用于改进冶金炉工艺控制的VAI-CON TemP温度连续监测系统

奥钢联成功开发出用于冶金炉连续测温的VAI－CONTemp系统，并在工业生产条件下的KMS、AOD和LD转炉以及真空脱气设备上进行了充分测试，证明为炼钢工艺控制提供了巨大潜力。VAI－CONTemp连续测温系统可在整个炼钢周期内提供高精度的温度结果，完全取代传统的非连续式测温技术。     

新型室温磁热效应直接测量仪研制

采用冷阱技术、高精度温度传感器与高精度测量仪表、制冷/制热功率连续调节技术以及磁场系统可更换方式研制了一台新型室温磁热效应测量仪。该测量仪具有测温温域宽、测温精度高、控温平稳、磁场系统可更换等优点。测量范围-50～70℃,测量精度达到0.01℃,磁场系统为0.8～1.8 T可更换。可用于室温磁制冷材料性能基础研究工作和磁制冷工质的选用。     

热电偶测温中的误差校正方法

通常,温度参数的测量，一般只能根据某些物质的物理特性与温度之间的函数关系．通过对这些特殊参数的间接测量而获得。换句话说，温度测量是一种非电量的电测技术。在多种多样的测温方法中,用热电偶测温是最常用的。热电偶是基于物体的热电效应．把温度信号转换成电压信号。这种测温不仅可远距离传递和记录，也可集中测量和控制,但在实际使用时，特别是在高精度多点测温系统中。参比端温度的补偿、非线性样正和整个系统零位的变化等许多因素都会直接影响其精度。对于这些问题的正确分析和合理解决,对进一步减少测量误差、提高热电偶的测温性能和对现代智能测温仪的设计将至关重要。     

吉林夹皮沟金矿大朝阳沟区找矿方向探讨

吉林夹皮沟金矿自1820年以来,已经有200年的历史,虽然开采时间久远,但仍具有巨大的找矿潜力。本文通过在夹皮沟金矿大朝阳沟区域野外地质工作的基础上,结合高精度磁法测量与岩屑地球化学测量等勘查手段,探讨该区的找矿方向。     

焦炉炉顶自动测温技术应用及探讨

介绍了焦炉测温的几种方法，对比分析了几种测温方式的误差，阐述了红外线测温的原理和目前自动测温的缺陷，提出今后实现焦炉自动测温的发展方向及思路。     

热电偶测温误差分析

针对工业加热炉，详细分析了热电偶测温过程，由于热电偶热端与炉墙内表面之间的辐射换热，以及热电偶本身因热端和冷端温度不同造成的导热总是存在，因此热电偶测温存在误差。本文从理论上分析了热电偶测温误差的来源，提出了热电偶测温误差计算模型，并导出了测温误差的近似计算公式，还结合实例讨论了减小测温误差的措施。     

智能钢水测温仪的改进设计

简述热电偶的高精度测温原理,着重分析利用二次查表法进行热电势和非线性校正和冷端温度补偿方法.并对智能钢水测温仪的现场标定问题进行分析.     

十字测温技术在武钢双钟炉顶高炉上的应用

在吸收国内外无钟炉顶高温十字测温经验的基础上，武钢在４座双钟炉顶高炉上采用了十字测温技术，武钢双钟炉顶高炉十字测温技术的主要特点是：在测温探杆上安装了保护梁；测温探杆采用高压水冷却；探杆伸入炉内时与水平方向有一夹角；测量数据可输入计算机，随时显示。实践表明，十字测温装置在武钢４座高炉上使用情况良好，测温数据准确，操作者已将它作为调剂炉况的重要参数。     

RV19型连续混捏冷却机测温装置国产化改造

分析RV19型连续混捏冷却机进口热电阻测温装置存在的缺陷，介绍了采用红外测温系统测温的改造方案，实现了国产红外测温装置在线快速测定碳阳极糊料温度的目的。     

高炉十字测温梁应用初步分析

介绍了南钢３５０ｍ＾３，高炉炉喉十字测温梁在生产中的应用，不同料制下十字测温的温度分布，定点布料时的十字测温温度，并提供了参考数据。     

Olfactory identification deficits in Down's syndrome and idiopathic mental retardation

