城市有机垃圾厌氧干发酵研究

在２０－５０％ ＴＳ浓度下，采用厌氧消化污泥作接种物，ＴＳ量与接种物量之比为１０：１，可保证有机垃圾厌氧消化过程正常进行。这时垃圾的生物降解量、产沼气量和产甲烷量均随ＴＳ浓度的增高而降低，ＴＳ浓度为５０％时降低幅度最大。产甲烷过程，挥发酸量和每克ＴＳ和ＶＳ的产气量均与ＴＳ浓度有关。     

厌氧干发酵技术研究进展

厌氧干发酵技术正逐渐成为世界各国处理有机同体废弃物以及生产新能源的重要选择.文章综述了厌氧干发酵机制以及厌氧干发酵工艺在发酵底物的选取、预处理、接种、发酵过程管理等方面的研究进展,总结了该技术在基础研究和实际应用中存在的一些问题,展望了其发展前景.     

车库型干法沼气工程高效自控系统的设计

阐述了车库型干法沼气工程的利弊,基于对此类工程的深入分析探讨,设计出一套高效可行的自动监控系统,通过系统与工程的结合,完全可解决车库型干法沼气工程主要的技术难题,为干法沼气工程在我国的引入及开展提供了相关的参考依据.     

论太阳能与车库型干法沼气工程的完美结合

结合传统太阳能热利用工程与德国车库型干法沼气工程,设计出利用太阳能为沼气工程增温的太阳能沼气系统,并以高寒地区哈尔滨为例,对系统进行了初步估算。结果表明,车库型干法沼气工程适合与太阳能热利用工程实现一体化,结合太阳能热利用工程后该系统年可节约标煤159.6t,同时为系统的稳定运行提供了能源保障。     

城市有机生活垃圾高温厌氧转化生物质能研究

在国内外已有的研究基础上,对城市有机生活垃圾的高温厌氧（批量）消化工艺实验进行了初步探索,研究了在55℃的高温条件下累积产气量与消化时间的关系,C／N比与产气量的关系,消化过程中pH值变化,并研究了垃圾高温发酵实验过程中沼气中的CH4和CO2的含量变化,其中甲烷含量最高可达75．3％。实验结果表明,城市生活垃圾高温消化的降解效果较好,产气量较高,启动时间短。     

城市的垃圾处理技术

法国正在开发新的城市垃圾处理技术,以替代生活垃圾的焚烧和填埋.用甲烷化处理有机垃圾,用机械化的方法对包装材料进行分拣,对于环境和经济来说都是很有前途的方法.     

城市有机垃圾发酵工艺研究

用先好氧后厌氧发酵，两步发酵和高固体浓度发酵三种方法对城市有机垃圾厌氧产甲烷进行了研究。结果表明：前者具有启动快，产气量高，处理周期短等优点。而直接采用厌氧发酵，由于挥发酸大量积累，启动困难，产气量少。采用两步法发酵可显著提高挥发酸和甲烷产量，还能提高城市固体废物的生物降解率。Ｔｓ在２０％－５０％以下时高固体浓度发酵能正常产甲烷，最终ＰＨ和挥发酸均正常。在此范围内随着Ｔｓ的增大甲烷产量逐渐减少。Ｔ     

Hydrogen production characteristics of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes by anaerobic mixed culture fermentation

The hydrogen production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) by anaerobic mixed culture fermentation was investigated using batch experiments at 37 °C. Seven varieties of typical individual components of OFMSW including rice, potato, lettuce, lean meat, oil, fat and banyan leaves were selected to estimate the hydrogen production potential. Experimental results showed that the boiling treated anaerobic sludge was effective mixed inoculum for fermentative hydrogen production from OFMSW. Mechanism of fermentative hydrogen production indicates that, among the OFMSW, carbohydrates is the most optimal substrate for fermentative hydrogen production compared with proteins, lipids and lignocelluloses. This conclusion was also substantiated by experimental results of this study. The hydrogen production potentials of rice, potato and lettuce were 134 mL/g-VS, 106 mL/g-VS, and 50 mL/g-VS respectively. The hydrogen percentages of the total gas produced from rice, potato and lettuce were 57–70%, 41–55% and 37–67%.     

