腐蚀经济学讲座(续一)

3.经济效果指标 腐蚀经济效果的含义,是指腐蚀与防护中,在应用了某项技术方案后,取得的有用效果与所需要的劳动耗费的比值。即 经济效果=效果/耗费 如前所述,效果指标和耗费指标均有许多种类,选用各种不同的效果和耗费的指标,其     

驱油剂对油包水乳状液静电聚结特性的影响

利用新型静电聚结器室内快速评价装置结合显微拍照技术,系统研究了电场作用下驱油剂及其含量对静电聚结效果的影响规律,并利用能耗分析的方法对结果进行了分析。实验结果表明:加碱后水溶液聚结效果提高,但随着碱含量的增加,聚结效果下降;交流脉冲、直流脉冲电场作用下效果较好,高频时聚结效果较好。随表面活性剂含量增加,聚结效果先下降后提高,拐点因频率而不同,且低频时直流脉冲和交流脉冲聚结效果较好,高频时方波和交流脉冲聚结效果较好。含有聚合物的乳状液在电场作用下聚结效果先下降后上升,但超过一定含量后基本不变,方波和交流脉冲的聚结效果较好。不同情况下,低频时正弦交流能耗较低,高频时直流脉冲能耗较低,交流脉冲和方波作用下液滴聚结效果较好。     

药学本科生临床药学实习效果影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响药学本科生临床药学实习效果的危险因素。方法:选取遵义医学院2015级146名药学专业本科生,根据实习效果分为实习效果满意组(n=89)和实习效果不满意组(n=57),采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析影响药学本科生临床药学实习效果的危险因素。结果:在实习效果不满意组中准备考研考试的学生比例明显高于实习效果满意组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);在实习效果满意组中,带教老师负责、积极参与临床和轮转安排合理的学生比例明显高于实习效果不满意组,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示影响药学本科生临床药学实习效果的危险因素包括准备考研考试、带教老师负责和积极参与临床(P均0.05)。结论:在药学本科实习中影响学生实习效果的主要因素是准备考研考试,在今后的教学中需要重点关注和合理引导学生考研安排。     

QD系列杀菌剂效果分析

通过试验分析成都齐达公司生产的杀菌剂QD721-1、QD733和杀菌灭藻剂QD712的杀菌效果、静态腐蚀效果和静态配伍效果。     

油(艹才)田药剂防除杂草试验简报

本试验选用草枯醚、扑草净、利谷隆等8个品种,设有单用和混用,于整畦后移栽前土表喷雾处理,移植后正常管理。从药后25天调查田间杂草残留数量的结果表明:草枯醚除草效果最好,总除草效果达82.7％,其对看麦娘的防除效果高达92.8％;其次为利谷隆和草枯醚(或毒草胺)混用,总除草效果分别为78.6％和76.5％;毒草胺、扑草净单用的除草效果分别为75.3％和72.7％;除草醚和五氯酚钠由于残效期外,所以除草效果不够理想,其对恶性杂草看麦娘的防除效果有60％左右,在改变配方后能提高灭草效果,如与长残效品种混用。     

浅谈企业如何提升培训效果

市场经济的条件下企业之间的竞争已越来越表现为员工素质的竞争和学习能力的竞争,培训作为人力资源开发的重点,其效果尤其引发人们的关注与重视,但是企业培训师往往将培训和教育混同,培训上总是达不到理想的效果。本文通过分析目前企业培训效果的现状,并就如何提升企业的培训效果提出几点建议,从企业培训效果的现状分析,查找培训工作中存在的问题,探寻提升企业培训效果的方法和措施。     

NR/石墨粉微波屏蔽材料的研究

研究了ＮＲ和几种导电性填料复合物的微波屏蔽效果以及填料的用量、电导率和试样厚度对微波屏蔽效果的影响。结果表明,ＮＲ／石墨粉复合物对微波屏蔽效果较好,当石墨粉用量为２５０份时,微波屏蔽效果达４２ｄＢ;复合材料的电导率大,微波屏蔽效果就好;当试样厚度为０３５ｍｍ时,微波屏蔽效果达到该体系复合物的极限值（３４ｄＢ）;石墨粉在ＮＲ中的分散越均匀,复合物的微波屏蔽效果越好。     