We investigated olfactory identification in children and adults with Down's syndrome (DS) and idiopathic mental retardation (IMR) and in age-matched normal controls (NC). Identification was assessed with a four alternative-forced-choice task modified from the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (M-UPSIT) and a yes/no task yielding measures of discrimination and response bias for the same stimulus material. Control tactile identification tasks were also administered. Results were that odor identification performance on both tasks was specifically impaired in DS compared to IMR and NC. Accuracy of identification on the M-UPSIT correlated inversely with age in DS only. When uncertain, DS and IMR subjects guessed "yes" more often than "no" on the Yes/No task (liberal decision bias) and guessed the last response alternative on the M-UPSIT (recent position bias), whereas the normal subjects had neutral decision bias on the Yes/No task and matched the objective position presentation probabilities on the M-UPSIT. Decision bias correlated with accuracy of identification in both tasks for the DS subjects only.     

Renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in genetically salt-sensitive hypertensive rats

-Renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II (11beta-HSDII) converts glucocorticoids into inactive metabolites and plays an important role in controlling blood pressure and sodium retention. To examine whether this enzyme may be involved in the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension, we determined 11beta-HSDII activity and mRNA levels in the blood vessel and kidney of Dahl Iwai salt-sensitive (DS) rats and Dahl Iwai salt-resistant (DR) rats. Urinary free corticosterone:free 11-dehydrocorticosterone ratio was measured to estimate renal 11beta-HSD activity. Vascular 11beta-HSDII activity was expressed as percent conversion of [3H]corticosterone to [3H]11-dehydrocorticosterone in homogenized mesenteric arteries. 11beta-HSDII mRNA was estimated with the use of competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Renal 11beta-HSDII activity and mRNA levels were significantly decreased in 8- and 12-week-old high salt DS rats compared with DR, Sprague-Dawley (SD), or low salt DS rats of the same age. Decreased 11beta-HSDII activity and mRNA levels in mesenteric arteries were observed in 8- and 12-week-old high salt DS rats. Urinary excretion of 11beta-HSDII inhibitory factors was measured by inhibition of enzyme activity in microsomes from human kidney. The urinary inhibitors were significantly increased in 8- and 12-week-old high salt DS rats compared with DR, SD, or low salt DS rats of the same age. There were no significant differences in 11beta-HSDII activity and mRNA levels in mesenteric arteries and kidney or in urinary inhibitors between 4-week-old DS, DR, and SD rats. These results indicate that 11beta-HSDII may play a role in salt sensitivity and development of hypertension in the DS rat.     

Reactivated herpes simplex virus infection as a possible cause of dry socket after tooth extraction

This study was designed to evaluate a possible association between reactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection after lower third molar extraction and development of dry socket (DS). The HSV-1 antibody response was analyzed before and after tooth removal by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting in 208 patients. History of previous possible oral herpes reactivation was evaluated by a questionnaire that was based on self-rated frequency of oral cold sores. Tobacco users were identified. The anatomic proximity of the root apex to the mandibular nerve canal was classified radiographically before extraction. Fifteen patients (7%) developed DS after tooth extraction. Eleven of the 15 DS patients (73%) were HSV seropositive as compared with 7 of 15 (47%) in the matched control group. Seven of the 11 seropositive DS patients have shown HSV-1 reactivation by an increase of specific polypeptides, predominantly gB, gC, gD and ICP 4 and 6, in the immunoblot test. No change in HSV-1 reactivity was observed in control sera. DS patients reported a high frequency of oral cold sores (64%) compared with the controls (33%). Tobacco use was not found to influence the frequency of cold sores or the development of DS. A close radiographic proximity between the mandibular canal and root apex was more common (P < .05) in DS patients. The results indicate that extraction of a mandibular third molar could be a possible cause of reactivation and recurrence of an HSV-1 infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Digit span: An indicant of trait or state anxiety?