Optimization of hydrogen production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) dry anaerobic digestion with analysis of microbial community

Effect of mixed culture bacteria (MCB) addition, initial substrate concentration to inoculum (S_o/X_o), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the hydrogen production (HP) from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) via dry anaerobic digestion was investigated. The results showed that supplementation of OFMSW with MCB substantially improved hydrogen yield (HY) and HP. HYs were 306.2 ± 33.0, 149.8 ± 16.6, and 155.3 ± 22.9 ml_H2/gCOD_removed for OFMSW supplemented with MCB, OFMSW, and MCB, respectively. HP at S_o/X_o ratio of 9.2 g_COD/g_VSS was 3.1 times higher than those obtained at S_o/X_o ratio of 1.7 g_COD/g_VSS. The maximum HY of 338.4 ± 18.9 ml_H2/gCOD_removed was achieved at S_o/X_o ratio of 9.2 g_COD/g_VSS. The HP and HY were substantially increased from 169.7 ± 17.1 to 524.2 ± 34.4 ml and from 163.1 ± 23.6 to 338.4 ± 18.9 ml_H2/gCOD_removed with increasing the C/N from 16 to 25, respectively. However, HP and HY decreased at C/N ratio exceeding 26.6. The modified Gompertz equation model was highly fitted to the experimental data with correlation coefficient (R² > 0.984). The 16S rRNA sequences showed the dominance of Pseudomonas fulva with similarity of 99%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有机生活垃圾高温干式厌氧处理技术探讨

分析了城市生活垃圾厌氧消化的基本原理和高温干式厌氧消化工艺，温度对干式厌氧消化的影响，随着固含率的升高，中低温已不能满足厌氧消化的要求。对城市生活垃圾的湿式／干式厌氧消化工艺进行了比较，同时介绍了干式厌氧消化／好氧堆肥工艺。厌氧生物处理技术是进行城市生活垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化处理，实现垃圾循环利用的较好的方法。     

干式厌氧发酵技术现状与国内应用项目简介

针对当前农业、工业及城市排放中的大量高浓度有机固体废弃物须要进行无害化处理和资源化利用的问题,文章从生物无害化处理的角度对当前的应用技术进行了探讨.从厌氧消化项目示范角度分析了国内外干式厌氧发酵技术工艺研究现状,并结合当前干法发酵工艺及反应器开发的进展,列举了在国内稳定运行的3个干式发酵案例,对各发酵工艺的优缺点进行了...     

Evaluation of pretreatment methods on harvesting hydrogen producing seeds from anaerobic digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)

In order to harvest high-efficient hydrogen producing seeds, five pretreatment methods (including acid, heat, sonication, aeration and freeze/thawing) were performed on anaerobic digested sludge (AS) which was collected from a batch anaerobic reactor for treating organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The hydrogen production tests were conducted in serum bottles containing 20 gVS/L (24.8 g COD/L) mixture of rice and lettuce powder at 37 °C. The experimental results showed that the heat and acid pretreatment completely repressed the methanogenic activity of AS, but acid pretreatment also partially repressed hydrogen production. Sonication, freeze/thawing and aeration did not completely suppress the methanogen activity. The highest hydrogen yields were 119.7, 42.2, 26.0, 23.0, 22.7 and 22.1 mL/gVS for heated, acidified, freeze/thawed, aerated, sonicated and control AS respectively. A pH of about 4.9 was detected at the end of hydrogen producing fermentation for all tests. The selection of an initial pH can markedly affect the hydrogen producing ability for heated and acidified AS. The higher initial pH generated higher hydrogen yield and the highest hydrogen yield was obtained with initial pH 8.9 for heated AS.     

城市生活垃圾和污水厂剩余污泥联合厌氧消化产气性能研究

以城市生活垃圾和污水厂剩余污泥为消化原料,在中温(35℃)条件下,采用序批式厌氧消化方式,研究了生活垃圾和剩余污泥不同混合比例下的厌氧消化产气性能,以及不同原料配比对厌氧消化过程及消化效率的影响。按照生活垃圾和剩余污泥VS比分别为1∶0(R1),2∶1(R2),1∶1(R3),1∶2(R4)和0∶1(R5),试验设置了5个试验组。研究结果表明:两种物料混合后有助于提高消化效果和产气性能,其中,当城市生活垃圾和剩余污泥VS比为2∶1时,系统厌氧消化效果最好,VS去除率为35.98%,单位VS产气量为348.84 m L/g,产气中甲烷含量为53.8%,消化时间较单纯生活垃圾厌氧消化缩短了9 d。说明一定比例的生活垃圾和剩余污泥联合厌氧消化是提高厌氧消化效率的有效途径。     

Pilot-scale high solids thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste with an emphasis on nutrient requirements

A pilot study was conducted to assess the biodegradable organic fraction of municipal solid waste (BOF/MSW) as a substrate in a high-solids anaerobic digestion process. Results obtained indicate that a typical BOF/MSW in the United States is deficient in most macro and micro-nutrients required for robust and stable digestion. The BOF/MSW was supplemented with nutrient-rich organic wastes such as wastewater treatment plant sludges, dairy manure, and synthetic chemical solutions to correct nutritional deficiencies. The combined addition of wastewater treatment plant sludge and dairy manure to a typical BOF/MSW significantly elevated the gas production rate and enhanced the process stability. Microbial nutrient requirements are identified and nutrient concentrations for stable operation are quantified.