生物膜叠球填料强化A2O工艺处理效果试验研究

针对海上生产钻井废液蒸发浓缩出水水质成分复杂，常规A²O工艺处理效果不佳的问题，通过实验探究不同生物填料的挂膜效果和废水处理效果并筛选出适宜的生物填料，同时探究不同运行条件下该工艺对废水的处理效果，结果表明：生物膜叠球填料挂膜时间较短为13 d,挂膜成功后的生物量、EPS含量、累计剩余污泥产量以及废水处置效果均最佳；综合考虑成本和废水处理效果，SRT为15 d时最佳；pH值为7时，废水处理效果最佳，COD和氨氮的去除率均达到95%左右；延长HRT,废水COD去除效果也随之提高，氨氮去除率出现先增大后下降的趋势，当HRT为6 h时，整体废水处理效果最佳，COD和氨氮的去除率均达到95%左右。     

不同助磨组分对矿渣助磨性能的研究

通过试验研究了各种助磨剂组分对矿渣的助磨效果和增强效果,并且建立助磨效果与助磨组分掺量之间的数学模型,验证了其合理性。试验结果表明,某些助磨剂在不同粉磨阶段的助磨效果不同。羟基硅油和丙二醇对矿渣粉的助磨效果最好,在最佳掺量下,比表面积分别增加8.89%和6.67%。DEIPA 和羟基硅油可以明显提高矿渣粉各龄期的强度,增强7%～10%;丙二醇和糖蜜使矿渣粉中后期强度（7d和 28d）提高 10%左右,TEA 对矿渣的助磨效果和增强效果都不明显,助磨剂与不同水泥存在着适应性问题。矿渣的助磨效果 G 与掺量 x 呈指数函数关系：G=P [1-e-λ(x-ω)] 。     

远红外高辐射率不锈钢搪瓷的研制

利用普通瓷釉和高辐射率涂料的复合,经过产品的理化性能及节能效果的测试,着重分析讨论密着性和节能效果,研制出具有良好的密着性和节能效果的远红外高辐射率不锈钢搪瓷。     

Effects of different fractions of the barley kernel on the hepatic lipid metabolism of chickens

Various physical fractions of the barley kernel were fed to one-day-old female and male chickens to determine their effect on hepatic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and the lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACX), malic enzyme (ME), citrate-cleavage enzyme (CCE) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) at the subcellular level. Significant inhibition (p<0.01) of cholesterol biosynthesis accompanied by significant decreases in plasma cholesterol concentrations and induction of fatty acid synthesis were found in diets based on pearled barley, barley pearlings and a high-protein barley flour (HPBF: aleurone and subaleurone layers of barley endosperm) separated from the pearlings when compared to corn. Lower weight gains in 1- to 4-week-old birds fed the high-protein barley flour were found to be the result of lower feed consumption; pair feeding of 12-week-old birds with diets based on corn and high-protein barley flour produced equal weight gains in both treatments and significant reductions in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, plasma cholesterol and induction in several lipogenic enzymes in birds fed the high-protein barley flour. Substitutions of 5–20% high-protein barley flour for corn in a corn-based diet produced significant weight gains (p<0.01) of 10 to 20% in 2-week-old chickens, inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis by 45–65% and produced a 3-fold increase in a fatty acid synthetase. The results indicate that HPBF contains an inhibitor(s) of cholesterol biosynthesis and a growth factor(s) when compared to a corn-based diet. Cooperative investigation between the Science and Education Administration, US Department of Agriculture, and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.     

青海地区青稞苗SOD的测定

文章采用邻苯三酚自氧化法,对青海地区三个品种青稞苗的不同生长高度的SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性的测定。经过结果分析,得出青稞苗在生长初期,随着高度的增长,其含量会逐渐增加,生长到25 cm左右SOD活性达到最大。通过对青稞苗不同生长时期的SOD活性的测定,旨在为青稞苗资源的进一步开发利用提供参考,提高青稞资源的有效开发利用,推动青稞产业发展。     

Field study of the fate of labelled fertilizer nitrate applied to barley and maize in sandy soils

