高细化合金耐磨球及制造方法

高细化合金耐磨球及制造方法，1．成份是碳、铬、锰、硅、钛、矾、铜、铝、硼、废钢和铸造号铁；2．工艺是将铸铁和废钢投入炉中溶化后加入锰、铬、铜、硅，然后对抬包底部的铝钛等元素冲溶，打渣后浇注、开模出球。这种铸球的金相组织是共晶碳化物加回火马氏体，洛氏硬度在54-55度。     

高导电性铝硅合金及其生产工艺

对影响铝硅合金导电性的工艺因素进行了研究。降低合金的钛、镁含量或变质处理均能够提高合金的导电性;晶粒细化处理降低合金的导电性;固溶处理显著降低合金的导电性;时效处理对导电性的影响不大。采用专门的热处理工艺,可使铝硅合金的电导率达到４１％ＩＡＣＳ以上,满足了输变电开关设备对铝合金性能的特殊要求     

汽车轮毂用新型铝硅镁系铸造铝合金耐磨性能研究

铝硅镁系铸造铝合金在汽车工业上应用非常广泛,汽车制造中轮毂用的材料几乎都采用铝硅镁系合金。以ZL101为基体添加了Cu、Si、Mg、Mn等多种合金元素形成一种新型铝硅镁系合金,对改良合金材料及基体材料在变换载荷及润滑状况的条件下进行摩擦磨损试验,对这两种材料的耐磨性进行研究,对磨件为淬火45钢。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,在干摩擦及油润滑摩擦条件下新型铝硅镁系铸造铝合金的耐磨性和减摩性均优于对比材料ZL101合金。     

新型铝硅钛压铸合金的应用研究

研究了钛、稀土、铁等元素对压铸铝硅钛多元合金性能的影响,确定了钛、稀土和铁在该合金中的最佳含量。研究表明：铝硅钛多元合金用作压铸铝合金,具有成本低、性能优良、成分均匀、使用方便等优点。     

钛及钛合金分析方法

前言目前各国研制和生产的钛合金中包含有铝、铬、钒、铜、锰、钼、锡、钨、铌、钽、钴、镍、镁、铁、铋、锑、钯、镓、银、钙、硅等二十几个合金元素,铁、硅、氯、硼、磷、氮、氢、氧、碳、铅、锌、钇、砷等十几个杂质元素。它们的含量对钛及钛合     

铝中杂质对其性能的影响

一、合金元素的影响 铜元素 铝铜合金富铝部分在548℃时,铜在铝中的最大溶解度为 5.65%,温度降到302℃时,铜的溶解度为 0.45%.铜是重要的合金元素,有一定的固溶强化效果,此外时效析出的 CuAl2有着明显的时效强化效果.铝合金中铜含量通常在2.5% ~ 5%,铜含量在4%~6.8%时强化效果最好,所以大部分硬铝合金的含铜量处于这个范围.铝铜合金中可以含有较少的硅、镁、锰、铬、锌、铁等元素.     

均匀化处理对铝-锌-镁-钪铸态合金硬度和电导率的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、X射线衍射物相分析、扫描电子显微分析和透射电子显微分析技术,研究了不同均匀化处理条件下铝-锌-镁-钪合金组织和性能的变化规律,讨论了该铸态合金不同均匀化处理条件下显微组织结构演变与合金硬度和电导率之间的关系.结果表明,铝-锌-镁-钪铸态合金由α(Al) 基体和少量T(Mg 32(Al,Zn)49)相组成.铸态合金组织固溶体过饱和程度较高,合金硬度较高,电导率较低;随均匀化温度的升高,亚稳的过饱和固溶体先分解析出大量T相,后逐步回溶入基体固溶体中,基体固溶度先降低后增加,合金硬度先降而后升,电导率则先升而后降.更高温度下均匀化,晶粒粗化,合金硬度又下降.确定合金铸锭的理想均匀化工艺参数为470℃24 h.     

镁合金中硅的加入方法研究

研究硅以块状、粉状和铝-硅中间合金形式加入镁合金时的优缺点.结果表明,硅以粉状形式加入镁合金时,硅的吸收率达80%左右,而以铝-硅中间合金形式加入时,工艺简便,镁液质量较高,吸收率达70%左右.且硅以粉状形式加入镁合金时,形成的Mg2Si相尺寸较小,合金的基体晶粒较细.     

铝,铜,镁对铸态锌基合金组织和阻尼性能的影响

研究了铝、铜、镁等合金化元素对铸态锌基全金组织和室温下阻尼性能的影响，利用悬臂梁法测试了合 阻尼性能。结果表明，锌铝二元合金随含量增加，初生ａ相增多，共晶体逐渐减少直至消失。镁、铜等合金元素对Ｚｎ－２７％Ａｌ合金ａ相大小和分布无大的影响。镁、铜可固溶于基体中，当基个体户交高时，分别在组织中形成ＭｇＺｎ２化合物和ＣｕＺｎ５化合物，分布于晶界。铝含量在６－６０％范围内的铝合金在铸态下均具有高的阻尼能力     

熔炼工艺对Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca镁合金组织和性能的影响

探索了熔炼时元素的不同加入次序对Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca合金相组成的影响,并研究了该合金的组织和性能.结果表明:铸态Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca合金组织由α镁基体,β(锰)和颗粒状的Mg2Si组成.熔炼时先加锰后加硅时,合金中含α-Mg、Mg2Si、MnSi和β(Mn)相,Mg2Si相较少.先加硅后加锰时,合金中只含α-Mg、Mg2Si和β(Mn)相.熔炼时先加硅后加锰的合金硬度明显高于先加锰后加硅的合金.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.