Dynamic test and fatigue life evaluation of compressor blades

High-cycle fatigue (HCF) has been identified as one of the primary causes of gas turbine engine failure. To verify the reliability of the high cycle fatigue fracture of the 5 MW gas turbine engine blade being developed by Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., dynamic tests were conducted using real size compressor rigs according to previous studies. The dynamic safety margin of the 5MW gas turbine engine blade was calculated on the basis of the ratio between the dynamic stress and endurance limit stress respectively determined through the compressor rig and fatigue tests. The HCF characteristics and the fatigue life stability of the DGT-5 compressor blades were verified through these processes. A fatigue life design procedure for the gas turbine compressor blade was established on the basis of the design, analysis, and test processes implemented in a previous study. In sum, the 5 MW class gas turbine compressor blades were found to be well designed in terms of resonance stability and fatigue life.     

Modal characteristics according to the tip shape and assembly condition of the turbine blade

To determine the reliability of a 5 MW gas turbine engine blade in high cycle fatigue (HFC) fracture being developed by Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., resonance characteristics are verified based on the turbine blade tip shape and assembly condition. In this study, the modal characteristics of compressor and turbine blades are investigated, and a Campbell diagram is established. During the preliminary study, modal analysis and holographic modal test of the first-, fifth-, and tenth-stage compressor blades were performed. Based on the preliminary study result, the natural frequency and Campbell diagram analysis for the turbine blades were performed. This research compared and verified the modal characteristic and resonance stability according to the tip shape and assembly condition of the blade to prevent any HCF fracture. In conclusion, the resonance stability of the shrouded blade is far superior to that of the squealer blade. Suitable assembly conditions must be applied.     

增压器涡轮叶片疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法

根据径流式增压器涡轮的结构与工作特点,分析了涡轮叶片的载荷与应力空间分布特征;针对增压器涡轮由疲劳与蠕变交互作用引起的叶根断裂失效模式,研究了增压器涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力变化历程,建立了涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力描述方法;然后建立了增压器涡轮叶片叶根疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法及模型,并运用建立的模型对增压器涡轮叶片叶根进行了寿命评估。     

某型涡轮增压器轴流涡轮疲劳寿命预测分析

针对船用涡轮增压器在发动机实际工况下的疲劳失效模式,基于发动机的耐久试验任务剖面,分析了增压器在不同工况下运行时的涡轮转速的变化规律,计算了船用涡轮增压器涡轮疲劳危险部位的应力变化情况,其最大应力出现部位位于叶片根部,最大应力值为647MPa。利用线性Miner累计损伤法则,统计出涡轮增压器涡轮在发动机整个耐久试验任务剖面过程中的总损伤量为0.004,根据总损伤量和耐久试验总时长,推算出涡轮增压器涡轮的寿命为33334h;通过拉森-米勒参数法分析计算在工作状态下,涡轮的蠕变寿命为316227h,为后续涡轮可靠性分析提供理论参考。     

水平轴风力机叶片的结构设计与有限元分析

设计了一种1．5MW水平轴风力机叶片模型,运用ANSYS Workbench对叶片模型添加材料属性、划分网格、施加载荷与约束进行有限元分析。进行了叶片在静止状态和有预应力作用两种工况下的结构模态计算,分析了叶片在被施加极限挥舞栽荷作用下的表面应力分布情况,计算了叶片的最小模态频率和最大应力分布情况。     

废气涡轮增压器叶片模态特性的探究

针对增压器常发生的由于叶片振动产生的叶片损坏现象,利用三维CAD建模软件对废气涡轮增压器涡轮叶片及压气机叶片进行建模,并采用有限元分析软件对其分别进行振型模态分析,找出发生共振的频率,为叶片的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

复杂载荷作用下压气机叶片疲劳寿命数值分析

为提高叶片服役寿命,在计算叶片应力分布并预测其在复杂载荷作用下的疲劳寿命后,基于逆向工程建立了三种不同精度的叶片模型;考虑离心和气动载荷作用,求解压气机叶片复合载荷作用下的应力分布规律;通过叶片模拟件疲劳试验,确定TC4钛合金疲劳极限,拟合寿命模型参数;利用非线性连续损伤力学模型预测叶片在典型工况下的疲劳寿命。结果表明：不同模型的应力及寿命计算值存在一定差异,开展叶片数值分析时,需考虑计算模型还原叶片几何特征的精度对计算结果的影响。     

