A Fully Bidirectional 2.4-GHz Wireless-Over-Fiber System Using Photonic Active Integrated Antennas (PhAIAs)

This paper describes a low-cost scheme for implementing in-building distributed antenna systems using the photonic-active-integrated-antenna (PhAIA) concept, whereby photonic devices are integrated directly with planar antennas. Deembedded input impedance is measured for an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and photodiode from 0-10 GHz, and the devices are matched directly to the nonradiating edge of a rectangular-microstrip-patch antenna. Link gain, 1-dB compression point, and spurious-free dynamic range are measured in the links. The fully bidirectional system, which is far from being completely optimized, is then tested over a 300-m laboratory-based multimode fiber link and a 220-m in-building dark-fiber link. Results are shown for throughput and signal-to-noise ratio, and this paper shows that such systems can achieve up to 10-m RF range, at reduced throughput, with no RF amplification.     

Architectural considerations for photonic switching networks

Photonic technologies are reviewed that could become important components of future telecommunication systems. Photonic devices and systems are divided into two classes according to the function they perform. The first class, relational, refers to devices, that map the input channels to the output channels under external control. The second class, logic, perform some type or combination of Boolean logic functions. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of operating in the photonic domain are presented. Relational devices and their applications are discussed. Optical logic devices and their potential applications are reviewed     

光子晶体的Smith-Purcell效应探讨

光子晶体是一种具有光子能带和能隙的一种新型材料,其典型结构为一个折射率周期变化的物体,周期为光波长量级。光子在这类材料中的作用类似于电子在凝聚态物质中的作用,应用前景极为广泛,将是新一代的光子器件的基础。而太赫兹也是近年来大家关注的波段,本文就研究光子晶体的Smith—Purcell效应出发,看其辐射频率,探求能否通过这种效应制作太赫兹源,并从Magic模拟得出了一些数据,说明可行。     

Recent Progresses and Future Prospects of Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals, in which the refractive index changes periodically, provide an exciting new tool for the manipulation of photons and have received keen interest from a variety of fields. This paper reviews the recent progress and future prospects of photonic crystals and their applications to photonic-nanostructure devices     

光子晶体及二维光子晶体波导

光子晶体是一种新兴的光学材料,其各种优异的光学特性可以用来制作所需要的光子晶体器件,。本文介绍了一维、二维、三维光子晶体的结构、特性及其主要的理论研究方法、实验制备方法,并着重阐述了二维光子晶体波导的特性及其制备方法及国内外研究进展。     

PBG结构在微带有源天线中的应用

微带有源天线的应用具有降低通信系统的复杂度、减小系统尺寸的优点,但由于天线与有源器件集成在一起,有源器件产生的谐波可以引起天线的伪辐射。该文研究了PBG(Photonic Band-Gap)结构在有源天线中的应用。计算和实验结果都表明PBG结构的应用可以大大降低谐波引起的辐射,从而改善了系统的性能。     

光子晶体的研究进展

光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的周期性电介质结构,落在光子带隙中的光不能传播.由于其独特的调节光子传播状态的功能,成为实现光通讯和光子计算机的基础.光子晶体的制备是发展光子晶体的关键,而可见光和近红外波段光子晶体的制备更是难点.本文阐述了光子晶体的概念及其特性后,分别介绍了光子晶体的实验研究和应用研究.实验研究重点介绍了光子晶体的制备方法.应用研究重点介绍了单模发光二极管光、光波导器件和微波天线等.     

相对强度噪声对微波光子链路性能影响规律研究

激光器的相对强度噪声(RIN)在微波光子链路中转换为噪声功率,进而影响链路的动态范围.文章建立了基本结构的非相干和相干微波光子链路的动态范围(SFDR)模型,并通过仿真对比分析了激光器的RIN对这两种链路结构的影响.在光器件的性能水平较低时,非相干微波光子链路能获得更大的SFDR;随着光器件性能水平的提升,相干微波光子链路的SFDR将超过非相干微波光子链路.而在目前典型的器件参数条件下,两种链路的理论SFDR都能达到120 dB·Hz2/3左右.     

Comparative analysis of microwave photonic links based on different modulators using polarizers

Photonic Network Communications - This paper provides an overview of linearization of two different microwave photonic links based on phase modulator and dual-electrode Mach–Zehnder...     