Clinical psychologists generally interpret lower scores on Digit Span (DS) relative to other Wechsler subtests as indicating anxiety. Research findings on this topic are inconsistent and difficult to interpret because of ambiguity with regard to the concept of anxiety. A conception of anxiety is proposed that elaborates on the distinction, initially proposed by R. B. Cattell and I. H. Scheirer (see 36:1) between anxiety as a transitory state (A-state) and as a relatively stable personality trait (A-trait). The relationship between DS performance and measures of A-trait (Taylor MA scale) and A-state (Zuckerman Adjective Checklist) for 72 male undergraduates is evaluated. Ss reporting high levels of A-state showed significant decrements in DS performance. There was no difference in the DS performance of high- and low-A-trait Ss. (25 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Persistence of inaccurate beliefs about the self: Perseverance effects in the classroom.

52 high school students were first exposed to either highly effective or thoroughly useless filmed instruction, leading, respectively, to their consequent success or failure. No-discounting (ND) Ss received no assistance in recognizing the relative superiority or inferiority of their instruction. Discounting (DS) Ss, by contrast, were subsequently shown the other instructional film, highlighting the obvious differences in instructional quality. Subsequent measures revealed that all Ss recognized the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of their instruction, although this contrast was clearer for DS Ss. Nevertheless, both DS and ND Ss continued to draw unwarranted inferences—in line with their initial outcomes—about their personal capacities. Dissociated and disguised measures of academic preferences and perceptions completed weeks later showed that the continuing impact of initial outcomes was generally greater for DS than for ND Ss. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceptual separability, decisional separability, and the identification-speeded classification relationship

Three observers participated in several sessions of identification and speeded classification. Predictions from F. G. Ashby and W. T. Maddox's (1994a) response time (RT) theory of speeded classification were tested. A key theoretical concept is decisional separability (DS), that is, that the decision about the level of 1 component does not depend on the perceived value of the other component. The theory predicted that DS would hold in the filtering task but would be violated in the redundancy task, resulting in the redundancy gains. To summarize the results, (a) DS held in the filtering conditions, but not in the redundancy conditions; (b) redundancy gains occurred; (c) despite the redundancy gains, strong evidence was obtained that the stimulus components are perceptually separable; (d) 2 new models that each assumed RT decreases with the distance between the percept and the decision bound provided good accounts of the RT distributions and accuracy rates; and (e) the shift from identification to speeded classification influenced both perceptual and decisional processes.     

Perceptual separability, decisional separability, and the identification–speeded classification relationship.

Three observers participated in several sessions of identification and speeded classification. Predictions from F. G. Ashby and W. T. Maddox's (1994a) response time (RT) theory of speeded classification were tested. A key theoretical concept is decisional separability (DS), that is, that the decision about the level of 1 component does not depend on the perceived value of the other component. The theory predicted that DS would hold in the filtering task but would be violated in the redundancy task, resulting in redundancy gains. To summarize the results, (a) DS held in the filtering conditions, but not in the redundancy conditions; (b) redundancy gains occurred; (c) despite the redundancy gains, strong evidence was obtained that the stimulus components are perceptually separable; (d) 2 new models that each assumed RT decreases with the distance between the percept and the decision bound provided good accounts of the RT distributions and accuracy rates; and (e) the shift from identification to speeded classification influenced both perceptual and decisional processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the relationship between knowledge and memory for pictures: evidence from the study of patients with semantic dementia and Alzheimer''s disease