流固耦合下轴流压气机叶片振动特性数值研究

气流扰动触发的叶片振动是导致叶片疲劳失效的主要原因,针对此问题,首先,建立叶片流固耦合时域计算模型,研究叶片振动特性,并进行叶片失效分析;其次,建立压气机叶片振动分析模型,结合叶片振动试验来验证模型的有效性;然后,考虑气体与叶片的耦合作用,通过数值仿真模拟得到典型工况下的叶片表面气动载荷,并将其引入旋转叶片有限元振动分析模型进行叶片振动响应计算;最后,引入坎贝尔图确定叶片危险工况,得到危险工况下的叶片动应力分布,并进行叶片疲劳失效分析。结果表明:临界工况下叶片振动应力分布与发生共振的模态振型密切相关;临界转速下叶片发生的1阶共振是造成叶片失效的主因。     

Investigation of blade failure in a gas turbine

A gas turbine abruptly tripped to a stop during its daily morning start-up period. Out of a total of 81 blades in the first row only one blade was broken at its root. Prior to this accident, there were three blade failure accidents in the same plant during the last 10 years. First, the fracture surface of the troubled blade was investigated. Stress analysis of the blade showed that the maximum stress occurred due to the pressure profiles developed during operation. Modal analysis for one blade and the assembly of blades was performed and Campbell diagram and Interference diagram were drawn to check the dynamic characteristics of the blades. The vibration of the turbine was measured using accelerometers during the operation condition. The result shows that the fatigue fracture of the blade was originated during transient events internal to the combustion chamber which was close to the resonance condition of the assembled blades.     

轴流压缩机叶片断裂分析

轴流压缩机累计运行443天后动叶叶片断裂。通过宏观断口检验和金相分析、力学性能测试、扫描电镜显微分析以及宏观和微观的成分检测等方法对断裂叶片进行了分析。结果表明,叶片在服役过程中承受了复杂的交变应力,叶片材料中有呈带状分布的夹杂物和材料晶界上产生了磷元素偏聚,这些缺陷的存在会使叶片的疲劳寿命显著降低,造成叶片的早期疲劳断裂。     

航空发动机Ⅰ级涡轮叶片断裂故障分析

某航空发动机Ⅰ级涡轮工作叶片断裂是一项重大故障。本文以光弹性技术为主，从结构、工艺、材料等方面进行综合分析，确定故障的主要原因是离心应力和振动应力组成的变幅应力过大而引起的疲劳断裂。同时提出开卸荷槽的结构措施以及喷丸、调整叶冠装配间隙等工艺措施，大大提高了叶片伸根部分的抗疲劳强度。排故措施经过零件的振动疲劳试验和发动机台架试验证实，并已在新旧发动机中应用，取得良好效果。     

LP compressor blade vibration characteristics at starting conditions of a 100 MW heavy-duty gas turbine

In this paper are presented the blade vibration characteristics at the starting conditions of the low pressure multistage axial compressor of heavy-duty 100 MW gas turbine. Vibration data have been collected through strain gauges during aerodynamic tests of the model compressor. The influences of operating modes at the starting conditions are investigated upon the compressor blade vibrations. The exciting mechanisms and features of blade vibrations are investigated at the surge, rotating stall, and buffeting flutter. The influences of operating modes upon blade dynamic stresses are investigated for the first and second stages. It is shown that a high dynamic stress peak of 120 MPa can occur in the first stage blades due to resonances with stall cell excitations or with inlet strut wake excitations at the stalled conditions.     

2种约束条件下的 TRT 叶片静态及模态分析

高炉煤气余压透平发电装置（简称 TRT）是一种能源发电装置,叶片在 TRT 工作过程中起着能量转换的作用。在对叶片结构进行分析时,边界条件的施加方式会因安装及工作条件的不同而有所改变。本文采用 ANSYS Workbench 建立了 TRT 叶片的有限元模型,并根据叶片的安装及结构等特点,对叶根周向面确定了2种相对合适的边界约束条件,然后对叶片分别进行结构静力学和模态分析对比。结果表明,在约束条件Ⅱ下计算所得的应力、位移以及动频、静频的数值相比于约束条件Ⅰ下的都有所减小,应力、位移的分布规律以及模态振型几乎不变,分析结果为进一步对 TRT 叶片的相关试验和动力学分析和计算提供了一定参考依据。     