Analysis of Antennas with PBG Substrate

The use of photonic materials has been used in the theory of optical waves. The PBG (Photonic Band Gap) theory and material, was developed recently for optical frequencies and can be easily applied to millimeter waves, microwaves and planar antenna frequencies. The presence of photonic materials as substrate in antennas has some good characteristics such as, supression of light spontaneous emission and suppression of surface waves, allowing the application in planar antenna array. In this work an elaborate analysis using the full wave Transverse Transmission Line - TTL method, that provides efficient and concise results is applied to the planar antennas array with PBG substrate.     

Si基光子晶体的制备与器件应用

光子晶体是近十年来迅速发展起来的一种新型人工结构的功能材料。本文简要介绍了Si基光子晶体的主要特点;着重介绍了Si基光子晶体的几种主要制备方法,如精细干式蚀刻法、胶质晶体模板法、宏观多孔Si的电化学腐蚀、多光子聚合法和核壳结构纳米晶粒镶嵌法等;概要介绍了Si基光子晶体在Si基发光器件和Si基光波导器件中的应用。对目前存在的问题进行了讨论,并展望了它的未来发展趋势。     

B-ISDN waits for photonics to deliver

A variety of photonic switching techniques have been studied from the viewpoint of expanding switching-mode throughput. The basic issue discussed is how the high bandwidths of optical devices can be applied to switching nodes. It is shown that a high time-domain bandwidth allows high-speed signal transmission without waveform distortion, a high frequency-domain bandwidth allows a system to accommodate a large number of channels, which results in a high-capacity system, and a high space-domain bandwidth allows high-density interconnections in free space and resolves the pin-out bottleneck of LSIs and multichip modules (MCMs). Photonic space-division switching, photonic ATM switching, photonic frequency-division switching, and photonic free-space switching methods are described     

Cavities of crystal light [photonic crystal microcavities]

This paper presents the characteristics of photonic crystal microcavity light sources. Microcavities with dimensions on the scale of the wavelength of light are being extensively investigated due to their ability to exhibit enhanced spontaneous emission, directional output, and single-mode operation. Photonic crystals, which are the optical analog of semiconductors in electronic devices, are capable of controlling the properties of light by confining photons in one, two, or three dimensions. The technology to fabricate photonic crystals at the optical-wavelength scale (i.e., feature sizes at the submicron scale) has only very recently been achieved. Single or multiple defects in the photonic crystals act as microcavities with dimensions on the order of the wavelength of light and have emerged as the preferred way to obtain defect-free optical microcavities. The authors have been investigating electrically injected photonic crystal microcavities, and these devices are described in this paper. Electrically injected microcavities offer the advantage of possible integration with current optoelectronic circuits and devices. Also, arrays of such devices can be fabricated when electrically controlled. Electrically injected photonic crystal microcavity light sources may also realize high-efficiency single-mode LEDs.     

Photonic density of states maps for design of photonic crystal devices

In this work, it has been investigated whether photonic density of states maps can be applied to the design of photonic crystal-based devices. For this reason, comparison between photonic density of states maps and transmittance maps was carried out. Results of comparison show full correspondence between these characteristics. Photonic density of states maps appear to be preferable for the design of photonic crystal devices, than photonic band gap maps presented earlier and than transmittance maps shown in the paper.     

Quantum Dot Photonic Crystal Light Sources

The control and manipulation of light on a planar IC similar to that achieved for electrons in semiconductor chips on submicrometer and nanometerscales is an area of very active research today. While electronic device miniaturization is close to reaching its maximum possible potential, photonic devices have unique properties that have yet to be exploited. With increasing advances in nanofabrication techniques and the understanding of optical properties of semiconductors, several optical devices such as lasers, detectors, interferometers,and waveguides have been constantly shrinking in size. We have achieved very high speed integrated optical devices at 10-100-/spl mu/m length scales. However, there is a need to further reduce the size of devices to make them competitive in size and cost to existing electronic devices and to utilize their potential and unique properties in a wide range of applications ranging from communications, displays to sensors. Photonic crystals have emerged as one of the best potential candidates that can achieve the goal of compact miniaturized photonic chips. In this paper, we describe the current efforts and advances made in the photonic crystal microcavity light sources and their future prospects.     