Bladder drainage by the duodenal segment (DS) technique is currently the preferred method of pancreas transplantation (PTX) but is associated with unique complications. Over a 7-year period, 191 diabetic patients underwent 201 whole-organ PTXs with bladder drainage using a 6 to 8 cm length of DS as an exocrine conduit. A retrospective chart review was performed to document all DS morbidity. DS complications occurred in 38 cases (19%). Twelve patients developed DS leaks and required operative repair. DS bleeding was documented in 26 cases, necessitating cystoscopy in 22 patients and open repair in eight patients for significant hematuria. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) duodenitis was diagnosed in seven cases, with four presenting as DS leaks and three with hematuria. Five patients experienced ampullary obstruction early after PTX. Rejection of the DS was confirmed by biopsy in 13 patients, including eight cases of acute and five cases of chronic rejection. Two patients had stone formation from the DS staple line. Enteric conversion was performed in five patients for DS abnormalities (leaks in 2 cases, bleeding in 2, and CMV duodenitis in 1). Among patients with DS complications, patient survival is 84% and pancreas graft survival is 68% after a mean follow-up of 44+/-12 months. Complications related to the DS remain an important source of morbidity but rarely cause death after PTX. In spite of unique side effects, transplantation of the DS remains an acceptable alternative for exocrine drainage after PTX.     

Selective cytotoxicity of dermaseptin S3 toward intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum and the underlying molecular basis

The antimicrobial activity of various naturally occurring microbicidal peptides was reported to result from their interaction with microbial membrane. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the hemolytic peptide dermaseptin S4 (DS4) and the nonhemolytic peptide dermaseptin S3 (DS3) toward human erythrocytes infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Both DS4 and DS3 inhibited the parasite's ability to incorporate [3H]hypoxanthine. However, while DS4 was toxic toward both the parasite and the host erythrocyte, DS3 was toxic only toward the intraerythrocytic parasite. To gain insight into the mechanism of this selective cytotoxicity, we labeled the peptides with fluorescent probes and investigated their organization in solution and in membranes. In Plasmodium-infected cells, rhodamine-labeled peptides interacted directly with the intracellular parasite, in contrast to noninfected cells, where the peptides remained bound to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Binding experiments to phospholipid membranes revealed that DS3 and DS4 had similar binding characteristics. Membrane permeation studies indicated that the peptides were equally potent in permeating phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine vesicles, whereas DS4 was more permeative with phosphatidylcholine vesicles. In aqueous solutions, DS4 was found to be in a higher aggregation state. Nevertheless, both DS3 and DS4 spontaneously dissociated to monomers upon interaction with vesicles, albeit with different kinetics. In light of these results, we propose a mechanism by which dermaseptins permeate cells and affect intraerythrocytic parasites.     

Potassium-evoked directionally selective responses from rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Previous studies have shown that directionally selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells cannot only discriminate the direction of a moving object but they can also discriminate the sequence of two flashes of light at neighboring locations in the visual field: that is, the cells elicit a DS response to both real and apparent motion. This study examines whether a DS response can be elicited in DS ganglion cells by simply stimulating two neighboring areas of the retina with high external K+. Extracellular recordings were made from ON-OFF DS ganglion cells in superfused rabbit retinas, and the responses of these cells to focal applications of 100 mM KCl to the vitreal surface of the retina were measured. All cells produced a burst of spikes (typically lasting 50-200 ms) when a short pulse (10-50 ms duration) of KCl was ejected from the tip of a micropipette that was placed within the cell's receptive field. When KCl was ejected successively from the tips of two micropipettes that were aligned along the preferred-null axis of a cell, sequence-dependent responses were observed. The response to the second micropipette was suppressed when mimicking motion in the cell's null direction, whereas an enhancement during apparent motion in the opposite direction frequently occurred. Sequence discrimination in these cells was eliminated by the GABA antagonist picrotoxin and by the Ca(2+)-channel blocker omega-conotoxin MVIIC, two drugs that are known to abolish directional selectivity in these ganglion cells. The spatiotemporal properties of the K(+)-evoked sequence-dependent responses are described and compared with previous findings on apparent motion responses of ON-OFF DS ganglion cells.