated by using TG, TG-FTIR, LOI, UL-94, SEM, and CCT. The results show that the ?lling of PCDSPB can improve the ?ame resistance of EP composites. When the phosphorus content of the composite system was 1.74 wt-%, the initial weight loss temperature was 299°C and the char yield was 26.3% at 600°C. Tensile strength was 35.4 MPa, impact strength was4.3 kJ m?2, LOI was 27.9, and the UL94 passed V-0 level. In the CCT, the peak heat release rate reduced to 276.0 kW m?2(EP-2) from 622.8 kW m?2 (EP-0), the total heat release decreased from 121.8 MJ m?2 (EP-0) to 89.5 MJ m?2 (EP-2). Therefore, the PCDSPB is a good intumescent ?ame-retardant curing agent for EP.     

Enhancement of fire safety in epoxy resin composites through incorporation of microencapsulated diatomite

Diatomite (DIA) particles are commonly employed as flame-retardant additives for polymers, yet their intrinsic inefficiency requires substantial quantities for optimal efficacy. To address this issue, we proposed a novel approach involving the microencapsulation of DIA with polyethylene glycol phosphate (PEGP) to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). Characterization of the prepared DIA@PEGP utilized scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The resulting EP composite, DIA@PEGP-4/EP, achieved a limiting oxygen index of 33.2% and achieved a V-0 level in vertical combustion tests. Compared to EP, DIA@PEGP-4/EP demonstrated significantly improved fire performance, with 38.6%, 47.8%, 25.0%, 41.3%, and 60.4% reduction in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, and CO yield. Furthermore, the highest FPI value of 0.080 m²·s/kW for DIA@PEGP-1/EP and the lowest FGI value of 8.734 kW/m²·s for DIA@PEGP-4/EP, indicate that the incorporation of DIA@PEGP into EP enhances its fire safety. The flame retardancy mechanism of DIA@PEGP-4 involves the formation of a phosphorus-containing aromatic carbon layer during EP char formation, capturing radicals in the gas phase during combustion.     

Phosphaphenanthrene‐containing borate ester as a latent hardener and flame retardant for epoxy resin

Borate ester containing the phosphaphenanthrene group with N → B coordination structure (PBN) was synthesized by transesterification of tributyl borate, 2‐(6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz?c,e??1,2?oxaphos‐phorin‐6‐yl) methanol and N,N‐dimethylethanolamine. A thermally latent curing utility for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (E51) was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, its flame‐retarding function in the cured epoxy was demonstrated in terms of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test. The cured epoxy with 100:20 mass ratio of E51 to PBN passed UL94 V‐0 rating with 34.3% of LOI. The flame retardation mode and thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy were carefully evaluated. The results of this work suggest that application of PBN would permit the formulation of environmentally friendly one‐pot flame‐retardant epoxy resin. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型含磷阻燃环氧树脂的合成与表征

以2-(5,5-二甲基-4-苯基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环已烷膦酸酯基)-对苯二酚和双酚A 二缩水甘油酯合成了一新型的含环状膦酸酯结构的阻燃环氧树脂(DPODB-EP).采用元素分析、红外光谱(FTIR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对该含磷环氧树脂的结构和相对分子质量分布进行了表征.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC))和热失重法(TG)对DPODB-EP/PN固化物热性能进行了测试,发现该固化物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(165℃)和较高的燃烧残炭率(700℃,31%).阻燃性能测试表明该固化物具有较好的阻燃效果,在磷的质量分数为2.25%时其极限氧指数可达29.5%.