Photonic packet switches: architectures and experimentalimplementations

Photonic packet switches offer high speed, data rate and format transparency, and flexibility required by future computer communications and cell-based telecommunications networks. In this paper, we review experimental progress in state-of-the-art photonic packet switches with an emphasis on all-optical guided-wave systems. The term all-optical implies that the data portion of a packet remains in optical format from the source to the destination. While the data remain all-optical, both optical and optoelectronic techniques have been used to process packet routing functions based on extremely simple routing protocols. An overview of the design issues for all-optical photonic packet switching is given and contrasted with electronic packet switch implementations. Low-level functions that have been experimentally implemented include routing, contention resolution, synchronization, and header regeneration. System level demonstrations, including centralized photonic switching and distributed all-optical multihop networks, will be reviewed     

On superluminal tunneling

Photonic tunneling is currently of theoretical and applied interest. In a previous review, faster-than-light (i.e. superluminal) photonic tunneling was discussed (Progr. Quantum Electron. 21 (1997) 81). Recently, superluminal photonic pulse transmission and reflection have been measured at microwave and infrared frequencies. It seems clear that superluminal photonic and electronic devices will become a reality in the near future.

In the present report, we introduce new experimental and theoretical data on superluminal tunneling and reflection. Data of reflection by barriers have evidenced the nonlocal nature of tunneling. Asymmetric barriers have revealed a strange asymmetric reflection behavior in time.

The principle of causality is not violated by a superluminal speed even though the time duration between cause and effect can be shortened compared with a luminal interaction exchange. An empirical relationship independent of the barrier system is found for the photonic tunneling time. This relation seems to be universal for all kind of tunneling processes in the case of single opaque barriers. We show that the superluminal velocity can be applied to speed up photonic modulation and transmission as well as to improve microelectronic devices.     

Photonic downconversion for coherent phase-modulated radio-over-fiber links using free-running local oscillator

A digital coherent receiver employing photonic downconversion is presented and experimentally demonstrated for phase-modulated radio-over-fiber optical links. Photonic downconversion adds additional advantages to optical phase modulated links by allowing demodulation of signals with RF carrier frequencies exceeding the bandwidth of electrical analog-to-digital converter. High spurious-free dynamic range is observed for RF carriers at 5 GHz photonically downconverted to 1 GHz.     

Photonic switching fabrics

The strengths and limitations of the photonic technology are reviewed, beginning with the temporal bandwidth limitations of photonic devices and then focusing on spatial bandwidth, commonly referred to as the parallelism of optics, and how it can be used in photonic fabrics. Some of the proposed photonic switching fabrics that are based on guided-wave devices are discussed, comprising switching fabrics based on space channels, using directional couplers and optical amplifiers, and those based on time channels. The latter include active reconfigurable fabrics based on TDM, time-slot interchangers, and universal time slots, in addition to passive shared media fabrics. Some of the switching fabrics that have been proposed using wavelength channels are outlined, and multidimensional fabrics are briefly reviewed. Photonic switching fabrics based on free-space devices are described, covering free-space relational switching fabrics, the basic hardware required for digital free-space optical fabrics, and digital free-space switching fabrics     

Organic Field Effect Transistor-Based Photonic Synapses: Materials,Devices, and Applications

Photonic artificial synapses-based neuromorphic computing systems have been regarded as promising candidates for replacing von Neumann-based computing systems due to the high bandwidth, ultrafast signal transmission, low energy consumption, and wireless communication. Although significant progress has been made in developing varied device structures for synaptic emulation, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) hold the compelling advantages of facile preparation, liable integration, and versatile structures. As a powerful and effective platform for photonic synapses, OFETs can fulfill not only the simulation of simple synaptic functions, but also complex photoelectric dual modulation and simulation of the visual system. Herein, an overview of OFET-based photonic synapses, including functional materials, device configurations, and innovative applications is provided. Meanwhile, rules for selecting materials, mechanism of photoelectric conversion, and fabrication techniques of devices are also highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities are all discussed, providing solid guidance for multilevel memory, multi-functional tandem artificial neural system, and artificial intelligence.