新型镍基高温合金长期时效后的组织稳定性及高温性能

利用扫描电镜研究了一种在Nimonic 263合金基础上开发的新型镍基高温合金在850℃长期时效后的组织稳定性及高温性能.结果表明:合金在850℃时效 4 000 h后,主要析出相为γ'相、MC和微量的M23C6;合金时效 4 000 h后未出现长条状的η相,没有发现脆化相δ相的析出,表明合金的组织是稳定的;新合金持久强度比原合金有明显提高.     

长期时效镍基高温合金的组织与力学性能

对经过标准热处理Inconel751合金,在700℃和850℃进行长时间的时效处理,测试常温和高温下合金的力学性能,对组织和断口进行观察.结果表明,在700℃时效时,合金的硬度、冲击和室温/高温拉伸强度较为稳定,合金的塑性在整个时效过程中无明显变化;在850℃时效初期,合金硬度和室温/高温拉伸强度明显降低,塑性有所升高,500 h～1 000 h基本保持稳定;在整个时效过程中室温冲击吸收功迅速增加,表现出较强的塑性.在730℃/430 MPa条件下持久寿命呈明显下降趋势.对各性能测试断口观察发现,700℃时效合金主要以沿晶断裂方式为主,经850℃时效后的试样断口分布有一定的韧窝.     

同步冷却热成形+时效后AA2024铝合金的 显微组织及拉伸性能

在435～505℃下对H18态AA2024铝合金板料进行同步冷却热成形,并在150～230℃下时效处理4～12h,研究了时效后的显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明:同步冷却热成形+时效后,试验合金中的主要强化相为Al_2CuMg相;随时效温度的升高,Al_2CuMg相的尺寸增大、数量变多,时效时间对该相的影响较小;试验合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度随成形温度的升高而增大,随时效温度的升高先增大后减小;在成形温度不高于475℃条件下,试验合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度随时效时间的延长呈先增大后降低的变化趋势,并在时效8h时达到峰值,在成形温度高于475℃条件下,时效时间对合金强度的影响很小。     

新型单晶高温合金长期高温时效后的显微组织和高温拉伸性能

对一种新型单晶高温合金进行高温(1 100℃)时效,研究了不同时效时间(0,200,400,600,800,1 000h)对其显微组织和高温(1 100℃)拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:时效前后,该新型单晶高温合金的组织均主要由γ基体和γ′相组成;随着时效时间的延长,γ基体通道的宽度及γ′相的尺寸均增大;时效600h后,合金中析出与基体有明显取向关系的细针状TCP相,TCP相的析出量随着时效时间的延长而增加;单晶高温合金的高温屈服强度和抗拉强度均随着时效时间的延长而降低,断后伸长率和断面收缩率则先增大后减小;时效前后,单晶高温合金的拉伸断口均具有颈缩和韧窝特征,断裂机制均为韧窝断裂。     

700℃长时时效对LF2合金组织和高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了700℃长时时效对LF2合金组织及其高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:合金在700℃长时时效后存在γ′相、MC相、Laves相和σ相;γ′相呈小圆球状弥散分布于晶内,MC相和Laves相未聚集长大,σ相大量析出;MC相和Laves相对合金高温强度的影响很小;γ′相是使合金具有良好高温强度的重要析出相;σ相的大量析出是合金高温屈服强度下降的主要原因。     

喷射态7075合金回归再时效工艺研究

针对传统回归再时效(Retrogression and re-aging,RRA)工艺并不能充分发挥合金综合性能的缺点,通过拉伸试验、电导率测试、透射电镜观察等手段,研究适合喷射成形7075铝合金的回归再时效处理工艺。结果表明:120℃,16 h的欠预时效处理更有利于合金晶内析出相在回归处理过程中的回溶,有利于合金再时效后强度的提升;200℃,8 min的回归处理可有效地粗化晶界析出相并使其断开明显,使合金的耐蚀性大幅提升;120℃再时效24 h可再次强化合金的力学性能。采用上述RRA处理工艺可得抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别为791 MPa、736 MPa、8.5%和22.9 MS/m的高性能喷射成形7075合金,比传统RRA处理的合金在强度与耐蚀性上均有明显提高。     

2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢锻件持久性能试验

对2. 25Cr-1Mo-0. 25V钢加氢筒体锻件的高温持久试验及试样的断口形貌进行检测,检测结果表明,随着应力水平的降低,持久时间明显延长;断口形貌规则、均匀,具有良好的持久塑性。经外推法计算,加氢锻件在482℃时的3×104h持久强度极限值为267. 8 MPa。     

高温时效对P92耐热钢持久性能的影响

将P92耐热钢在650℃分别时效600,1 200h后,再在170MPa,650℃下进行单轴拉伸蠕变试验,观察了时效和蠕变断裂后试验钢的显微组织,分析了其持久性能。结果表明:时效后试验钢中的板条马氏体发生粗化,组织中析出了Laves相,且时效时间越长,Laves相的数量越多、直径越大;蠕变断裂后,近断口组织中的板条马氏体均变为等轴状;时效后试验钢的蠕变断裂寿命缩短但蠕变断裂应变提高,持久性能下降;时效前后试验钢在蠕变过程中均发生了韧性断裂,时效后蠕变断口上的韧窝较小且较浅。     

WASPALOY合金长期时效过程中的组织演变和性能变化

研究了WASPALOY合金在高温长期时效过程中的组织演变和相关性能的变化。结果表明：合金在704℃时效后显微组织稳定性良好,大、小γ’相生长缓慢,在760℃时效后大γ’相趋于在晶界处聚集长大;室温冲击韧度随时效时间的延长整体下降,为韧性断裂;室温硬度随时效时间的延长而降低;室温拉伸强度和塑性不随时效时间的延长而变化。     

固溶处理工艺对HR3C奥氏体耐热钢组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、保温时间对固溶态及固溶+时效态HR3C奥氏体耐热钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢在1 150~1 200℃固溶处理30 min后的晶粒尺寸变化不大,超过1 200℃后晶粒明显长大;保温时间对晶粒尺寸无明显影响;随固溶温度的升高和保温时间的延长,时效后钢中一次析出相的尺寸变小、数量减少;在700℃的时效过程中,M23C6相沿晶界析出,二次析出的Z相弥散分布在晶内,尺寸在100 nm以下,时效时间超过1 000 h后M23C6相明显粗化,Z相的尺寸变化不大,但数量不断增多,在长时时效过程中起到显著的析出强化作用;随初始固溶温度的升高和保温时间的增长,相对应的长时时效态的高温屈服强度明显提高。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.