驱动合成气压缩机用工业汽轮机设计分析

针对某化工企业用合成气汽轮机高参数、高转速、高功率等要求的问题,基于透平热力学理论,提出了一种反动式工业汽轮机设计方案。使用透平强度理论对汽轮机直叶片的应力进行了详细计算,使用有限元分析对调节级叶片、末级扭叶片的应力进行了详细研究,使用转子动力学理论对汽轮机转子4种不同振型的不平衡响应振动进行了详细分析。利用动平衡机对转子进行了高速动平衡试验,同时通过汽轮机空负荷试验,检查了转子的实际振动情况。试验结果表明,汽轮机的功率与转速均满足用户的要求,叶片的应力在许用范围之内,叶片强度满足要求,转子的临界转速具有足够的避开余量,转子的振幅不超过25μm,符合API612的要求;该设计方案可满足用户的要求,能广泛满足合成气压缩机的驱动需求。     

Concerning the possibility of examining compressor blades according to attenuation and speed of ultrasound

Possibilities for studying the structural condition of the material, from which the operating blades of the axial compressor of a gas-turbine engine are made, are considered based on measuring ultrasound attenuation and speed. The results of measuring the propagation of pulses of longitudinal and elastic shear waves in the blade material after their operation and repair. The experimental studies are performed using an ultrasonic echo method. The potential of the nondestructive acoustic method of evaluating the structural state of corrosion resistant stainless steel after use, restorative repairs, and repeated use of the blades in the General Electric MS 5142 gas turbine engine of a GTK-25I gas compressor is presented.     

某型发动机涡轮叶片的蠕变寿命分析

针对某型航空发动机的涡轮叶片,开展了应力计算,进行给定转速和温度场条件下的弹塑性有限元分析,得到应力场;对叶片上的危险位置和最大应力值进行分析,计算提高工况时的涡轮叶片的应力场,分析温度场提高和转速提高对叶身应力分布的影响和最大应力值的变化程度;针对温度场和离心载荷分析计算的结果,对于涡轮叶片结构设计、故障预防维修以及航空发动机整体可靠性有重要意义。     

关于风力发电机叶片预应力模态频率的研究

通过对风力发电机叶片进行预应力模态频率分析,找出了发电机在使用过程中产生振动耦合的原因。通过对叶片结构形式和选用材料进行改进并对改进后的机体进行模态频率比较研究,得出了避免叶片产生振动耦合的方案,通过疲劳特性分析确定其方案是否可行,为同类产品的安装、使用和优化设计提供了参考依据。     

叶片梯度角对压气机叶轮固有频率的影响规律

增压器叶轮固有频率分布对其可靠性寿命起至关重要的作用.为获取压气机叶轮几何尺寸对叶轮固有频率的影响规律,提出了与叶片厚度和叶片悬臂长度相关的叶片梯度角概念,采用Con-cepts NREC软件进行叶轮系列化设计,结合ANSYS有限元分析软件进行叶轮固有频率及强度模拟计算,并通过叶轮模态测试系统进行了8个代表性尺寸的铣削...     

使用条件对民航发动机涡轮叶片蠕变寿命的影响分析

发动机使用条件及自身健康状况对涡轮叶片的实际使用寿命有重要影响。以民航发动机为对象,借助发动机性能仿真模型和拉森-米勒蠕变寿命预测模型,研究了发动机性能退化、大气温度变化以及减推力起飞对涡轮叶片蠕变寿命的影响。通过仿真实验研究发现：发动机性能衰退加速了涡轮叶片的寿命损耗,压气机效率损失3%即可导致涡轮叶片蠕变寿命减少80%;随大气温度的升高,涡轮叶片蠕变寿命呈指数规律递减;减推力起飞对涡轮叶片延寿效果比较明显,但随着推力的进一步减小,对涡轮叶片的延寿效果却不再显著。     

具有自动控制功能的风机叶片疲劳加载基座设计

为了消除MW级风机叶片疲劳加载基座的机械化弊端,设计了一套具有自动控制功能的疲劳加载试验基座。整个基座可分为旋转结构、锁紧结构和动力结构;采用液压马达驱动齿轮传动,实现叶片转动,并通过楔块实现叶片的定位和锁紧,提高了系统自动化程度。最后,采用Solid Works软件对关键部件进行了有限元分析,证明其完全具有疲劳加载试验的能力。