The recovery in crop and soil of labelled fertilizer nitrate applied to barley and maize growing on a sandy soil was measured. The experimental plots, each measuring 4m × 4m, were situated on fields growing with barley and with maize. The barley received 50 kg N/ha as KNO₃ enriched with 5.99 At.%¹⁵N excess while the maize received 113 kg N/ha as KNO₃ labelled with 5.014 At.%¹⁵N excess. Otherwise, the plots were treated the same as the rest of the field. At harvesting, the barley and the maize plots were subdivided into nine and six sub-plots respectively. Plant samples, including the roots and soil samples up to 1 m depth were collected in each sub-plot. Fertilizer N recovery in the samples was measured. In the plants, the N derived from the fertilizer (Ndff) was 24.0% and 16.7% in barley and maize, respectively. The percentage of the applied fertilizer recovered by barley was 57%; for maize, only 18%. The movement of fertilizer N was restricted to the top 50 cm in the barley plot, whereas in the maize plot, the fertilizer N could be detected down to 90 cm. The amount of fertilizer N remaining in the soil at harvest was 32% for the barley and 68% for the maize plot. The loss of fertilizer N under barley was 10% and 14% under maize. The loss was attributed mainly to denitrification. The means and the variances of total N uptake by plants inside the¹⁵N plot and outside the¹⁵N plot were compared. They did not differ significantly, indicating that the results obtained from the¹⁵N plot can be extrapolated to the rest of the field.     

苦参碱对大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内培养皿法,以清水和油菜素内酯作对比,分析不同浓度的苦参碱制剂浸种大麦种子对大麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长等形态指标,以及叶绿素和可溶性糖含量等的影响。结果表明,苦参碱对大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着苦参碱质量浓度的增大,大麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,以100 mg/L处理各指标最好。此外,100 mg/L苦参碱浸种处理对大麦幼苗各项指标的影响与25 mg/L油菜素内酯相似或比25 mg/L油菜素内酯好。     

Effect of adding and removing N-glycosylation recognition sites on the thermostability of barley alpha-glucosidase

The thermostability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during the industrial production of beer and fuel ethanol typically occurs at relatively high temperatures (60-75 degrees C). Barley (Hordeum vulgare) alpha-glucosidase is unstable at these elevated temperatures; however, the alpha-glucosidase from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is stable at these temperatures. An alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of barley and sugar beet alpha-glucosidases revealed considerable differences in the number and position of N-glycosylation recognition sites (NGRS). Other researchers have shown that additions or removals of NGRS resulted in either the stabilization or destabilization of the enzymes at elevated temperatures. NGRS present in the barley sequence and absent in the sugar beet sequence were removed via site-directed mutagenesis from the barley protein. Recognition sites absent in the barley sequence and present in the sugar beet sequence were added via mutagenesis into the barley alpha-glucosidase. Two mutations significantly increased thermostability, one mutation significantly decreased thermostability and five mutations had little effect on alpha-glucosidase thermostability.     

Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. I. Developing techniques and assessing allelopathy in barley

Allelopathic effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were assessed using modified bioassays that reduced other environmental influences. In a Petri dish bioassay, germination of white mustard was delayed and the radicle lengths were significantly inhibited at a density of 0.5 barley seed/cm². In a siphoning bioassay apparatus, when the two species were sown together, radicle elongation of white mustard was not inhibited one day after sowing but became increasingly inhibited as bioassay time increased. Barley allelochemicals were released from the roots in a hydroponic system for at least 70 days after commencement of barley germination. Solutions removed from the hydroponic system of growing barley delayed germination and inhibited growth of white mustard. The allelopathic activity of barley was further confirmed at a density of 0.3 barley seed/cm² in a modified stairstep apparatus.     

麦田草害及其化学防除

麦田杂草不仅种类多而且适应性广，抗逆性强，严重威胁着大，小麦生产。麦田化学除草，首先要正确选用对口除草剂品种，提高整地和施药质量。     

青稞秸秆化学成分及纤维形态研究

对青稞秸秆的化学成分、纤维形态进行了实验分析。结果表明:青稞秸秆中含灰分较高,为10.34%,木质素、纤维素等含量均与一般麦草相仿。从纤维形态来看,较普通麦草更加细小。青稞秸秆纤维中长度0～0.5 mm的占42.24%,0.5～1.5 mm的占47.49%,1.5～7.6 mm的占10.26%;数均长度0.38 mm。纤维的长宽比为20.32,壁腔比为0.45。